【高考英语宝典】考前语法微专题八 名词（含答案）

语法微专题八---名词
名词
名词的数
民族词汇
表示复数意义：the Chinese / the English / the French/ the Swiss
貌似单数实为复数的集合名词
people; police; cattle ---谓语动词用复数
a person; a policeman; a head of cattle
单复数形式相同的名词
sheep deer fish means aircraft species
特殊变化的复数形式
analysis---analyses crisis---crises phenomenon---phenomena criterion---criteria bacterium---bacteria medium---media goose---geese
常用复数形式的短语
express one’s thanks to sb; give one’s best wishes to; make preparations for; take turns to do; in high spirits; make arrangements for sb to do; take great pains to do; in tears; in ruins
复合名词的复数
passers-by; fathers-in-law; grown-ups(成年人); go-betweens(中间人)
物质名词或抽象名词
永恒的不可数：fun; luck; progress; wealth; health; information; weather; permission; baggage; luggage; equipment;
有些物质名词表示种类或份数时，用作可数。
Two coffees,please.
抽象名词具体化： pleasure； surprise； comfort； relief ；success； failure； difficulty ；disappointment; help
既是可数又是不可数的名词
word _______ ； ________
change ________; _______
experience ________; _________
名词的格
在名词末尾加’s，多用来表示有生命的人
the teacher’s praise; the teachers’ praise ;somebody else’s opinion;
Tom and Mary’s mother; Tom’s and Mary’s mothers
of结构多用来表示无生命的东西
the handle of the umbrella; the lid of the box
’s所有格也可以表示时间、距离、价值、国家、城市、机构等无生命的东西
ten minutes’ walk; a mile’s journey; China’s population
三、 名词作定语
1. 一般用单数
a flower shop; a shoe repairer
2. 例外用复数
a sports car; a clothes shop; a salesgirl
3. man/ woman较特殊
a man doctor; men doctors
4. 合成形容词，名词用单数
a five-year-old boy
四、变化
单数名词词尾直接加-s。 如： pen — pens ，
以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词 ( http: / / www. / danci / " \t "_blank )一般加-es。
glass — glasses, box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。
① 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：
baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。
② 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加”s”。 toy-toys boy-boys
以“o”结尾
①常见三个单词加“es”。tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes
②其余加“s”。 radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos,
以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。
thief—thieves, wife — wives, life — lives, knife — knives, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。
改变元音字母的。如：man — men, woman — women, mouse — mice, foot — feet, tooth — teeth
典型题目
1. The far side of the moon is of particular _______(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so than the familiar near side.
2. Nowadays the ______(prior) for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
3. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting_____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
4. Filled with __________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
5. Historical ___________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
6. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.
7. Tom was doing his homework and the boys who were playing outside his house added __________(anxious) to him.
8. We had no _______________(hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.
9. The __________(arrive)of the plane has been delayed due to the fog.
10. You’d better take into account your own ___________(strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major.
11. For sustainable development , the government has decided to give___________(prefer) to those energy-conserving an environment friendly businesses in many aspects.
12. If a young man wants the ____________(flexible ) to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting instead of buying a house.
13. Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) _____________(explain).
14. The village where he was born has changed beyond_____________( recognize).
15. I didn’t have to work all week. I did it by ___________(choose).
16. Nowadays people have to live with all kinds of __________(press).
17. He set up several ___________(branch) in other cities.
18. He said that you have to fight against the following factors such as self-doubt, failure, _______________(lonely), misunderstanding and even threat on condition that you want to have access to _______________(achieve).
19. The young clerk expressed full of confidence that he ___________(qualify) for that ____________(demand) mission, which was beyond our_________________(expect).
答案：
interest
priority
competition
curiosity
accuracy
weight
anxiety
hesitation
arrival
strengths
preference
flexibility
explanation
recognition
choice
pressure
branches
loneliness
achievement
was qualified; demanding; expectation