2022年中考英语二轮复习讲义-名词（牛津译林版）（无答案）

2022年中考英语二轮复习讲义与练习
名词
班级___________ 姓名_______________ 学号______
课标考点
1.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2．掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。3. 掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。
考点一：不可数名词
1.分类不可数名词分为：表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice，water，milk等和表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work，time，health等。 常考的不可数名词还有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, progress bread, music, furniture, sugar, knowledge, trouble, progress, traffic,weather, fun, beef等.
2.基本用法：不可数名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能使用冠词或数词
3.既可数又不可数的名词, 有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：
space—______ (可数)；_____ (不可数) fish—______ (可数)；______ (不可数)
glass—______(可数)；______ (不可数) paper—________ (可数)；______ (不可数)
work—______ (可数)；_______ (不可数) experience—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数)
exercise—_________ (可数)；_________ (不可数) achievement—_______ (可数)；________ (不可数)
4.不可数名词量的表达. 不可数名词的数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词＋可数名词＋of＋不可数名词。如：一块面包 __________________ 　 两杯茶 __________________
三杯橘汁 _____________________ 　 几则建议__________________ 　
考点二：可数名词变复数
1．规则变化：(1)一般在词尾加______。如：lake→lakes；mouth→mouths；month→months；arm→arms；key→keys；boy→boys；grownup→grownups；pound→pounds；dollar→dollars。
(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加______。如：bus→buses；box→boxes；brush→brushes；sandwich →sandwiches；wish→wishes；church→churches；glass→glasses；beach→beaches。注意：stomach→_____
(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变______为______，再加______。如：factory→factories；library→libraries；city→cities；country→countries；story→stories；family→families；strawberry→strawberries；dictionary→dictionaries；party→parties；hobby→hobbies。
(4)以o结尾的大多加s，少数加es。如：zoo→zoos；photo→photos；radio→radios；piano→pianos；kangaroo→kangaroos；
注意：hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes; mango→mangoes
(5)以f或fe结尾的词，变______或______为______加______。如：knife→knives；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；half→halves；thief→thieves；wife→wives；wolf→wolves；life→lives。
2．不规则变化：不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：foot→feet；tooth→teeth；man→men；woman→women；Englishman→Englishmen frenchman—frenchmen 但：German→Germans human--humans
(2)词尾加ren，如：child→_______________。
(3)单、复数相同。如：sheep→sheep；deer→deer；fish→fish；Chinese→_________；Japanese→_________。
(4)有些名词只表示复数。如：people, trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜)。
(5)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：woman teacher→women teachers女教师；man doctor→men doctors男医生。
补充：可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式：
few, a few, many, several, a (large/small)number of / a couple of+ 可数名词
little, a little, much, a large/small amount of, a great deal of+ 不可数名词
some, any, plenty of , enough, a lot of/lots of+ 可数/不可数名词
考点三：名词所有格
1．构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
①一般情况下在名词后加's。如：迈克的汽车___________________ 我妈妈的头发_______________
②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。 如：教师节_______________________ 三个小时的步行______________
③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's 。如：妇女节_______________ 儿童节_______________
(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of＋名词”构成。如：
我们教室的一张照片 ______________________________ 一张中国地图___________________
[注意] 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用's构成所有格。如：
今天的报纸______________________ 世界人口______________________________
(3)当人名是以s结尾时，也加’s. Charles的车__________________________.
2．特殊用法 (1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's；表示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加's。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间__________________莉莉和露西各自的房间___________________
(2)表示“家”、 “店铺”等处所。如：at Li Lei's在李雷家 在诊所____________________
(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of＋名词's”或“of＋名词性物主代词”.
如:我父亲的一本书_____
① a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。如：a friend of my father’s
② … 名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine ＝ one of my friends我的一个朋友
3．名词普通格作定语时的形式 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sports, clothes例外。
paper tigers纸老虎 work places工作的地方 sports shoes运动鞋
考点四：名词的后缀
1. 表示人的：-er, -or, -ian, -ist, -ress
如：win-winner run-runner support –supporter invent-inventor visit-visitor direct-director act-actor / actress collect-collector create- creator survive- survivor art-artist science-scientist
2. 动词转名词：-tion, -sion, -ing, -(s) ure, -ment, -ance
如：pronounce- pronunciation express-expression begin-beginning press-pressure agree-agreement perform-performance invite-invitation invent-invention
3. 其它：-th, -dom, -ce, -y, -ty, -ness, -ship, -hood
如：warm-warmth free--freedom different-difference important—importance difficult-difficulty safe –safety busy-business friend –friendship child-childhood strong-strength
考点五：名词作句子成分
1.名词作主语
1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there .
2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed .
Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk .
3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill .
4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。
Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman .
2.名词作定语：
1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 There is a shoe factory near the school .
2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will be held next week .
3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。
one man teacher two women teachers
强化训练：
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When the cat is away, the ___________ (mouse) will play happily.
2. It is common________________ that the sun sets down in the west. (know )
3. I’ve a high fever, so I need to go to the ________________ (doctor).
4. The ____________(survey) have shown that more than half of the children like US TV series best．
5. It’s about twenty _______________ (minute) ride from my house to the city centre.
6. Most of the tourists on the coach are ___________ (German), and only two of them are _________ (Japanese).
7. Would you please make some ___________ (room) for the old man, sir
8. Several ___________ (foreign) came to visit our school last week.
9. More and more people all over the country are worried about food ____________ (safe).
10. Eating too many sweets is bad for your ___________ (tooth).
11. Jackie Chan is a famous ___________. These dresses are for_______________________. (act)
12. This is the first year to learn the new subject-- __________________. (chemical)
13. Today most students can go to high school for further __________________ (educate) in our country.
14. You can make a ___________ (choose) among those programmes.
15. That French restaurant provides not only delicious food but good _____________ (serve).
16. The reporter interviewed our headmaster on how to raise our _______________ (student) abilities.
17. The compass helped people make many ________________ (discover) in the past.
18. The computer is considered as one of the most important _______________ (invent) in the 20th century．
19. There are quite a few ________________ (tomato) in these two (photo)．
20. After some _____________(1ead) visit to the village，they reached an agreement．
21. Sometimes it requires courage to tell the (true)．
22. Hurry up! The ______________ (interview) have been there for 10 minutes．
23. We are planning to have an interview with the ____________ (win) of the football game．
24. The sun gives us ___________(hot) and 1ight．Nothing can live without the sun．
25. Mike has been used to the school life and has made great ______________(achieve)．
26. My uncle works on a modern farm. He’s thin and of average ___________. (high)
27. Father’s______________(silent) showed that he was very angry at what I did．
28. She refused to join our _____________ (discuss) and finished her paper alone．
29. A careless driver and the terrible weather were responsible for these people’s________. ( die)
30. Shanghai will limit (限制) the number of ________ to wetlands on Chongming Island. (visit).
31. It’s hard training not __________ that has helped Liu Xiang break the records again. (lucky)
二、根据中文提示完成单词
1.The students standing in front of the library are all _____________ (非洲人)．
2. If you like to go to Hong Kong for shopping, you can go there in any ____________ (季节).
3. If you don’t know the _____________ (意思) of the words , you’d better look them up in the dictionary.
4. Young children should have good ____________ (习惯), such as getting up early and having a healthy diet.
5. Daniel enjoys swimming. He is one of the best _______________ (游泳者) in my class.
6. The ______________ (美丽) of the Summer Palace attracts millions of people every year.
7. Great _______________ (进步) has been made in the field of medicine.
8. We must have the (勇气) to face all the difficulties in our lives．
9. They made a (选择) to light up 999 candles to mourn (哀悼) the death of the brave firemen．
10. If there is a _______________ (机会) in a million that you can do something, please do it.
11. Bill Gates is a great man of (财富) and influence in the world．
12. Jim likes listening to music and enjoys watching all kinds of music (视频) in his spare time．
13. Every year some people would like to work in the ____________ (东北方) of China．
14. One of the ___________ (长处)of living in the city center is that you can buy almost everything you want．
三、单项选择
( )1. —Can you see a little in the picture 一Yes，behind the trei.
A．dogs B．horses C．sheep D．ducks
( )2. ________ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.
A.Jack and Mike’s B.Jack’s and Mike’s C.Jack and Mike D.Jack’s and Mike
( )3. Sam is doing some _______ about the ancient Silk Road.
A. exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments
( )4. The theme park is about _______ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hour’s C. two hours’ D. two hours
( )5. Mary’s skirt is the same as her ______.
A. sister B. brother C. brother’s D. sister’s
( )6.－Could you please offer me some in my research －Yes, sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. advice
( )7.-I am going to Carrefour．Let me get you some fresh fruit.-Thanks for your .It’s so nice of you．
A.offer B.plan C.advice D.information
( )8. Sam eats too much ______. He doesn’t eat any ______.
A. tomatoes; chicken B. tomato; chicken C.chicken; tomatoes D.chickens; tomatoes
( )9. Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them more personal _______.
A．time B．system C．space D．pity
( )10. You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _____ between work and relaxation.
A. diary B. promise C. balance D. lead
( )11.It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable __ for human beings.
A. standard B. treasure C. invention D. instruction
( )12. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the bus station—she has a pretty good of direction．
A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense
( )13. I bought ____ China Daily from a street-corner machine this morning.
A.a page of B.a piece of C.a copy of D.a book of
( )14. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel—she has a pretty good __ of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
( )15. —Are all the students from ______ in your class
—No, there are only three _______ in our class. The others are from other countries.
A.Germany; Germen B.Germany; Germans C.German; Germans D.German; Germany
( )16. —Henry, have you seen the English book on the desk If you see it, please take it to the ___ office.
—OK.
A. teachers’; teachers’ B. teacher’s; teachers’ C. teacher’s; teacher’s D. teachers’; teacher’s
( )17.--Someone called you just now. --I know. But I was busy at the moment. When I called back, there was no___.
A. voice B. sound C. answer D. result
( )18. ---Dad, I’ve got an “A” in the history exam. ---That’s a good _______. Keep it up.
A. suggestion B. idea C. reason D. beginning
( )19. ---The music sounds terrible. ---Yes, I want to leave now. Where is the _______
A. seat B. stay C. exit D. entrance
( )20. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _______.
A. date B. shape C. order D. balance
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