中考英语备考二轮专题复习:句型转换的六种类型
句型转换题是中考常见的题型之一,主要考查考生对句子的构成、转化等方面知识的灵活运用能力,它具有规律性强、灵活性小等特点。句型转换题是先给出一个句子,然后再给出一个包含几个空格处的句子,要求考生根据括号内的具体要求在空格处填入适当的单词或词组来完成句子。
从各地中考试题来看,句型转换题主要包括下列六种类型:
一、同义句转换
同义句转换题是根据所给的句子,在第二句的空格处填入适当的单词或词组,使完成后的句子意思与所给句子的意思相同。这类句型转换题又可以分为词汇的转换和句子的转换。
1.词汇的转换
词汇的转换,包括近义词、同义词等之间的转换。需要注意的是,转换后的单词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。例如:
①My sister will take care of my cat when I am on holiday.(改为同义句)
My sister will______________ ______________ my cat when I am on holiday.
【答案与解析】look after 考查同义词短语。谓语动词take care of意为“照顾;照看”,与look after同义。
②My father often rode his bike to work last year.(改为同义句)
My father______________ ______________ ride his bike to work last year.
【答案与解析】used to 考查固定短语。used to意为“过去常常”,后接动词原形。
2.句子的转换
句子的转换包括简单句之间、简单句和复合句之间、复合句和复合句之间的转换。在答题的时候,考生要根据句子的类型,注意连接詞的使用。例如:
①They will study abroad after they finish high school.(改为同义句)
They won’t study abroad______________ they______________high school.
【答案与解析】until / before; leave 考查复合句转换为复合句。after意为“在……之后”,相当于not... until / before,故答案为until / before。
②Keep working hard, and you will achieve success.(保持句意不变)
______________ ______________ keep working hard, you will achieve success.
【答案与解析】If you 考查并列句转换为复合句。原句的祈使句相当于条件状语从句,转换时,人称要保持一致,即if放在前,后加 you。
③The teacher said to Tom, “Your parents are waiting outside the school gate.”(改为间接引语)
The teacher told Tom that______________ parents ______________ waiting outside the school gate.
【答案与解析】his; were 考查简单句转换为复合句、直接引语变成间接引语。一般情况下,在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句为一般过去时,从句要用相应的某种过去时态。
④How’s the weather today?(改为同义句)______________the weather ______________today?
【答案与解析】What’s; like 考查简单句与简单句之间的转换。这是两个询问天气的句型。
⑤Let’s discuss where we will go after our exam.(改为简单句)
Let’s discuss where_____ _______ after our exam.
【答案与解析】to go 考查复合句转换为简单句。宾语从句与“疑问词+动词不定式短语”之间可转换,故填to go。
二、肯定句变为否定句
肯定句变否定句时,既可以在句中助动词、系动词或情态动词后加not,也可不加not,而只改变某些单词或词组。例如:
①John went to church with his brother last Sunday morning.(改为否定句)
John______________ ______________ to church with his brother last Sunday morning.
【答案与解析】didn’t go 考查实义动词的否定形式。原句为一般过去时,加助动词didn’t 表示否定,went改回动词原形go。
②Tom does morning exercise every day.(改为否定句)
Tom______________ ______________ morning exercise every day.
【答案与解析】doesn’t do 考查实义动词的否定形式。原句要变为一般现在时的否定句,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在原句实义动词前加 doesn’t,然后实义动词改回原形。
③The boys can play chess in the afternoon.(改为否定句)
The boys ______ ________ chess in the afternoon.
【答案与解析】can’t play 考查情态动词的否定形式。含情态动词的肯定句要改为否定句时,直接在情态动词后加not。
④Both you and he have received an invitation to the English party.(改为否定句)
______ you ______ he has received an invitation to the English party.
【答案与解析】Neither; nor 考查连接词之间的转换。由连接词构成的句子在改为否定句时,要把这些单词改为相应的表示否定的单词。
三、陈述句变为疑问句
陈述句变为疑问句主要分三种:变为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句(对画线部分提问)及反意疑问句。例如:
The newly-penned supermarket had something on sale last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)
______________ the newly-opened supermarket______________ anything on sale last Sunday?
【答案与解析】Did; have 考查陈述句变为一般疑问句。原句变为一般现在时或一般过去时的一般疑问句时,要在句首加Do、Does或Did,实义动词则变回原形。如果原句中有some、something,则要改成any、anything;如果第一人称要变为第二人称,句末改用问号。
②The sweater is (对画线部分提问)
______________ ______________ is the sweater?
【答案与解析】How much 考查陈述句变为特殊疑问句。对画线部分提问,就是将画线部分用适当的疑问词代替,其余部分变成一般疑问句。 20 dollars表示的是价格,故用how much(多少钱)提问。
This house used to belong to Mr. Fox. (对画线部分提问)
______________house ______________it used to be?
【答案与解析】Whose; did 考查陈述句变为特殊疑问句。belong to意为“属于”,后接表示归属的对象。whose作定语,意为“谁的”。
④He hardly watches TV.(变成反意疑问句)
He hardly watches TV,______________
______________?
【答案与解析】does he 考查陈述句变为反意疑问句。陈述部分是否定结构,反意疑问部分用肯定结构;反之,陈述部分是肯定结构,反意疑问部分用否定结构。本句陈述部分含有否定意义的副词hardly,故将该陈述部分视为否定结构,后面的反意疑问部分则用肯定形式。
四、句子单复数的转换
句子单复数类型的转换相对比较简单,就是将句子的主、谓、宾以及数词的单复数作变化,其他成分不需要改变。要熟练转换该类句型,必须掌握名词单复数的变化、代词对应的人称和单复数的变化以及动词第三人称单数的变化规则等。例如:
The students need some unusual books to read after school every day.(改为单数句子)
The student______________ ______________ unusual book to read after school every day.
【答案与解析】needs an 考查句子复数形式变单数形式。主语改为the student,因此谓语动词要改为一般现在时的第三人称单数形式needs,some要改为不定冠词an。
五、主动语态改为被动语态
在解答主动语态转换为被动语态题的时候,往往要把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语,谓语变成被动语态的“be+动词过去分词”结构,时态保持与原句一致。如果需要,主动语态的主语可以改为被动语态中介词by之后的宾语。如果原句的主语是地点名词,那么在被动语态中要用“in + 地点名词”形式作状语。例如:
①People drink Chinese tea all over the world.(改為被动语态)
Chinese tea______________ ______________ all over the world.
【答案与解析】is drunk 考查主动语态句改为被动语态句。原句宾语Chinese tea作了被动语态句的主语,动词由drink改为is drunk,这是一般现在时的被动语态结构。
②We will hold a class meeting to talk about team work next Friday.(改为被动语态)
A class meeting will_______________ ______________to talk about team work next Friday.
【答案与解析】be held 考查主动语态句改为被动语态句。原句为一般将来时态,改为被动语态时要用“will be+动词过去分词”形式,hold改为过去分词held。
六、陈述句改为感叹句
做陈述句转换为感叹句题时,首先应该明确该感叹句是用what还是用how引导。位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。用what时,后面的复数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词,单数可数名词前要用不定冠词a或an。例如:
①Zhang Yimou directed a wonderful show at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics.(改为感叹句)
______________ ______________wonderful show Zhang Yimou directed at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics!
【答案与解析】What a 考查用what引导的感叹句。show意为“表演”时为可数名词单数形式,故用what,且加a。
②This movie is very interesting.(改为感叹句)
______________ ______________this movie is!
【答案与解析】How interesting 考查用how引导的感叹句。由how引导的感叹句,用“How+ adj. / adv.+主语+谓语!”表示。故本题填How interesting。
◎专项小练
根据括号内所给的要求,转换下列句型。每空一词。
1.Jeff played tennis with his classmates yesterday.(改为否定句)
Jeff ______________tennis with his classmates yesterday.
2.At first, he didn’t know what he could do in the new group.(改为简单句)
At first, he didn’t know______________ do in the new group.
3.My sister isn’t old enough to dress herself.(改为同义句)
My sister is______________ young______________ she can’t dress herself.
4.We will travel to the Great Wall after the exam.(对画线部分提问)
______________ you travel after the exam?
5.His mother made a big cake for his birthday.(改为被动语态)
A big cake______________ ______________ by his mother for his birthday.
6.He told us a funny story.(改为感叹句)
______________ ______________ funny story he told us!
答案
1.didn’t play
2.what to
3.so; that
4.Where will
5.was made
6.What a