【高考英语宝典】考前语法微专题四 主谓一致（含答案）

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语法微专题四----主谓一致
一、语法一致
1. 用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Plastics and rubber never rot.
但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物、同一概念或者是由两个部件组成一个物体时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
两个并列的名词由each/every/ many a(许多) / no 等词修饰时，谓语一律用单数。
Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake.
Every doctor and every nurse was given a new shirt.
非谓语动词作主语，
To see is to believe.
单个从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Who will win is certain.
“more than one / many a + 单数名词” 作主语
More than one student has read Rowling’s Harry Porter.
Many a student has seen the film.
用as well as, with, together with，along with, including, rather than，like, unlike等词连接的主语,谓语动词与主语保持一致
Our monitor as well as some of our classmates has been to the USA.
The bat together with the balls was stolen.
who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致
He was one of the students who were given a prize.
I was the only one of the boys who was invited.
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Is anybody going to tell him the news.
二、意义一致
1. 无标记复数名词作主语（people, cattle, police, youth ）谓语用复数。
The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.
Cattle are one cause of the problem.
集体名词作主语(family, crowd, class, public, enemy, audience, government, group, team, staff, crew, committee等) 时，强调整体使用单数，强调个体或成员时用复数。
The audience was deeply moved.
The audience were dressed in a variety of ways, some in suits and some in jeans.
表示时间、距离、金额、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；如果强调“数目”则要用复数谓语。
Four hours is enough time to spend repairing the machine.
More than fifty years have passed since they got married.
分数或百分数作主语时，谓语要由of 后面的名词决定。
More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
80% of the scientists invited to the conference are men.
a number of 与the number of 作主语
A number of new cars are being shown in the exhibition hall.
The number of the cars running on the street is quite large.
the rest和the majority结构做主语时，谓语要由of 后面的名词决定。
The rest of the books were returned to the library.
Most of the time is spent in reading.
三、就近原则
there be 和here be 句型中。
Here are my replies to your questions.
There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plate.
部分并列连词连接两个主语时（or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…, not only…but also…）。
Not only his sisters but also he has been to the Great Wall.
Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
倒装结构
Between the windows is a picture.
South of the lake stand two stone towers.
典型题目
The parts of a museum open to the public ________ (call ) galleries or rooms.（2020新高考1）
Only a small part of a museum’s collection _____ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. （2020新高考1）
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Sringfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. （2021浙江）
The little home ________ (paint ) white. It was sweet and fresh. （2021浙江）
…because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct). （2020课标全国1）
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. （2020全国卷II）
And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need). （2020浙江）
Because the number of possible topics _______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.（2020海南）
I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________ (make) over the years. （2019课标全国II）
When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _______ (have) to worry about fashion. （2019浙江6月卷）
答案：
are called
is
has proved/ has proven
was painted
means; is constructed
carries
was needed
is
have made
has
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