2022届高考英语二轮复习课件：定语从句（85张）

(共85张PPT)
Grammar
The Attributive Clause
This is the best film that I have seen.
定语从句
the best film
先行词
that
关系词
一. 定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
This is the best film that I have seen.
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在从句中担当一个成分
关系词的作用
1）
2）
3）
The boy who is reading is Tom.
先行词
关系代词
Hospital is a place where a doctor works.
先行词
关系副词
二. 关系词的分类
关系代词
2. 关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why
二. 关系词的分类
三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点
1. 关系代词的基本用法
三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
who, whom
③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are the trees which were planted
last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is
made in Japan.
which
He is the man (that) I told you about.
④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
that
⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。
We live in a house whose windows face south.
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
whose
2. 关系代词的用法注意点
(1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。
①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况
②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：
This is all that I want from the school.
③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。
(2)用who不用that的情况
①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：
All who heard the news were excited.
②先行词为those, he和people时。如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点
①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
② whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：
The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。
(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点
④whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：
The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.
③ whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。
⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：
The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.
(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：
Those who are against the plan put up your hands.
Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.
(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous
whom in the world.
that

(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress which she is wearing is new.
that

(1) The scientist is very famous in the world.
We met her yesterday.
巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子
巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.
whom
that

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher
is her daughter.
2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with
is a famous singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak
English very well.
4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from
the library.
5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.
who/that
(who/whom/that)
whose
which/that
(that/which)
巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空
巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空
四. 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句
1. 介词的选用原则：
根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.
This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.
四. “介词+which/whom”引导的从句， 1.介词选用原则
(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
I remember the day on which I joined the Party.
I remember the days during which I lived there.
3.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用of which
China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
I have many friends, ___ some are business.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
D
This is the pen ________ _______ I wrote the letter.
Is that the girl ________ ________ you lent your bicycle
Here is the address _______ _______ you should write.
These are the things _______ ________ I spoke just now.
Is that the fish _______ _______ you asked the waiter
with which
to whom
to which
about which
for which
2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
I can’t find the pen with which I was writing .
2. 介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用
3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
(whom/who/that)
(which/that)
Dad is a person________________ I can easily talk to.
Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now
3. 介词位于句末，关系代词的使用
4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：
This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.
The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用
5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。
I didn't like the way _______________
she talked to me.
The way _________________he
teaches English is interesting.
（that/in which）
（that/in which）
5. 先行词为the way，关系词的使用
五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法
五. 关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分
when 表时间的名词/名词词组 时间状语
where 表地点的名词/名词词组 地点状语
why 表原因的名词 原因状语
用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
1. when
1. when
用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
2. where
2. where
用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“for+which”。如：
There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.
3. why
3. why
4. 关系副词的用法注意点
(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如：
This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.
(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：
Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used
4. 关系副词的用法注意点
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
1) October 1, 1949 was the day______
(__ ______) China was founded.
2) Beijing is the place ______
(____ ______) I came.
3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he
didn’t want to see me
when
on which
where
from which
why
for which
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
4) Is this the room ______(__ ______)
we were living last winter
5) The days are gone _____
(______ ______) we used “foreign oil”.
6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______
(__ ______) we discussed many problems.
where
in which
when
during which
at which
where
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there.
The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.
where/in which
(that/which)
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
2. I will never forget the day_______________
I met you.
I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.
when/on which
(that/which)
The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him.
(that/which)
why/for which
3. The reason ________________ I don’t
know the thing is that I was not there
at that time.
1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave.
when /in which
(which/that)
where/ in which
(which/that)
why/ for which
(that/which)
几种易混的情况
及物动词
及物动词
及物动词
六. 非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。
My watch, which is very old, stopped again.
六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义
2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：
This is the best book that I have read.
This is a good book, which is easy to understand.
2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。
(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。
(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：
(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。
He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.
He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.
3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别
(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：
3. as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.
(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
结论: as ,which均可引导非限制性定语从句,as 引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如…..，正象…”之意， 与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等，常用被动结构如
as is announced(据宣布）；
as is reported（据报道）；
as is expected(正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料）；
as has been explained（正如所解释的那样）;
(1). The owner of the cinema needed to make a
lot of improvements and employed
more people to keep it running, ______ meant
spending tens of thousands of pounds. (江苏 )
A. who B. that C. as D. which
(2). _______ is often the case, we have
worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As (江苏 )
D
D
高 考 衔 接
4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：
(1)名词+介词+关系代词：
They live in a house, the door of which faces south.
4. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构
(2)代词+介词+关系代词：
There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.
(3)数词+介词+关系代词：
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.
A. that B. what C. who D. whether
2. Is there anything else _____ you require
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
考点一:that 与which 的区别
that
4. He talked happily about the men and books
_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
5. There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you
A. that B. which C. where D. it
先行词为人和物的组合
先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D.it
只用which的情况:
1,逗号后面 2,介词后面
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.
A.on which B that C which
D.this
考点二:介词+关系代词
提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键
是判断介词的选择.
方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配
方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替
Filling blanks:
1.The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
2.The room __________ my family live used to be a garage.
with whom
in which
考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式
1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，
构成名词短语。
That’s the child whose father is a teacher.
Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor
This is a book whose cover is green.
2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可
以指人，还可以指物。
3. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替,
但词序不同，
即whose+名词=the +n + of which
=of which + the + n.
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room,
faces south.
= He lives in the room,
faces south.
the window of which
of which the window
考点四：as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
1. ______ was natural, he married Jenny.
A. Which B. That
C. This D. As
2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______
Greek letters.
A. as, are B. as, is
C. that, are D. that, is
4. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of
dead rules.
A. Which B. What C. That D. As
5. We do the same work _____ they do.
A. which B. as C. than D. like
Anyone _____breaks the law is punished.
Those _____ break the law are punished.
He _____ breaks the law is punished.
在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.
考点五: that 与who的区别
who
who
who
考点六:
如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点1.先行词
2.关系词在从句中充当的成分
做主语，宾语，定语用
做状语用
关系代词
关系副词
I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.
The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
when
(which/that)
(which/that)
where
考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。
1.I am not one who ______afraid of difficulty．
2.Don ’t choose me, who _______not fit for this job．
is
am
3. This is one of the best books _______.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. that has written
D. that have written
4. She is the only one of the girls ___ well in class.
A. which sings B. who sing
C. who sings D. who to sing
考点八 几个特殊先行词后的定语从句:
① reason 为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语,
则用 why 引导, 如果缺少主语\宾语\表语,则用
that\which 引导。
② the way 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语
则用that\in which 引导, 也可以省略, 如果
缺少主语\宾语\表语,则用that\which 引导。
1.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.
2.This is the reason _____________________ he gave.
3. Do you know the way ____________he solved the problem.
4.Do you know the way ___________Mary told Tom.
5.Do you know the way ____________can be used to solved
the problem.
why/for which
(which/that)
that/in which
(that/which)
which/that
7. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to
spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
D
6. --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves
--- Yes, there’s one point ______ we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. ×
D
高 考 衔 接
③ situation\ case\ point\ spot\ scene 为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语, where 引导。
④ occasion 为先行词时，如果定语从句中
缺少状语，则用 when 引导。
We may be trapped in such a situation
where we have no one to turn to.
(1). Great changes have taken place in that school.
It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______
it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
(2). --- Where did you get to know her
--- It was on the farm ______ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
A
D
高 考 衔 接
考点九 定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合
It is John who runs a website where he encourages people to protect the environment.
The village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what is now part of Hubei Province.
1. Is this factory ____ we visited last
week
D
Is this the factory ____ we visited last
Week
A、where B、that
C、to which D、the one
B
解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
Exercises
2. Let me think of a proper situation
_______ this sentence can be used.
A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、which
A
先行词是situation, case, scene…时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which
3. She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
A、when B、what
C、which D、why
C
She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing.
A
5. The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.
A、who B、whose
C、of whom D、which
B
6.Those _____ to take part in the game
write down your names.
A、who B、who want
C、who wants D、what
B
7. I don't like English, _____ I am not interested.
I don't like English, ____ grammar is difficult to learn.
I like this house, _____ doorway is just enough to get .
I like this house, _____ doorway is small.
A. in which B. which
C. through whose D. whose
A
D
C
D
8. I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A、who is B、what is
C、what am D、who am
D
9. Which of the two cows ______ you keep produces more milk
A、which B、that
C、what D、as
B
10. His walking stick, ____ he can’t
walk, was lost yesterday.
A、that
B、with which
C、which
D、without which
D
13. He must be from Africa, _____ can
be seen from his skin.
A. that　　 B. as 　　
C. who　　 D. what
B
14. This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.
A. as B. that
C.the one D. A&B
D
比较：
...the same pen as I lost.
... the same pen that I lost.
表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .
15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve.
The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve it.
A. as B. that
C. which D. the ones
A
B
so ...that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句
16. ______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As
C. What D. That
B
17. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what
C. that all D. all
D
18. How do you like the book
It’s quite different from _____ I read
last month.
A. that B. which
C. the one D. the one what
C
19. There are three libraries in our
school, _______ were built five
years ago.
A、all of them
B、either of them
C、all of which
D、both of that
C
20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five ______were English novels.
A. of which B. which
C. that D. in which
A
名词/代词/数词+of+ which /whom引导非限定性定语从句
21.Here are players from Japan, some of _________ are our old friends.
Here are some players from Japan and some of ________ are our old friends.
A. which B. that
C. whom D. them
非限制性定语从句
并列句
C
D
Exercises
(1). Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it (浙江 )
(2). We will be shown around the city : school, museums, and some other places,
______ other visitors seldom go. ( 北京 2002)
A. what B. which C. where D. when
(3). I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English
words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. ( 上海 2003)
A. why B. which C. as D. where
(4). The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________
the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏 )
A. which, where B. at which, which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
(5). Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______ effects
the people are still suffering. (天津 )
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
A
C
D
C
B
Thank you