中考英语二轮语法知识点精讲全练 第3单元 名词 课件

文档属性

名称 中考英语二轮语法知识点精讲全练 第3单元 名词 课件
格式 ppt
文件大小 3.0MB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-06-01 14:52:30

图片预览

文档简介

(共70张PPT)
第二轮 语法专项复习
第3单元 名词
考 点 检 索
考 点 梳 理
课 时 作 业
参 考 答 案
考 点 检 索
考 点 梳 理
近义名词的用法辨析
1. family, home与house
2. problem与question
problem 多指“习题;问题”,通常也指要解决或决定的问题,尤其指比较困难的问题、社会问题 He will try his best to solve this problem.他将尽他最大努力去解决这个问题。
question 常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题,常与ask或answer连用 May I ask a question 我可以问个问题吗?
3. message, information与news
Can I take a message for Jim 我可以为吉姆捎个口信吗?
He is searching for some information on the Internet. 他正在网上搜索信息。
I want to tell you a piece of good news. 我想告诉你一条好消息。
4. job与work
☆【典题链接】
( )1. [乌鲁木齐] If you can speak English well, you will have a great chance over others when looking for a ______.
A. work B. job C. office
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:如果你能说一口流利的英语,你在找工作时就会比别人有更多的机会。结合句意可知,此处指“工作”,其前有a,用job。故选B。
B
( )2. [2021·呼和浩特改编] The boy didn't find much ______ about the topic on that website.
A. report B. article C. information
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:这个男孩在那个网站上没有找到很多有关这个话题的信息。report报告;article文章;information 信息。故选C。
C
( )3. [2021·绵阳改编] He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ______.
A. family B. house C. home
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:他出生在德国,但他把中国当成他的家乡。family侧重家庭成员;house侧重住所;home侧重环境,表示“家;家乡;故乡”。故选C。
4. 我有两条好消息告诉你!(汉译英)
. . . . . .
C
I have two pieces of good news to tell you
名词的数
1. 可数名词
可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算,有单数和复数两种形式。
(1)名词复数的规则变化
【闪记】 名词复数变f/fe为ve加 s的单词
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。
(2)名词复数的不规则变化
①元音字母变化:男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙。
man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, mouse—mice, tooth—teeth
②各国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
Chinese—Chinese, Japanese—Japanese, Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen, German—Germans, American—Americans, Indian—Indians
③以o结尾的可数名词复数词尾加 es的词:
英雄(hero), 爱吃西红柿(tomato), 土豆(potato)
④单复同形的可数名词:
中国人(Chinese), 日本人(Japanese), 爱吃鱼(fish), 羊(sheep), 鹿(deer)
(3)名词复数的特殊形式
【注意】 ①一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将中心词变为复数。如:apple tree — apple trees(苹果树);grown up — grown ups(成年人)。但要注意的是:man driver — men drivers(男司机); woman doctor — women doctors(女大夫)。
②stomach的复数形式为stomachs, 因为词尾中的 ch发音为/k/,而不是/t /。
(4)只用复数形式的名词
  【点拨】 ①有些名词形式上虽是单数,意义上却是复数。如:people 人民, police 警察, public公众。
②有些名词及一些学科名词形式上是复数,意义上却是单数。如:news消息,politics政治,physics物理。
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化。主要包括物质名词和抽象名词两种。
(1)不可数名词的分类



词 食物 bread, meat, rice, cheese, fish
饮品 milk, water, cola, coffee, wine
自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood



词 情感 love, peace, friendship, joy
概念 exercise, knowledge, population
学科 math(s), geography, physics, chemistry
(2)不可数名词的计量形式
基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。但数词决定量词单复数形式。如:
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of news 一则新闻
two pairs of glasses 两副眼镜
three pieces of advice 三条建议
☆【典题链接】
( )5. [山西] To keep our city beautiful, the ______ are always very busy in the streets. We shouldn't throw rubbish everywhere.
A. policemen B. cleaners
C. drivers
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:为了保持我们城市的美丽,清洁工总是在街上忙碌着。我们不应该到处扔垃圾。policeman 警察;cleaner清洁工;driver司机。故选B。
B
( )6. [恩施] — May I take your order, sir
— ______.
A. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices
B. Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice
C. Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rices
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:——先生,您现在可以点餐吗?——带蔬菜的鸡肉和两碗米饭。chicken意为“鸡肉”时,是不可数名词,无复数形式;vegetable是可数名词,其复数形式为vegetables; rice意为“米饭;大米”,是不可数名词。故选B。
B
7. [2019·青岛] Keeping English . . (日记) is a good way to improve English. (根据句意和汉语提示完成句子)
8. 这里有一个错误,这个数字当中多了两个零。(汉译英)
. . .
diaries
There is a mistake .This number has two more zero(e)s
名词的所有格
所有格表示所属关系,修饰另一名词,作定语。它有两种形式:
①名词后加's,表示有生命的事物。
②名词后加of短语,多用于表示无生命的事物。
1.名词所有格的构成
2.名词所有格的运用
【闪记】 名词所有格的用法
英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”,
巧记构成有方法,多数要把's加,
复数有s作词尾,只加“'”就OK,
名词若为无生命,常把of来运用,
时间、地点和距离,所有格也可用's。
【拓展】 两种所有格的异同
(1)相同:表示所属关系时,'s所有格与“of+名词”所有格可以相互代替。如:
the boy's arrival=the arrival of the boy 男孩的到来
(2)区别:
①某些特定的用法中必须用's所有格或者“of+名词”所有格。如:
Li Hua's brother, a doctor, is very good at English. 李华的哥哥/弟弟,一名医生,擅长英语。
Have you seen the new car of the boy who talked with me just now 你看到刚才与我谈话的那个男孩的新车了吗?
②表示分类时,用's所有格;表示同位关系时,用“of+名词”所有格。如:
a doctor's degree 博士学位
the city of Beijing 北京市
☆【典题链接】
( )9. [青海] — Whose jackets are these
— They are ______. They said they lost them yesterday.
A. Li Lei's and Li Tao
B. Li Lei and Li Tao's
C. Li Lei's and Li Tao's
【解析】 考查名词所有格。句意:——这些是谁的夹克?——它们是李雷的和李涛的。他们说昨天丢了夹克。答语中的them指代jackets,可推断李雷和李涛都丢了衣服,“one's and one's+可数名词的复数”表示两个人各自拥有的事物。故选C。
C
( )10. [2019·临沂] If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two ______ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours' B. hour's C. hours
【解析】 考查名词所有格。句意:如果我9点离开家开车去机场,我将在11点左右到达。所以从我家到机场大约有两个小时的车程。 “基数词+名词所有格+可数名词的单数”,two后接可数名词的复数的所有格。故选A。
A
( )11. [2021·天水改编] The online shop sells ______ shoes at a very low price.
A. child and men's
B. children and men's
C. children's and men's
【解析】 考查名词所有格。句意:网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。children's和men's共同修饰shoes。故选C。
C
12. [鄂州] A Chinese father made some nice dresses for his daughter with his
(wife) old shirts. (用所给单词的适当形式填空)
13. 妇女节就快要到了。你打算给你妈妈买什么礼物呢?(汉译英)
. . .
.
wife's
Women's Day is coming
What do you plan to buy for your mother?
易错盘点 名词的双重所有格
(1)“of+名词's”修饰前面的名词,这种结构叫名词双重所有格。
(2)双重所有格与of所有格表达的意义差别不大,但双重所有格侧重表示部分概念,而of所有格只表示所属关系。如:
a friend of her mother's 她母亲的一个朋友(强调只是她母亲朋友中的一个)
a friend of her mother 她母亲的一个朋友(强调是她母亲的朋友)
☆【典题链接】
14. 我哥哥的三个同学已经找到了好工作。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
. . my brother's have found good jobs.
15. 她的几个朋友明天将到这儿来。 (汉译英)
. . .
Three classmates of
Some friends of hers will come here tomorrow
课 时 作 业
一、单项填空
( )1. [2021·西宁改编] Our hospital needs two______. You can ask your daughter to have a try.
A. women doctors B. woman doctors
C. woman doctor
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:我们医院需要两名女医生,你可以让你女儿试一下。two修饰可数名词的复数,woman作定语修饰可数名词的复数时,woman也要用其复数形式women。故选A。
A
( )2. [2021·西宁改编] — I heard Ted got hurt badly in the car accident yesterday.
— It was true. His careless driving was the ______of the accident.
A. mistake B. excuse C. cause
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——我听说泰德昨天在车祸中受了重伤。——这是真的。他的粗心驾驶是事故的原因。mistake错误;excuse借口;cause原因。故选C。
C
( )3. [2021·泰州改编] My mother has a poor ______ of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone.
A. scene B. silence C. sense
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:我妈妈方向感差,因此她总是害怕独自出去。scene场景;情景;silence寂静;sense感觉;意识。故选C。
C
( )4. [2019·上海改编] I couldn't get much ______ of the exhibition of clean energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos C. posters
【解析】 考查名词辨析。我无法从网上得到很多关于清洁能源产品的展览的消息。much作形容词修饰不可数名词,作副词修饰形容词/副词的比较级。四个选项中只有news是不可数名词。故选A。
A
( )5. [2021·营口改编] I'm sure he is an honest boy. I have no ______ to doubt (质疑) what he said.
A. reason B. action
C. feeling
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:我确定他是一个诚实的男孩。我没有理由去质疑他所说的话。reason理由;action行动;feeling感觉。故选A。
A
( )6. [2018·铜仁改编]—What would you like to drink
— I'd like three ______.
A. bottles of waters B. bottle of waters
C. bottles of water
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:——你想喝点什么?——我想要三瓶水。bottle是可数名词,用复数,water是不可数名词。故选C。
C
( )7. [2021·日照改编] — Have you paid the ______?
— Yes. It's ten more dollars this month.
A. bill B. price C. value
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——你付过账了吗?——对,这个月(账单上)多了10美元。bill账单;price价格;value价值。故选A。
A
( )8. [2019·云南改编] The earth is often called the ocean planet. Its surface is 70 percent ______.
A. land B. planets C. water
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:地球通常被称为海洋行星。它的表面70%是水。land陆地;planets星球;water水。故选C。
C
( )9. [贵港改编] — The air is very fresh in our city. There is less ______ than before.
— Yes. The government has taken action to protect the environment.
A. wood B. pollution
C. noise
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——我们城市的空气非常清新。比以前的污染更少了。——是的,政府已采取行动来保护环境。wood木头;pollution污染;noise噪音。故选B。
B
( )10. [南通改编] High speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ______ of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements
C. Environments
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:高铁被视为中国新四大成就之一。achievement成就;agreement同意;environment 环境。故选A。
A
( )11. [镇江改编] When I think of the worried ______ of foreign students who are learning Chinese, I can go to study English calmly.
A. looks B. designs C. efforts
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:当我想到学习汉语的外国学生焦虑的表情时,我就能够冷静地去学英语了。look表情,相貌;design设计;effort努力。故选A。
A
( )12. [2021·东营改编] It's not a good ______ for students to go online just for answers to homework.
A. skill B. game C. habit
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:对学生来说,上网仅仅是为了查作业的答案不是一个好习惯。skill技能;技巧;game游戏;比赛;habit习惯。故选C。
C
( )13. [东营改编] — Mom, which is the better ______ for me, a senior high school or a vocational (职业的) high school
— Either is OK. It's up to your future plan.
A. choice B. result C. experience
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——妈妈,对我来说普通高中和职业高中,哪一个是更好的选择?——哪一个都行。这要根据你未来的规划而定。choice选择;result结果;experience经历;经验。故选A。
A
( )14. [2019·天水改编] After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took ______ rest.
A. a few minute's B. a little minute's
C. a few minutes'
【解析】 考查名词所有格和不定代词。句意:踢了半个多小时的足球后,学生们休息了几分钟。a few修饰可数名词的复数,其所有格形式在minutes后加“'”。故选C。
C
( )15. [湘西] — What would you like to eat
— Some______, please.
A. bread B. carrot C. teas
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——你想吃什么?——请给我些面包。some作形容词,修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数。bread不可数名词,面包;carrot可数名词,胡萝卜;tea不可数名词,茶。故选A。
A
( )16. [2020·宿迁改编] — Anna, how does the dress look on me
— To tell you the ______, it doesn't fit you well.
trade B. trust
C. truth
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——安娜,我穿这条裙子好看吗?——说实话,它并不是非常地适合你。tell the truth说实话,固定短语。故选C。
C
( )17. [2021重庆B改编] We have wider ______ in our village, so we can go out more easily now.
A. houses B. roads C. schools
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:我们村里的路更宽了,所以我们现在外出更容易了。house房子;road道路;school学校。故选B。
B
( )18. [2021·兰州改编]If the temperature is below 0℃, water will turn into ______ in the open air.
A. ice B. steam C. fog
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:如果气温是零度以下,在户外水就会变成冰。ice冰;steam水蒸气;蒸汽;fog雾。根据句意并结合常识可知气温零度以下,水就会变成冰。故选A。
A
( )19. [2021·连云港改编] US scientist Edward T. Hall said that in a conversation between two people, 65% of ______ is done through body language.
A. application B. pronunciation
C. communication
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:美国科学家Edward T. Hall 说过在两个人的谈话中,有65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。application申请;pronunciation发音;introduction介绍;communication交流。故选C。
C
( )20. [2021·毕节改编] Jane is very thirsty, so she needs some ______.
A. water B. bread C. cakes
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:Jane非常渴,所以她需要一些水。water水;bread面包;cake蛋糕。故选A。
A
( )21. [2019·哈尔滨] Tim got four ______ from his relatives on Children's Day.
A. toy B. toys C. toies
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:在六一儿童节那天,Tim从他亲戚那里得到了四个玩具。four修饰可数名词的复数形式,toy的复数为toys。故选B。
B
( )22. [2019·福建] — What should we do for the camping trip
— We'd better make a ______ of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on.
A. list B. card C. report
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——我们应该为这次野营旅游做些什么?——我们最好列个清单,像食物、饮料、药物等等。make a list意为“列个清单”,符合句意。故选A。
A
( )23. [2021·武汉改编] — Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying
— It is to the ______. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A. customers B. passengers C. members
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——爸爸,广播正在说什么?——是说给乘客的。飞往武汉的航班正在登机。customer顾客;passenger旅客,乘客;memeber成员。故选B。
B
( )24. [2百色改编]There are two beautiful ______ in the picture.
A. womans B. women C. woman
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:照片里有两位漂亮的女人。woman的复数是women。故选B。
B
( )25. [2019·咸宁改编] — Creative morning ______ are popular in our school.
— Yes, we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie (卡路里).
A. exams B. exercises C. examples
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——创意晨练在我们学校很流行。 ——不错。我们跟着像歌曲《卡路里》这样欢快的音乐跳舞。exam考试;exercise运动,早操;example例子。morning exercises早操。故选B。
B
( )26. [2021·龙东改编]Please read the ______ before you take the medicine.
A. introduction B. explanation
C. instruction
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:请在吃药前看看说明。introduction介绍; explanation解释; instruction说明。故选C。
C
( )27. [2019·襄阳] — She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition.
— I'm proud of her. I wish her a great ______.
A. speed B. method C. success
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——她要参加诗歌比赛的决赛。——我以她为荣,我希望她成功。speed 速度;method 方法;success成功。故选C。
C
( )28. [2021·宜昌改编] — Time past can not be called back again.
— Yes. Wasting time is a ______.
A. pressure B. fairness C. shame
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意:——时间一去不复返。——是的,浪费时间是一件可耻的事。pressure压力;fairness公平;shame羞耻。故选C。
C
( )29. [2021·北部湾改编] The woman in a hat is ______ aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack's and John
C. Jack and John's
【解析】 考查名词所有格。句意:这个戴帽子的女士是杰克和约翰的婶婶。由The woman和aunt可知指一个人,两个人共同拥有,直接在最后一个名词后加 's。故选C。
C
( )30. [广东改编] The three ______ upstairs are too small to have enough ______ for a double bed.
A. room; room B. room; rooms
C. rooms; room
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意:楼上的三个房间都太小了,以至于没有足够的空间容纳一张双人床。three后跟可数名词rooms表示“房间”,而room表示“空间”时为不可数名词。故选C。
C
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. [2021·临沂] In America, 95% of pet owners think of their animals as family . . (member).
2. [宿迁] It will be a good . . (choose) to take the high speed train to Yancheng from Suqian next year.
3. [龙东] The firemen who put out the forest fires bravely are the modern . . (hero).
4. [2021·鄂州改编] The . . (die) of my dog made me sad.
5. [2021·无锡] We' ve all got both light and dark inside us. What . . (matter) is the part we choose to act on. That's who we really are.
members
choice
heroes
death
matters