课件87张PPT。考点精析专
题
讲
座
语
法综合演练第
九
讲
名
词
和
冠
词考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五1.view, sight, scene
(1)view(从某角度看到的)景色;风景;自然美景。
(2)sight 情景;景象;看见的事物。
(3)scene 景象;风光;事故现场;场面。
From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.
从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park, I'm full of confidence of our country.
看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面,我对我们国家(的未来)充满了自信心。2.reputation, impression
(1)reputation 表示“名誉;名声”。
(2)impression 表示“印象”,常用于短语give/leave an
impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(摘自2010江苏高考)
这名医生在治疗心脏病方面医术高超,而且从不收病人的礼物,所以享有良好的名誉。3.state, position, condition, situation
(1)state 状态;样子;情况;形势。
(2)position位置;职位。
(3)condition条件;境况。
(4)situation形势;状况;局面。From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.(摘自2009陕西高考)
从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.
学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。
He was in a poor state of health.
他的健康状况不佳。4.mark, sign, signal, symbol
(1)mark 标志;标记。
(2)sign 记号;标记;迹象。
(3)signal 信号。
(4)symbol 象征;符号。
In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.(摘自2009湖北高考)在课堂上,铃声响起,老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。
In communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(摘自2011重庆高考)
在交流方面,微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。1.(2011·福建高考)The lack of eco-friendly habits among
the public is thought to be a major______of global climate change.
A.result B.cause
C.warning D.reflection解析:考查名词辨析。句意:公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。cause “原因;起因”; result “结果”; warning “警告”; reflection “反思;反省”。根据句意可知,正确答案为B项。答案:B2.(2011·浙江高考)Anyway, I can't cheat him — it's against
all my ________.
A.emotions B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions解析:考查名词辨析。句意:无论如何我都不能欺骗他——这违背我做人的原则。principle常用复数形式,意为“(行为的)准则、规范”。如:principles of conduct “行为的准则”。emotion “情感;情绪”; regulation “规章;规则”; opinion “意见;看法;主张”。答案:B3.(2011·四川高考)Always remember to put such
dangerous things as knives out of children's________.
A.touch B.sight
C.reach D.distance解析:考查名词词义辨析。out of one's reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。句意:切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of touch “失去联系”;out of sight “看不见”;out of distance “离……太远;达不到”。答案:C4.(2011·山东高考)There's a ________in our office that
when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A.tradition B.balance
C.concern D.relationship解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:在我们办公室有一个传统:有人过生日的时候,他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例;传统”,符合句意。答案:A5.(2012·济南二模)China has got a good ________ for
fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A.reputation B.influence
C.impression D.knowledge解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。reputation“名誉;名声”,符合句意。influence“影响;作用”;impression“印象”;knowledge“知识”。答案:A1.抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难; a difficulty 一件难事
(2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败; a failure一位失败者;一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识
(5)success 成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事
(6)surprise 惊奇; a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
(7)honour 荣誉; an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事It's a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(摘自2010福建高考)
上海世博会给人们带来了快乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。
His new book was a great success.
他的新书获得巨大成功。2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词Would you like some coffee?
你想喝点咖啡吗?
I would like a coffee and two beers.
我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。1.(2012·宝鸡市质量检测一)It is ________ great honor for
China to develop ________ fastest computer in today's world.
A.an; an B.an; the
C.a; the D.a; a解析:考查冠词。句意:中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑,这真是一件令人荣幸的事。此处honor为抽象名词具体化,要加不定冠词,又因为great是以辅音音素开头的单词,应该用a;第二空形容词最高级前要用定冠词。答案:C2.(2012·无锡市高三检测)The book has been considered as
________ must-read for those who want to get ________ success.
A.the; a B.a; a
C.a; 不填 D.the; 不填解析:考查冠词的用法。a must-read泛指“必读物”;get success表示“取得成功”。故选C项。答案:C3.(2012·海南五校联考)As it turned out, ________ 2010
World Expo in Shanghai was ________ success.
A.不填; a B.the; 不填
C.the; a D.a; a解析:考查冠词。第一空处特指2010年上海世博会,应用定冠词the; 第二空后的success是抽象名词具体化,应用不定冠词a。故答案为C项。答案:C1.不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some,意为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?
——对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2.不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前。
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must on international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的。3.不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日
期前。
The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.
这段路程预计要走一整天,所以带一份盒装午饭。
It's a wise choice to use a four wheel drive on a snowy day.
在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。4.“a(n)+序数词”不表示排序,表“又一、再一”。
Can you give me a second chance, please?(another chance)
再给我一次机会好吗?5.不定冠词a(n)用于most+形容词之前无比较含义,表示
程度,意为“很,非常”。
—Did you have a good time yesterday, Jane?
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.
——简,你昨天玩得好吗?
——是的,你知道,晚会一直在很愉快的气氛中进行。1.(2011·新课标全国卷)It is generally accepted that
________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________man.
A.a; a B.a; the
C.the; the D.a; 不填解析:考查冠词的用法。 句意:人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。 两个空都表示泛指, 因此都填不定冠词a。 答案:A2.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)As he reached ________ front door, Jack
saw ________strange sight.
A.the; 不填 B.a; the
C.不填; a D.the; a 解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:杰克到前门时,他看到一个奇怪的景象。第一空the front door 表示“前门”,表示特指用 the; 第二空表示“一种奇异的景象”,表示泛指,故用a。 答案:D3.(2012·西城第一学期检测)www.videojug.com, which has
________ food and drink programme with clear explanations, is ________ very popular website.
A.a; the B.the; 不填
C.a; a D.不填; a解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:www.videojug.com 是一个很受欢迎的网站,它里面有一个配有清晰讲解的饮食节目。根据句意可知,本题中的两空处都表示泛指,因此都用不定冠词。答案:C4.(2012·南京二模)What disappointed ________ Chinese
most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup ________ second time, with four points from three matches.
A.the; a B.不填; a
C.the; the D.不填; the解析:考查冠词用法。句意:最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。the Chinese表示“中国人”;不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一;又一”。答案:A5.(2012·江西抚州市适应性测试)I was invited to have
________ good breakfast and ________ restaurant we went to was excellent.
A.a; the B.不填; the
C.the; a D.a; 不填解析:考查冠词。句意:我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。在三餐前一般不用冠词,但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,需要加冠词,此处泛指一顿丰盛的早餐,应用不定冠词a;restaurant后面有一个定语从句,表特指,应用the。答案:A1.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或
表示发明物等的名词前。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
1876年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。
[点津] 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空,nature自然,man人类等。2.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。3.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by
the dozen, by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
I got paid by the hour.
我按小时得到报酬。4.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It was not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。1.(2011·山东高考)Take your time — it's just________
short distance from here to________ restaurant.
A.不填; the B.a; the
C.the; a D.不填; a解析:考查冠词。句意:不用急,从这里到饭店只有一小段路程。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”;由语意可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店,所以用定冠词the。答案:B2.(2011·江西高考)—It's said John will be in a job paying
over $60,000________ year.
—Right, he will also get paid by________ week.
A.the; the B.a; the
C.the; a D.a; a解析:考查冠词。句意:“据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60000美元的工作。” “是的,而且会按周付薪。”第一空用a,构成a year 相当于every/per year, 而“by the+计量单位名词”(按……计算)。如 by the hour/week/month/year“按时/周/月/年计算”。 答案:B3.(2012·江西八校联考)The most important thing about
cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution.
A.不填; 不填 B.the; 不填
C.the; the D.a; the解析:考查冠词。part后面有that引导的定语从句限定,所以第一空应该用定冠词;第二空,Industrial Revolution(工业革命)是由普通名称构成的专有名词,前面应该加定冠词。答案:C4.(2012·太原模拟)The education of ________ young is
always ________ hot and serious topic in modern society.
A.the; 不填 B.a; the
C.不填; the D.the; a解析:考查冠词。第一空是“the+形容词”表示一类人,这里表示“年轻人”;第二空表示“一个热门而严肃的话题”,表泛指,故用不定冠词a。故选D项。答案:D1.连系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词,但名
词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.
鲁迅成为作家前是医生。2.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置
于句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Clever boy as he is, he can't solve such a difficult problem.
尽管他是个聪明的孩子,他无法解决这么难的问题。3.在某些独立主格结构,如“单数名词+介词短语”中,名
词前不用冠词。
He rushed into the classroom, book in hand.
他冲进教室,手里拿着一本书。4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠
词。
Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(摘自2010重庆高考)
一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。5.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足
语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用名词有king, president, chairman, monitor, head等。
Hu Jintao, chairman of the People's Republic of China, is considered as a wise leader.
胡锦涛,中华人民共和国主席,被认为是一位英明的领导者。1.(2011·四川高考) Dr.Peter Spence, ________ headmaster
of the school, told us, “ ________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
A.不填; A B.不填; The
C.the; The D.a; A解析:考查冠词。表示职位名称的词作同位语或补足语时,之前不用冠词,所以headmaster之前不用冠词;a fifth of pupils为五分之一的学生,所以第二空前用不定冠词。答案:A2.(2012·临沂市质量检测)The only solution to ________
global warming is to carry out ________ low-carbon economy.
A.the; 不填 B.不填; the
C.不填; a D.the; the解析:考查冠词。句意:解决全球变暖的唯一方法是实施低碳经济。global warming是抽象名词,前面不用冠词; a low-carbon economy中的不定冠词表示“一种”。答案:C3.(2012·枣庄高三调研)It is reported that ________
earthquake in Oct.23, in Turkey has damaged many buildings, many of which are beyond ________ repair.
A.the; 不填 B.an; a
C.an; the D.不填; the解析:考查冠词。第一空,特指十月二十三日发生在土耳其的地震,故用定冠词;第二空,beyond repair含义为“无法修理”,不加冠词。答案:A4.(2012·海淀第二学期期中练习)—How about ________
party?
—Cool! It was really ________ great fun! Pity you weren't there.
A.a; a B.the; a
C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填解析:考查冠词用法。问句指的是双方都知道的那次晚会,是特指;fun是不可数名词,故用零冠词。答案:C点击此图片进入