中考英语二轮语法知识点精讲全练 第7单元 动词和动词短语 课件

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名称 中考英语二轮语法知识点精讲全练 第7单元 动词和动词短语 课件
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(共87张PPT)
第二轮 语法专项复习
第7单元 动词和动词短语
考 点 检 索
考 点 梳 理
课 时 作 业
参 考 答 案
考 点 检 索
考 点 梳 理
动词的分类
 1.实义动词
实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,是能在句中独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词;延续性动词和非延续性动词。
(1)及物动词。及物动词后可直接跟宾语,根椐所跟宾语的情况,分为以下三类。
(2)不及物动词。不能直接加宾语,若需要加宾语,其后必须加介词。如:look at (朝……看), listen to (听……),worry about (担心),belong to (属于)等。
(3)延续性动词和非延续性动词
2.助动词
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外,还可以用来构成否定句、疑问句或强调句等句型。具体用法见下表。
【注意】 will, would, shall, should除了表示单纯的将来时外,更多的是用作情态动词。
【闪记】 助动词用法歌诀
时态、人称、疑问、否,be, do, have, will不可少。
现在分词表进行,离开be事难成。
被动语态若少它,时态、人称意不达。
若要构成完成时,have, had来标志。
一般疑问句,助动词放到句首去。
变否定,也简单,助动词后not添。
3. 系动词
 【闪记】 be动词用法歌诀
我(I)用am你(you)用are, is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);
单数名词用is,遇到复数全用are;
变疑问,be提前,句末要把问号添;
变否定,很容易,be后加not就可以;
疑问、否定任你变,句首大写莫忘记。
☆【典题链接】
( )1. [辽阳改编] It's impolite to ______ your teachers' office without knocking at the door.
A. describe B. check C. enter
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:不敲门进入老师的办公室是不礼貌的。describe描述; check检查;enter进入。故选C。
C
( )2. [海南改编] — Would you please ______ your e mail address I missed it just now.
— No problem. It's fox@163com.
A. repeat B. review C. record
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——你可以再重复一下你的电子邮箱吗?我刚刚忘记了。——没问题。是fox@163com。repeat重复;review复习;record记录。故选A。
A
( )3. [2021·福建A卷]— Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs
— Yes, the folk songs ______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——你喜欢中国民歌吗?——是的,民歌听起来不错。欣赏歌曲需要用耳朵听。sound 听起来;smell闻起来;look看起来。故选A。
A
( )4. [2021·北部湾经济区改编]The strawberries ______ delicious. You can have a try.
A. eat B. drink C. taste
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:这些草莓尝起来很美味,你可以试试。eat吃;drink喝; taste尝起来。只有“尝起来”符合题意,故选C。
( )5. [2021·黔南改编]The soup would ______ better with more salt.
A. eat B. sound C. taste
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:这碗汤如果再多加些盐会尝起来更美味。eat吃;sound听起来;taste尝起来。结合句意可知空格处应填taste。故选C。
C
C
  动词的基本形式
1. 动词原形
2. 一般现在时的第三人称单数的变化规则
 3.动词 ing形式的变化规则
初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变动词 ing形式的动词有: shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等。
【闪记】 现在分词构成歌诀
现在分词用途多,进行时态不可缺。
它的构成很好记,动词后面加 ing。
词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题。
一辅重读闭音节,末尾字母要双写。
最后一点要注意,ie改y加 ing。
4.动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化
有些动词变过去式和过去分词时并不遵循以上规律,其主要分为以下几种。
☆【典题链接】
( )6. [2021·河北改编] Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else ______ so well.
A. sings B. sang C. will sing
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:盖理是我们班最好的歌手,没其他人唱歌有他那么好。根据is知,应用一般现在时态。故选A。
A
( )7. [2021·黄石改编] If I ______ a two week holiday next year, I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.
A. took B. take C. will take
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:如果我明年休两周假,我将参加北京大学的短期游学。if(如果)引导条件状语从句时,当主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。故选B。
B
( )8. [绥化] He ______ his grandparents in the countryside last week.
A. visits B. visit C. visited
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:上周他去看望了农村的爷爷奶奶。根据last week可知时态是一般过去时。故选C。
( )9. [上海改编] Look! They ______ about the solution to the network problems again.
A. argue B. are arguing C. argued
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:看!他们又在争论网络问题的解决办法。根据Look可知,argue这一动作正在发生,用现在进行时。故选B。
C
B
( )10. [辽阳改编] Luckily, I arrived home before it ______.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:幸运的是,下雨之前我回到了家。下雨这个动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。故选C。
C
( )11. [莱芜改编] It is 4:30 pm. Ben and Leon ______ their work, so they are playing chess now.
A. finish B. finished
C. have finished
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意:现在是下午4:30。本和利昂已经完成了工作,所以他们现在在下棋。结合语境,此处强调动作产生的影响,用现在完成时。故选C。
C
动词短语
1.动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,常见的动词短语类型有:
 2.常见动词短语
☆【典题链接】
( )12. [2021·徐州改编] Every time Tom is late, he'll ______ an excuse. So I wonder what his excuse is this time.
A. set up B. put up C. make up
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:每当汤姆迟到时, 他就会找借口。所以我想知道他这次的借口是什么。set up建立;put up举起;张贴;搭建;make up编造。故选C。
C
( )13. [2021·沈阳改编] Last week, some students ______an English play at Rosie Bridge School.
A. put out B. put away C. put on
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:上周,一些学生在Rosie Bridge学校上演了一部英文戏剧。put out扑灭;put away放好;put on穿上;上演。故选C。
C
( )14. [2021·贵港改编]— Many wild animals are in great danger.
— Let's ______ to save them.
A. take off B. take down
C. take action
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——许多野生动物濒临灭绝。——让我们采取行动拯救它们吧。take off脱下,起飞;take down记下;take action采取行动。故选C。
C
( )15. [2021·河南改编] — Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
— Pay no attention to him. He is just ______
A. taking off B. showing off
C. driving off
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——杰克见人就说他买了一辆新车。——别理他。他只是在炫耀。take off起飞;show off 炫耀;drive off赶走,击退。根据句意选B。
B
( )16. [2021·扬州改编] We should stop ______ fireworks to reduce pollution.
A. getting off B. turning off
C. setting off
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:为了减少污染,我们应该停止燃放烟花。动词短语set off和fireworks构成动宾关系,表示“燃放鞭炮”。get off 下车;turn off关掉,都与句意不符。故选C。
C
易错盘点
“动词+副词”构成的短语,宾语是名词时,名词放在副词的前后皆可;宾语是代词时,代词放在动词和副词之间。如:
Please put up this picture. = Please put this picture up. 请把这幅图片挂起来。
Here is a picture. Please put it up. 这儿有一幅图片。请把它挂起来。
☆【典题链接】
( )17. [2021·乌鲁木齐改编] — I'd like to buy a new oven.
— The ones over there sell well. You can ______ one by one to have a try.
A. turn on it B. turn it on
C. turn them on
【解析】 考查代词和“动词+副词”构成的短语的用法。句意:——我想要买一个新炉子。——那边的那些卖得很好。你可以一个个地打开试试。turn on打开,是“动词+副词”结构的短语,宾语为代词时必须放在turn和on之间。故选C。
C
18. 买毛衣前,你最好试穿一下。(汉译英)
. . . .
You'd better try it.on before you buy a sweater
课 时 作 业
一、单项填空
( )1. [2021·襄阳改编] — What does Huawei's newest smart phone look like
— It's wonderful! You can ______ it in half just like closing a book.
A. hand B. pass C. fold
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——华为最新的智能手机是什么样子的?——太棒了!你可以把它对折,就像合上一本书一样。hand交,递给;pass传递; fold折叠。故选C。
C
( )2. [2021·孝感改编] Hurry up! We're late. I don't want to ______the start of the film.
A. catch B. get C. miss
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:快点!我们晚了。我不想错过电影的开头。catch赶上,抓住;get得到;miss错过,想念。根据句意选C。
( )3. [2021·泰州改编] After the terrible explosion(爆炸) in Xiangshui, Yancheng, many people from cities around came to hospitals to ______ blood.
A. devote B. create C. donate
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:在盐城市响水发生可怕的爆炸后,许多来自周边城市的人来到医院献血。devote致力于;create创造;donate捐献。故选C。
C
C
( )4. [2021·无锡改编] — I'm going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don't ______.
— Not at all. Go ahead.
A. care B. agree C. mind
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——如果你不介意的话,我打算在沙拉里加入一些番茄酱。——没关系。放吧。care在乎;关心; agree同意;mind介意。故选C。
C
( )5. [2021·莱芜改编]Anna is preparing for the coming exam, so she has to ______ the invitation to the party.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:安娜正在为即将到来的考试做准备,因此她不得不拒绝这次聚会的邀请。 turn on打开;turn down拒绝;turn off关掉。根据“preparing for the coming exam”可知:为了备考,不得不拒绝参加聚会。故选B。
B
( )6. [2021·铜仁改编]— Can I help you
— The pants look very nice. Can I ______?
A. try it on B. try them on
C. try on them
【解析】 考查代词和动词短语的用法。句意:——有什么可以帮助你的吗?——这条长裤看起来很漂亮。我可以试穿它们吗?用them代指pants;动副结构的短语try on接代词作宾语时,代词需要放在动副结构中间。故选B。
B
( )7. [2021·江西改编] You'll have to ______ the books because there aren't enough for everyone.
A. pack B. sell C. share
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:你们得分享这些书,因为没有足够的书给每个人。pack包装;sell卖; share分享。故选C。
C
( )8. [2021·安徽改编] — Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you
— Yes. I'd like to ______ a single room for two nights.
A. enter B. move C. book
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——你好,这是北京饭店,请问有什么需要帮助的?——有,我想预订一个单人房间两晚。enter进入;move搬动;book预订。故选C。
C
( )9. [2021·东营改编] — The sale of oil fueled vehicles (燃油车) will be stopped in Hainan province by 2030.
— Well, it will help ______ the environment.
A. improve B. study C. pollute
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——到2030年为止,在海南省将停止销售燃油车。——哦,它将帮助改善环境。improve提高;改善;study学习;pollute污染。故选A。
A
( )10. [2021·铜仁改编]— How do you ______ the yellow car
— It's very cute.
A. think B. like C. think of
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你认为这辆黄色的小汽车怎么样?——它很可爱。What do you think of sth. = How do you like sth. 你觉得……怎么样?故选B。
B
( )11. [2021·云南改编]We can ______ some information about this city on the Internet.
A. look up B. look like C. look after
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们可以在网上查询一些关于这所城市的信息。look up查阅;look like 看起来像;look after照顾,照看。故选A。
A
( )12. [抚顺改编] Not only Chinese kids but also western kids ______ Journey to the West.
A. are famous for B. are afraid of
C. are interested in
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:不但中国的孩子们,而且还有西方的孩子们都对《西游记》感兴趣。be famous for因……而出名;be afraid of害怕……;be interested in对……感兴趣。故选C。
C
( )13. [北部湾经济区改编] ______ the map and tell me where Shanghai is.
A. Look around B. Look like
C. Look at
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:看看地图,告诉我上海在哪里。look around看看周围;look like看起来像;look at看着。只有look at合适。故选C。
C
( )14. [2019·铁岭改编] My cousin volunteers in the Children's Home. His job is to ______ food and clothes.
A. sell out B. work out
C. hand out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我堂兄在儿童之家做志愿者。他的工作是分发食物和衣服。sell out卖完;work out解决,算出;hand out分发。故选C。
C
( )15. [2021·常州改编]— Manager, all the machines ______just now!
— What Call the engineer at once.
A. broke down B. turned down
C. broke out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——经理,刚才所有机器都坏了!——什么?赶紧给工程师打电话。break down出故障;坏掉;turn down调小声音;break out打断;闯入。根据语境可知A项符合题意。
A
( )16. [2019·云南] — What's up, Lisa
— I have to hand in the report tomorrow, but I can't ______ anything to write.
A. talk of B. think of
C. speak of
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——丽莎,怎么了?——我明天必须上交报告,但是我想不出写什么。talk of谈到,说到;think of想到;speak of说到。故选B。
B
( )17. [2021·本溪改编]— When will the plane ______?
— At 2:00 this afternoon.
A. cut off B. put off C. take off 【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:—— 飞机什么时候起飞?—— 今天下午两点钟。cut off切断,中断;put off推迟,阻止; take off起飞,脱掉。根据答语可知,是询问飞机“起飞”的时间,故选C。
C
( )18. [曲靖改编]When the best singer in our class ______, everyone shouted with excitement.
A. looked up B. put up C. showed up
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:当我们班上最好的歌手出现时,每个人都兴奋地喊叫起来。look up仰视,查找;put up张贴,搭建;show up出现,露面。故选C。
C
( )19. [2021·包头改编]I know what you are thinking about. I can ______ your mind from the look on your face.
A. stay B. spare C. read
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:我知道你在想什么。我可以从你脸上的表情读懂你的想法。stay待,保持;spare节省,抽出;read阅读,读懂,理解。根据句意可知选C。
C
( )20. [2021·贵港改编] — I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake.
— Yes. The doctor had to ______ his right leg to save him.
A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——我听说在地震中保罗受伤很严重。——是这样的。医生为了拯救他不得不把他的右腿截肢。cut up切开,切碎;cut out剪裁,剪下;cut off切除,切断。故选C。
C
( )21. [2021·日照改编]The high speed train will ______ you about two hours from Rizhao to Jinan
A. save B. pay C. use
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:从日照去济南的高铁将为你节省大约两个小时。save节省,节约;pay支付,付款;use使用。故选A。
A
( )22. [2021·玉林] — Students' life shouldn't just be about grades. Free time activities like sports and ______ with friends are important, too.
— I think so.
A. hanging out B. handing out
C. taking out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——学生的生活不应该仅仅是分数。像运动和朋友一起闲逛等闲暇活动也很重要。——我也是这样认为的。hang out闲逛;hand out散发;take out去除,带出去。故选A。
A
( )23. [2019·南通] Some jazz musicians are great because they can ______ music while playing.
A. put up B. set up C. make up
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析 句意:一些爵士音乐家非常了不起,因为他们在演奏的同时能编写音乐。put up 张贴,搭起;set up 建立,创建;make up编造,构成。故选C。
C
( )24. [2019·包头改编] Everything from how we cook meat to what we eat for dinner can ______ our brain health.
A. take pride in B. have an interest in
C. play a role in
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:从我们怎样煮肉到我们晚餐吃什么,这所有的一切都对我们的大脑健康有影响。take pride in因……自豪; have an interest in 对……感兴趣;play a role in发挥作用,在……扮演角色。故选C。
C
( )25. [2021·阜康米泉改编]— Why were you late for school this morning
— Because my alarm clock didn't go off and I ______.
A. changed B. completed C. overslept
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意:——今天早晨你为什么上学迟到了?——因为我的闹钟没有响,我睡过头了。change改变;complete完成;oversleep睡得太久,睡过头。结合句意,应选C。
C
( )26. [2019·株洲] She will ______ the silk dress and wear it.
A. put away B. put up C. put on
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:她将穿上真丝裙并就这么穿着它。put away放好;put up举起;建造;put on穿上;上演;增加。故选C。
( )27. [2019·眉山] — What's the meaning of “One Belt One Road”?
— Let me ______ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look up
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你知道“一带一路”什么意思吗?——让我在新字典中查阅这些单词。look at看一看;look for寻找;look up查阅。故选C。
C
C
( )28. [2019·扬州改编] — Honey, come and help me ______ the picture of balloons from the magazine.
— OK, Granny. I'm coming.
A. carry out B. work out C. cut out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——亲爱的,过来帮我从杂志上剪下气球的图片。——好的,奶奶。我来了。carry out 执行;work out计算出,解决;cut out剪出。故选C。
C
( )29. [2021·包头改编]Terry, ______ from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.
A. look up B. look around
C. look down
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:Terry,当你爸爸和你说话的时候,从你的手机上抬起头来。 look up向上看,查找;look around四下张望;look down俯视,向下看。根据语境可知选A。
A
( )30. [2021·武汉改编] — Why were you shouting at Tom
— I told him to be quiet, but he ______ talking.
A. joined in B. ended up C. kept on
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你为什么向汤姆大喊呢?——我告诉过他要安静,但是他还继续说话。keep on doing sth.“继续/一直做某事”。故选C。
C
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. [2019·天津]上周,我的朋友大卫带着一本新书到我家来访。
Last week, my friend David . . with a new book.
2. [2019·宿迁改编]你能告诉我何时上交我的英文报告吗?
Could you tell me when to . . my English report
came around
hand in
3. [常州改编]他当时别无选择只能放弃那份工作。
He had no choice but to . . the job then.
4. [本溪改编]政府鼓励我们科学地处理垃圾。
The government encourages us to . . rubbish in a scientific way.
5. [抚顺改编]弗兰克想出了这个好主意。
Frank . . this good idea.
give up
deal with
thought of