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广东省深圳市新安县2021-2022学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
In the long history of humans, women's stories have often been overlooked. Yet as modern society has allowed women to speak for themselves, more and more women are standing up to choose how to live their lives. Here are five powerful films that just might inspire you to re-imagine what it means to be a woman.
Hi, Mom (2021)
Directed by Chinese comedian Jia Ling, this heartwarming comedy, about a woman who accidentally meets her mother during time travel, became a hit with audiences this year, leading the mainland box office right after Chinese New Year.
Leap (2020)
This 2020 film about the Chinese national women's volleyball team presents their history from 1981, when they won the women's World Cup, to the year 2016. Actress Gong Li stars as the legendary volleyball player Lang Ping, and Peter Chen from Hong Kong is the director.
Coco Avant Chanel (2009)
The life of Coco Chanel serves as a guide to all women wishing to establish their own careers. Audrey Tautou famous for her iconic performance in Amelie, stars as the glorious French fashion designer. It is French director Anne Fontaine's most famous film.
The Joy Luck Club (1993)
Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US. Their conflicts also reflect the collision between traditional Chinese culture and American culture.
The Story of Qiu Ju (1992)
Directed by Zhang Yimou, the 1992 film describes a peasant woman Qiu Ju who lives in a rural area of China and fights for justice. It is a screen adaptation of writer Chen Yuanbin's novel The Wan Family's Lawsuit.
1．Why does the author select the above 5 movies
A．To arouse attention to women
B．To speak highly of great mothers
C．To support women's fight for equal rights
D．To introduce the history of women movies.
2．How does Coco Avant Chanel differ from the other 4 movies
A．It inspired a lot of women
B．It is set in a foreign country.
C．Its actress became world-famous for her role.
D．Its director has a different culture background.
3．Which film concerns generation gap
A．Hi, Mom B．Leap
C．The Joy Luck Club D．The Story of Qiu Ju
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
Cooking with steam is of
great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the
original flavors in the ingredients.
Vegetables are healthy and full of fiber, and steaming is a quick way to cook them without using much oil. Chinese cabbage is a perfect vegetable to steam: crunchy, tender, less fibrous and mildly sweet. The tender cabbage can be steamed directly with a simple sauce consisting of garlic paste, soy sauce and sugar. Root vegetables like sweet potatoes are also great for steaming. They can be cut into thick sticks or slices and then steamed until the center becomes soft. Thin pieces of carrots, fresh sophora flowers (槐花) can be coated with dry flour and then steamed. This quick dish is usually served with a garlic paste and vinegar sauce.
Steaming fish, shrimp and
crabs, is all about preserving the original taste, so freshness is the absolute
No. 1 rule when we shop for seafood to be steamed. For fine foods from a river,
lake or sea, they must be freshly caught the day you buy them. Frozen fish is
seldom steamed directly, because there can be a stronger fishy smell and taste.
With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is
packed with slices of ginger and scallions (姜和葱) that can neutralize
the fishiness. It's then placed in a steamer that has been preheated to boil,
and cooked for 8 to 10 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The final
step is to place scallions on top of the steamed fish. Then, in a small pot,
heat up some oil and pour it across the body of the fish to help the flavor
release. Next, drizzle (浇) a couple spoons of seasoned
soy sauce for seafood around the plate and serve. When eating the fish, it's
best to dip it in the sauce for the sweet taste.
4．What is the advantage of steaming according to the passage
A．Low cost. B．Sweet taste.
C．Shining appearance. D．Original flavor.
5．What may the underlined word "neutralize" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Waste. B．Add. C．Reduce. D．Gain.
6．What is the right order of making steamed fish according to the passage
①Clean the fish. ②Steam the fish. ③Drizzle some sauce.
④Pour some hot oil onto the fish. ⑤Pack the fish with some ginger and scallions.
A．①②③④⑤ B．①④⑤②③ C．①⑤④③② D．①⑤②④③
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Cooking meals with steam.
B．Cooking seafood in a new way.
C．Advantages of cooking with steam.
D．Tips for cooking some delicious dishes.
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch, neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.
Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors
while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate
as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by
late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given
chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of
44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while
viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.
If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster, "Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."
Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in
the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感) center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full. If it is inhibited(抑制) or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns, he said.
People who cook spaghetti
all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day, "said
Hirsch," By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the
hypothalamus."
Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell. Researchers say these sensory clues, in addition to inner body changes, mark satiety.
But when distracted, a
person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full,
or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
Many studies have linked
being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity,
Hirsch said. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.
"If you want to lose
weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.
8．When Hirsch conducted the research, he______.
A．evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste.
B．measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate.
C．analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs.
D．counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs.
9．According to the research, when will you feel full faster
A．When we are distracted.
B．When we focus on how the food tastes.
C．When we are watching entertaining programs.
D．When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating.
10．Why does the author mention "People who cooks paghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day"
A．It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhibited.
B．It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.
C．It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don' like eating spaghetti.
D．It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.
11．What is the main purpose of the article
A．To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity.
B．To reveal the relationship between TV programs and eating behaviors.
C．To explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.
D．To find how sensory characteristics of the food affects people's feelings of eating.
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
Primary teachers are responsible for guiding children through the formation of many important life skills, and also watching over their students' social development. Primary teachers come into contact with about 30 students every day, and teach them a variety of subjects. Many hours are spent before and after class on planning, preparation and correction. One should be a very patient, caring, yet firm person to be able to deal with the demands of children in the four to twelve-year-old age group.
Secondary teachers teach specific subjects to various groups of students. Just like primary teachers, they spend an amount of time planning and preparing lessons and correcting homework—their duties are not restricted to face-to-face teaching. Dealing with twelve to eighteen-year-olds requires a wide range of skills.
If you become a primary teacher, you will need to decided whether to be a "generalist (多面手)", teaching a wide range of subjects, or a "specialist", teaching only one or two. Most primary teachers are specialists. Generalist teachers spend the greatest part of their day with one class, which means that they spend more time with the same children. Specialist teachers have more time away from their students. It is therefore very important for generalist teachers to develop a strong working relationship with their students.
The unique rapport (和谐) you can develop with a particular set of students is one of
teaching's greatest pleasures. However, the disadvantage of primary teaching is
that if you have a difficult student, you will be forced to deal with him or
her, all day, every day, throughout the school year. Teachers need to work out
strategies to get themselves and their students through such difficulties.
Primary teachers today are generally
four-year trained. They usually do a three or four-year undergraduate degree,
and if this degree does not include teacher training, they will have to
undertake postgraduate study in education as well.
12．After class primary teachers usually .
A．Come into contact with students
B．Teach students a variety of subjects
C．Deal with the demands of children
D．Make planning, preparation and correction
13．What does the third paragraph mainly discuss
A．What a primary teacher needs to do in the classroom.
B．The differences between generalist and specialist teaching.
C．How a primary teacher should try his best in the school.
D．The relationship between the primary teachers and students.
14．We can learn from this passage that .
A．A primary teacher needs a wide range of skills
B．The disadvantage of primary teaching is having difficult students
C．Teacher training is not important for a primary teacher
D．Secondary teachers mainly teach children two subjects
15．The author writes the article in order to .
A．Tell teachers how primary teachers guide students
B．Tell teachers what you should do as a primary teacher
C．Let readers know more about primary teachers
D．Let readers know how to be a primary teacher
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 16． His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 17． I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 18．
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 19． I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
20． My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Chloe Smith is a 6-year-old. girl from Atlanta, Georgia.
One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home, she 21． something shiny under a pile of rubbish. She
picked up the 22． to take home, as she often did on her
treasure-hunting walks. Chloe was later 23． to discover she had found a stolen
Olympic gold medal.
The medal belonged to former canoeist (划艇运动员)Joe Jacobi, who won gold while 24． for Team USA in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic games. The medal, along with other personal belongings, was 25． in May of 2016 when someone broke into Jacobi's can Though police managed to , 26． some of his stolen items, they hadn't been able to find his 27． Olympic medal. It may have been lost forever, if not for a 6-year-old girl's treasure--hunting 28． .
Chloe's dad had seen Jacobi's story on the news, and 29． realized it was his stolen property. He found
Jacobi's email and sent him pictures of the treasure. After 30． the medal, Jacobi was astonished, just
speechless.
Chloe was 31． to give it back after speaking with Jacobi on the phone. 32． , Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall. The 33． of this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession is 34． .When we talk about character and doing the 35． thing, Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word.
21．A．sought B．buried C．noticed D．dropped
22．A．waste B．object C．material D．antique
23．A．embarrassed B．satisfied C．frightened D．shocked
24．A．competing B．applying C．coaching D．preparing
25．A．broken B．stolen C．replaced D．deserted
26．A．purchase B．register C．preserve D．recover
27．A．secured B．prized C．advertised D．priced
28．A．project B．decision C．habit D．idea
29．A．quickly B．gradually C．really D．carefully
30．A．identifying B．obtaining C．evaluating D．investigating
31．A．sorry B．eager C．upset D．hesitant
32．A．In addition B．In
fact C．In return D．In advance
33．A．purpose B．report C．attempt D．story
34．A．heart-warming B．breath-taking C．eye-catching D．life-changing
35．A．important B．simple C．interesting D．right
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
TCM is short for Traditional Chinese Medicine. TCM, which has a history of more than 2,500 years in China, 36． (play) a big role in treating patients infected with COVID-19 so far. Let's look at 37． it works. TCM cannot kill the virus, 38． it can treat patients by removing the trash which causes illness out of human body. 39． the trash, the virus will have no room to survive.
In early February, 102 mild patients in Wuhan received therapy with Jinhua Qinggan Granule(颗粒). As 40． result, it took only one and a half days for most patients taking it
41． (reduce) fever. An experiment of 710 cases 42． (conduct) by over 30 hospitals showed the Xuebijing Injection(注射剂), combined with regular 43． (treat), can reduce the morality rate of severe patients by 8.8 percent.
44． (basic), TCM is believed to be more effective for disease prevention, while western medicine is 45． (good) for serious illnesses.
五、应用文写作（满分15分）
46．（2022高一下·深圳开学考）假如你是校英文报主编，最近校报拟开设"我身边的英雄"栏目。请根据如下提示写一则征稿启事
内容包括：1）开设目的
2）稿件要求
3）投稿方式和截至日期
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．C
【考点】推理判断题；观点态度题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五部引起对女性的关注的电影。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Here are five powerful films that just might inspire you to re-imagine what it means to be a woman.”下面是五部有影响力的电影，它们可能会激发你重新想象作为一个女人意味着什么。可知，作者选择了以上5部电影来引起对女性的关注。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据Hi, Mom (2021)部分中的“Directed by Chinese comedian Jia Ling”由中国喜剧演员贾玲执导；Leap (2020)部分中的“Peter Chen from Hong Kong is the director”来自香港的Peter Chen是导演；Coco Avant Chanel (2009)部分中的“It is French director Anne Fontaine’s most famous film.”这是法国导演安妮·方丹最著名的电；The Joy Luck Club (1993)部分中的“Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US.”电影改编自同名小说《喜福会》，中国导演王颖讲述了四个在美国出生和生活的中国妇女和她们的女儿的故事；以及The Story of Qiu Ju (1992)部分中的“Directed by Zhang Yimou, the 1992 film describes a peasant woman Qiu Ju who lives in a rural area of China and fights for justice.”这部1992年的电影由张艺谋执导，讲述了中国农村的一位名叫秋菊的农妇为正义而战的故事。可知，其它几部电影都是由中国导演执导，Coco Avant Chanel的导演来自法国。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据The Joy Luck Club (1993)部分中的“Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US.”电影改编自同名小说《喜福会》，中国导演王颖讲述了四个在美国出生和生活的中国妇女和她们的女儿的故事。可知，The Joy Luck Club关注代沟问题。故选C。
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．D
7．A
【考点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国保持原汁原味的烹饪方式——用蒸的方式。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Cooking with steam is of great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the original flavors in the ingredients.”用蒸的方式烹饪在中国烹饪中非常重要。这是在配料中保持原有风味的最佳方法之一。可知根据短文蒸的好处是原汁原味。故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is packed with slices of ginger and scallions (姜和葱) that can neutralize the fishiness. ”在去除所有内脏和鳞片并清除血液后，鱼中装满了可以neutralize鱼腥味的姜片和葱片。根据常识，洗干净去除了有内脏和鳞片的鱼中装满了姜片和葱片可以中和鱼腥味，C选项Reduce（减少）符合题意。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is packed with slices of ginger and scallions that can neutralize the fishiness. It's then placed in a steamer that has been preheated to boil, and cooked for 8 to 10 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The final step is to place scallions on top of the steamed fish. Then, in a small pot, heat up some oil and pour it across the body of the fish to help the flavor release. Next, drizzle (浇) a couple spoons of seasoned soy sauce for seafood around the plate and serve. When eating the fish, it's best to dip it in the sauce for the sweet taste.”在去除所有内脏和鳞片并清除血液后，鱼中装满可以中和鱼腥味的姜片和葱片。然后将其放入蒸笼中，蒸笼预热至沸腾，根据鱼的大小烹调8至10分钟。最后一步是把葱放在蒸鱼上面。然后，在一个小锅里，加热一些油，把它倒在鱼身上，帮助释放味道。接下来是在盘子周围浇上几勺海鲜调味酱油，即可食用。吃鱼时，最好把它蘸在酱汁里，以尝到甜味。可知正确的顺序是①（把鱼洗干净。）⑤（在鱼里放些姜和葱。）②（蒸鱼。）④（在鱼上倒些热油。）③（淋些酱汁。）。故选D。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Cooking with steam is of great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the original flavors in the ingredients.”（用蒸的方式烹饪在中国烹饪中非常重要。这是在配料中保持原有风味的最佳方法之一；以及第二段中的“Vegetables are healthy and full of fiber, and steaming is a quick way to cook them without using much oil.”蔬菜是健康的，富含纤维，蒸煮是一种不用太多油的快速烹饪方法。第三段讲述了蒸鱼的正确顺序，可知这篇文章最好的标题是用蒸的方式做饭。故选A。
【答案】8．B
9．B
10．D
11．C
【考点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption.”赫希博士通过测量薯片的摄入量，研究了看电视对嗅觉、味觉和饮食行为的影响。可知，当赫希进行这项研究时，他测量了志愿者吃薯片的量。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster”如果你把注意力集中在食物的味道上，你会吃得更少，因为你会更快地感到吃饱。可知，当我们把注意集中在食物的味道上时，我们会更容易感到吃饱。故选B。
10．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核)in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感)center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full.”下丘脑腹内侧核，也就是所谓的饱腹中枢所在的位置，会告诉身体它是饿了还是饱了；以及第七段“‘People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day,’said Hirsch,‘ By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus.’”赫希说：“那些整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面了，整天暴露在一种气味中会欺骗下丘脑。”可知，整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面，是因为气味“告诉”下丘脑，身体已经吃饱了。故选D。
11．考查推理判断。根据第一段“People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.”一项最新研究表明，人们在全神贯注看电视时吃得更多，而且节目越有趣，吃得越多。和下文内容可知，文章主要解释看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。故选C。
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．B
15．C
【考点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小学教师的工作内容、职责以及工作中会遇到的困难等。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题和段落大意题，是一篇教育类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Many hours are spent before and after class on planning, preparation and correction.”课前和课后花了很多时间来计划、准备和纠正。可知，课后，小学教师通常要进行计划、准备和纠正。故选D。
13．考查段落大意。根据第三段“If you become a primary teacher, you will need to decide whether to be a ‘generalist’, teaching a wide range of subjects, or a ‘specialist’, teaching only one or two. Most primary teachers are specialists. Generalist teachers spend the greatest part of their day with one class, which means that they spend more time with the same children. Specialist teachers have more time away from their students. It is therefore very important for generalist teachers to develop a strong working relationship with their students.”如果你成为一名小学教师，你需要决定是当一名“多面手”，教授广泛的学科，还是当一名“专家”，只教授一两个学科。大多数小学教师都是专家。多面手老师每天大部分时间都和一个班在一起，这意味着他们和同样的孩子在一起的时间更多。专业教师有更多的时间离开学生。因此，多面手教师与学生建立牢固的工作关系是非常重要的。可知，第三段主要讨论通才教学和专才教学的区别。故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the disadvantage of primary teaching is that if you have a difficult student, you will be forced to deal with him or her, all day, every day, throughout the school year.”然而，小学教学的缺点是，如果你有一个难相处的学生，你将被迫与他或她打交道，一整天，每天，整个学年。可知，小学教学的缺点是有难相处的学生。故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Primary teachers are responsible for guiding children through the formation of many important life skills, and also watching over their students’ social development.”小学教师负责引导孩子们形成许多重要的生活技能，并监督他们的学生的社会发展。结合文章主要介绍了小学教师的工作内容、职责以及工作中会遇到的困难等。可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了让读者更多地了解小学教师。故选C。
【答案】16．G；17．D；18．A；19．F；20．E
【考点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇故事类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.”他的朋友取笑他照顾妹妹，他的兴趣和我大不相同。可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”， G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me. “我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用，故选G。
17．根据空前“ My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ”我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候。可知， D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books. “我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。故选D。
18．根据空前“ Reading opened new worlds to me. ”阅读为我打开了新世界。可知， A. I wasn't alone any longer. “我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前“ When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. ”当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意。 F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things. “于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。
20．根据空后“ My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. ”无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外。可知， E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. “我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。故选E。
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．D
【考点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小女孩克洛伊在散步时发现了前独木舟运动员Joe Jacobi的被盗的奥运金牌，并归还给了Joe Jacobi。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一天，当她和父亲在他们家附近散步时，她注意到一堆垃圾下面有一个闪闪发光的东西。A.sought“寻找”；B.buried“埋葬”；C.noticed“注意到”；D.dropped“掉落”。根据空前“One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home”和下文“She picked up”她捡起来，可知，此处是指她注意到一堆垃圾下面有一个闪闪发光的东西。故选C。
22．句意：她拿起东西带回家，就像她在寻宝散步时经常做的那样。A.waste“浪费”；B.object“物体”；C.material“材料”；D.antique“古董”。根据上文“something shiny under a pile of rubbish”可知，她并不知道这是什么东西。故选B。
23．句意：克洛伊后来震惊地发现她发现了一枚被盗的奥运金牌。A.embarrassed“尴尬的”；B.satisfied“满意的”；C.frightened“害怕的”；D.shocked“震惊的”。根据空后“she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal”可知，此处是指克洛伊后来震惊地发现。故选D。
24．句意：这枚奖牌属于前独木舟运动员Joe Jacobi，他在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上代表美国队获得金牌。A.competing“比赛”；B.applying“申请”；C.coaching“训练”；D.preparing“准备”。根据空前“who won gold”可知，此处是指为美国队比赛。故选A。
25．句意：2016年5月，有人闯入Jacobi的卫生间，这枚奖章以及其他个人物品被盗。A.broken“打破”；B.stolen“偷”；C.replaced“代替”；D.deserted“遗弃”。根据上文“she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal”可知，这枚奖章以及其他个人物品被盗。故选B。
26．句意：尽管警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品，但还是没能找到他珍贵的奥运奖牌。A.purchase“购买”；B.register“注册”；C.preserve“保存”；D.recover“追回”。根据空前“police managed to”可知，此处是指警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品。故选D。
27．句意：尽管警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品，但还是没能找到他珍贵的奥运奖牌。A.secured“有担保的”；B.prized“珍贵的，宝贵的”；C.advertised“广告的”；D.priced“附有定价的”。根据空后“Olympic medal”可知，此处是指珍贵的奥运奖牌。故选B。
28．句意：如果不是因为一个6岁女孩的寻宝习惯，它可能已经永远消失了。A.project“项目”；B.decision“决定”；C.habit“习惯”；D.idea“想法”。根据上文“as she often did on her treasure-hunting walks”可知，此处是指一个6岁女孩的寻宝习惯。故选C。
29．句意：克洛伊的爸爸在新闻上看到了Jacobi的故事，很快就意识到这是他被偷的财产。A.quickly“快速地”；B.gradually“逐渐地”；C.really“实际上”；D.carefully“仔细地”。根据下文“He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.”他找到了Jacobi的电子邮件，给他发去了宝藏的照片。可知，克洛伊的爸爸很快就意识到这是他被偷的财产。故选A。
30．句意：在辨认出奖牌之后，Jacobi惊讶得说不出话来。A.identifying“辨认出”；B.obtaining“获得”；C.evaluating“评价”；D.investigating“调查”。根据上文“He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.”可知，此处是指Jacobi从照片上辨认出自己的奖牌。故选A。
31．句意：克洛伊和Jacobi通了电话后，很想把它还给他。A.sorry“遗憾的”；B.eager“渴望的”；C.upset“失落的”；D.hesitant“犹豫的”。根据下文“Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word”克洛伊代表着奥林匹克的价值观，可知，克洛伊很想把金牌还给Jacobi。故选B。
32．句意：作为回报，Jacobi答应在今年秋天学校重新开学时向全班发表讲话。A.In addition“另外”；B.In fact“事实上”；C.In return“作为回报”；D.In advance“提前”。根据空后“Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall”可知，此处是指作为对克洛伊的回报。故选C。
33．句意：这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事非常温暖人心。A.purpose“目的”；B.report“报告”；C.attempt“尝试”；D.story“故事”。根据空前“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession”可知，此处是指这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事。故选D。
34．句意：这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事非常温暖人心。A.heart-warming“暖心的”；B.breath-taking“令人叹为观止的”；C.eye-catching“引人注目的”；D.life-changing“改变生活的”。根据上文“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession”可知，这个故事很温暖人心。故选A。
35．句意：当我们谈论性格和做正确的事情时，克洛伊代表了奥林匹克的价值观。A.important“重要的”；B.simple“简单的”；C.interesting“有趣的”；D.right“正确的”。根据空后“Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word”可知，此处是指做正确的事情。故选D。
【答案】36．has played；37．how；38．but；39．Without；40．a；41．to reduce；42．conducted；43．treatment；44．Basically；45．better
【考点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中医药在治疗感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的病人中发挥的重要作用。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，连词，介词，冠词，非谓语动词，名词，副词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中医药在中国已有2500余年的历史，迄今为止在治疗感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的病人中发挥了重要作用。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，句子主语“TCM”与“has”连用，故填has played。
37．句意：让我们看看它是如何发挥作用的。 it works是宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，即“如何”发挥作用的，应用“how”引导从句，意为“怎样，如何”。故填how。
38．句意：中医药不能杀死病毒，但它可以通过清除人体内导致疾病的垃圾来治疗患者。根据句意可知，空格前后为转折关系，故填but。
39．句意：没有垃圾，病毒就没有生存的空间。根据句意可知，句中指“没有”垃圾，病毒就没有生存的空间，故空格处应用介词“without”，意为“没有”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Without。
40．句意：因此，大多数服用它的患者仅用了一天半的时间就退烧了。as a result固定短语，“因此”，故填a。
41．句意：结果，大多数服用它的患者仅用了一天半的时间就退烧了。it takes/took some time for sb. to do sth.固定句式，“做某事花费了某人多长时间”，句中“it”为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to reduce。
42．句意：30多家医院对710例重症患者进行的实验表明，血必净注射液与常规治疗相结合，可使重症患者的死亡率降低8.8%。cases与conduct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语。故填conducted。
43．句意：30多家医院对710例重症患者进行的实验表明，血必净注射液与常规治疗相结合，可使重症患者的死亡率降低8.8%。此处名词作介词宾语，treatment“治疗”，不可数名词。故填treatment。
44．句意：总的来说，中医药被认为对疾病预防更有效，而西医药对严重的疾病更好。此处副词修饰整个句子，作状语，故填Basically。
45．句意：总的来说，中医药被认为对疾病预防更有效，而西医药对严重的疾病更好。根据句意和句中“more effective”可知，句中把中医药和西医药进行对比，西医药对严重的疾病更好，应用比较级，故填better。
46．【答案】暂未更新
【考点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以校英文报主编 的身份写一则征稿启事。写作背景：最近校报拟开设"我身边的英雄"栏目。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）开设目的 ；2）稿件要求 ；3）投稿方式和截至日期 。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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广东省深圳市新安县2021-2022学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
In the long history of humans, women's stories have often been overlooked. Yet as modern society has allowed women to speak for themselves, more and more women are standing up to choose how to live their lives. Here are five powerful films that just might inspire you to re-imagine what it means to be a woman.
Hi, Mom (2021)
Directed by Chinese comedian Jia Ling, this heartwarming comedy, about a woman who accidentally meets her mother during time travel, became a hit with audiences this year, leading the mainland box office right after Chinese New Year.
Leap (2020)
This 2020 film about the Chinese national women's volleyball team presents their history from 1981, when they won the women's World Cup, to the year 2016. Actress Gong Li stars as the legendary volleyball player Lang Ping, and Peter Chen from Hong Kong is the director.
Coco Avant Chanel (2009)
The life of Coco Chanel serves as a guide to all women wishing to establish their own careers. Audrey Tautou famous for her iconic performance in Amelie, stars as the glorious French fashion designer. It is French director Anne Fontaine's most famous film.
The Joy Luck Club (1993)
Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US. Their conflicts also reflect the collision between traditional Chinese culture and American culture.
The Story of Qiu Ju (1992)
Directed by Zhang Yimou, the 1992 film describes a peasant woman Qiu Ju who lives in a rural area of China and fights for justice. It is a screen adaptation of writer Chen Yuanbin's novel The Wan Family's Lawsuit.
1．Why does the author select the above 5 movies
A．To arouse attention to women
B．To speak highly of great mothers
C．To support women's fight for equal rights
D．To introduce the history of women movies.
2．How does Coco Avant Chanel differ from the other 4 movies
A．It inspired a lot of women
B．It is set in a foreign country.
C．Its actress became world-famous for her role.
D．Its director has a different culture background.
3．Which film concerns generation gap
A．Hi, Mom B．Leap
C．The Joy Luck Club D．The Story of Qiu Ju
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．C
【考点】推理判断题；观点态度题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五部引起对女性的关注的电影。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Here are five powerful films that just might inspire you to re-imagine what it means to be a woman.”下面是五部有影响力的电影，它们可能会激发你重新想象作为一个女人意味着什么。可知，作者选择了以上5部电影来引起对女性的关注。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据Hi, Mom (2021)部分中的“Directed by Chinese comedian Jia Ling”由中国喜剧演员贾玲执导；Leap (2020)部分中的“Peter Chen from Hong Kong is the director”来自香港的Peter Chen是导演；Coco Avant Chanel (2009)部分中的“It is French director Anne Fontaine’s most famous film.”这是法国导演安妮·方丹最著名的电；The Joy Luck Club (1993)部分中的“Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US.”电影改编自同名小说《喜福会》，中国导演王颖讲述了四个在美国出生和生活的中国妇女和她们的女儿的故事；以及The Story of Qiu Ju (1992)部分中的“Directed by Zhang Yimou, the 1992 film describes a peasant woman Qiu Ju who lives in a rural area of China and fights for justice.”这部1992年的电影由张艺谋执导，讲述了中国农村的一位名叫秋菊的农妇为正义而战的故事。可知，其它几部电影都是由中国导演执导，Coco Avant Chanel的导演来自法国。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据The Joy Luck Club (1993)部分中的“Based on the novel The Joy Luck Club, Chinese director Wang Ying tells the stories of four Chinese women and their daughters who were all born and lived in the US.”电影改编自同名小说《喜福会》，中国导演王颖讲述了四个在美国出生和生活的中国妇女和她们的女儿的故事。可知，The Joy Luck Club关注代沟问题。故选C。
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
Cooking with steam is of
great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the
original flavors in the ingredients.
Vegetables are healthy and full of fiber, and steaming is a quick way to cook them without using much oil. Chinese cabbage is a perfect vegetable to steam: crunchy, tender, less fibrous and mildly sweet. The tender cabbage can be steamed directly with a simple sauce consisting of garlic paste, soy sauce and sugar. Root vegetables like sweet potatoes are also great for steaming. They can be cut into thick sticks or slices and then steamed until the center becomes soft. Thin pieces of carrots, fresh sophora flowers (槐花) can be coated with dry flour and then steamed. This quick dish is usually served with a garlic paste and vinegar sauce.
Steaming fish, shrimp and
crabs, is all about preserving the original taste, so freshness is the absolute
No. 1 rule when we shop for seafood to be steamed. For fine foods from a river,
lake or sea, they must be freshly caught the day you buy them. Frozen fish is
seldom steamed directly, because there can be a stronger fishy smell and taste.
With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is
packed with slices of ginger and scallions (姜和葱) that can neutralize
the fishiness. It's then placed in a steamer that has been preheated to boil,
and cooked for 8 to 10 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The final
step is to place scallions on top of the steamed fish. Then, in a small pot,
heat up some oil and pour it across the body of the fish to help the flavor
release. Next, drizzle (浇) a couple spoons of seasoned
soy sauce for seafood around the plate and serve. When eating the fish, it's
best to dip it in the sauce for the sweet taste.
4．What is the advantage of steaming according to the passage
A．Low cost. B．Sweet taste.
C．Shining appearance. D．Original flavor.
5．What may the underlined word "neutralize" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Waste. B．Add. C．Reduce. D．Gain.
6．What is the right order of making steamed fish according to the passage
①Clean the fish. ②Steam the fish. ③Drizzle some sauce.
④Pour some hot oil onto the fish. ⑤Pack the fish with some ginger and scallions.
A．①②③④⑤ B．①④⑤②③ C．①⑤④③② D．①⑤②④③
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Cooking meals with steam.
B．Cooking seafood in a new way.
C．Advantages of cooking with steam.
D．Tips for cooking some delicious dishes.
【答案】4．D
5．C
6．D
7．A
【考点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国保持原汁原味的烹饪方式——用蒸的方式。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Cooking with steam is of great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the original flavors in the ingredients.”用蒸的方式烹饪在中国烹饪中非常重要。这是在配料中保持原有风味的最佳方法之一。可知根据短文蒸的好处是原汁原味。故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is packed with slices of ginger and scallions (姜和葱) that can neutralize the fishiness. ”在去除所有内脏和鳞片并清除血液后，鱼中装满了可以neutralize鱼腥味的姜片和葱片。根据常识，洗干净去除了有内脏和鳞片的鱼中装满了姜片和葱片可以中和鱼腥味，C选项Reduce（减少）符合题意。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“With all the internal organs and scales removed and blood cleaned, the fish is packed with slices of ginger and scallions that can neutralize the fishiness. It's then placed in a steamer that has been preheated to boil, and cooked for 8 to 10 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The final step is to place scallions on top of the steamed fish. Then, in a small pot, heat up some oil and pour it across the body of the fish to help the flavor release. Next, drizzle (浇) a couple spoons of seasoned soy sauce for seafood around the plate and serve. When eating the fish, it's best to dip it in the sauce for the sweet taste.”在去除所有内脏和鳞片并清除血液后，鱼中装满可以中和鱼腥味的姜片和葱片。然后将其放入蒸笼中，蒸笼预热至沸腾，根据鱼的大小烹调8至10分钟。最后一步是把葱放在蒸鱼上面。然后，在一个小锅里，加热一些油，把它倒在鱼身上，帮助释放味道。接下来是在盘子周围浇上几勺海鲜调味酱油，即可食用。吃鱼时，最好把它蘸在酱汁里，以尝到甜味。可知正确的顺序是①（把鱼洗干净。）⑤（在鱼里放些姜和葱。）②（蒸鱼。）④（在鱼上倒些热油。）③（淋些酱汁。）。故选D。
7．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Cooking with steam is of great importance in Chinese cuisine. It's one of the best ways to lock the original flavors in the ingredients.”（用蒸的方式烹饪在中国烹饪中非常重要。这是在配料中保持原有风味的最佳方法之一；以及第二段中的“Vegetables are healthy and full of fiber, and steaming is a quick way to cook them without using much oil.”蔬菜是健康的，富含纤维，蒸煮是一种不用太多油的快速烹饪方法。第三段讲述了蒸鱼的正确顺序，可知这篇文章最好的标题是用蒸的方式做饭。故选A。
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch, neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.
Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors
while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate
as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by
late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given
chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of
44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while
viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.
If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster, "Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."
Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in
the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感) center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full. If it is inhibited(抑制) or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns, he said.
People who cook spaghetti
all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day, "said
Hirsch," By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the
hypothalamus."
Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell. Researchers say these sensory clues, in addition to inner body changes, mark satiety.
But when distracted, a
person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full,
or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
Many studies have linked
being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity,
Hirsch said. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.
"If you want to lose
weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.
8．When Hirsch conducted the research, he______.
A．evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste.
B．measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate.
C．analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs.
D．counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs.
9．According to the research, when will you feel full faster
A．When we are distracted.
B．When we focus on how the food tastes.
C．When we are watching entertaining programs.
D．When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating.
10．Why does the author mention "People who cooks paghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day"
A．It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhibited.
B．It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.
C．It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don' like eating spaghetti.
D．It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.
11．What is the main purpose of the article
A．To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity.
B．To reveal the relationship between TV programs and eating behaviors.
C．To explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.
D．To find how sensory characteristics of the food affects people's feelings of eating.
【答案】8．B
9．B
10．D
11．C
【考点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption.”赫希博士通过测量薯片的摄入量，研究了看电视对嗅觉、味觉和饮食行为的影响。可知，当赫希进行这项研究时，他测量了志愿者吃薯片的量。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster”如果你把注意力集中在食物的味道上，你会吃得更少，因为你会更快地感到吃饱。可知，当我们把注意集中在食物的味道上时，我们会更容易感到吃饱。故选B。
10．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核)in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感)center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full.”下丘脑腹内侧核，也就是所谓的饱腹中枢所在的位置，会告诉身体它是饿了还是饱了；以及第七段“‘People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day,’said Hirsch,‘ By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus.’”赫希说：“那些整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面了，整天暴露在一种气味中会欺骗下丘脑。”可知，整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面，是因为气味“告诉”下丘脑，身体已经吃饱了。故选D。
11．考查推理判断。根据第一段“People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.”一项最新研究表明，人们在全神贯注看电视时吃得更多，而且节目越有趣，吃得越多。和下文内容可知，文章主要解释看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。故选C。
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读理解
Primary teachers are responsible for guiding children through the formation of many important life skills, and also watching over their students' social development. Primary teachers come into contact with about 30 students every day, and teach them a variety of subjects. Many hours are spent before and after class on planning, preparation and correction. One should be a very patient, caring, yet firm person to be able to deal with the demands of children in the four to twelve-year-old age group.
Secondary teachers teach specific subjects to various groups of students. Just like primary teachers, they spend an amount of time planning and preparing lessons and correcting homework—their duties are not restricted to face-to-face teaching. Dealing with twelve to eighteen-year-olds requires a wide range of skills.
If you become a primary teacher, you will need to decided whether to be a "generalist (多面手)", teaching a wide range of subjects, or a "specialist", teaching only one or two. Most primary teachers are specialists. Generalist teachers spend the greatest part of their day with one class, which means that they spend more time with the same children. Specialist teachers have more time away from their students. It is therefore very important for generalist teachers to develop a strong working relationship with their students.
The unique rapport (和谐) you can develop with a particular set of students is one of
teaching's greatest pleasures. However, the disadvantage of primary teaching is
that if you have a difficult student, you will be forced to deal with him or
her, all day, every day, throughout the school year. Teachers need to work out
strategies to get themselves and their students through such difficulties.
Primary teachers today are generally
four-year trained. They usually do a three or four-year undergraduate degree,
and if this degree does not include teacher training, they will have to
undertake postgraduate study in education as well.
12．After class primary teachers usually .
A．Come into contact with students
B．Teach students a variety of subjects
C．Deal with the demands of children
D．Make planning, preparation and correction
13．What does the third paragraph mainly discuss
A．What a primary teacher needs to do in the classroom.
B．The differences between generalist and specialist teaching.
C．How a primary teacher should try his best in the school.
D．The relationship between the primary teachers and students.
14．We can learn from this passage that .
A．A primary teacher needs a wide range of skills
B．The disadvantage of primary teaching is having difficult students
C．Teacher training is not important for a primary teacher
D．Secondary teachers mainly teach children two subjects
15．The author writes the article in order to .
A．Tell teachers how primary teachers guide students
B．Tell teachers what you should do as a primary teacher
C．Let readers know more about primary teachers
D．Let readers know how to be a primary teacher
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．B
15．C
【考点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小学教师的工作内容、职责以及工作中会遇到的困难等。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题和段落大意题，是一篇教育类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Many hours are spent before and after class on planning, preparation and correction.”课前和课后花了很多时间来计划、准备和纠正。可知，课后，小学教师通常要进行计划、准备和纠正。故选D。
13．考查段落大意。根据第三段“If you become a primary teacher, you will need to decide whether to be a ‘generalist’, teaching a wide range of subjects, or a ‘specialist’, teaching only one or two. Most primary teachers are specialists. Generalist teachers spend the greatest part of their day with one class, which means that they spend more time with the same children. Specialist teachers have more time away from their students. It is therefore very important for generalist teachers to develop a strong working relationship with their students.”如果你成为一名小学教师，你需要决定是当一名“多面手”，教授广泛的学科，还是当一名“专家”，只教授一两个学科。大多数小学教师都是专家。多面手老师每天大部分时间都和一个班在一起，这意味着他们和同样的孩子在一起的时间更多。专业教师有更多的时间离开学生。因此，多面手教师与学生建立牢固的工作关系是非常重要的。可知，第三段主要讨论通才教学和专才教学的区别。故选B。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However, the disadvantage of primary teaching is that if you have a difficult student, you will be forced to deal with him or her, all day, every day, throughout the school year.”然而，小学教学的缺点是，如果你有一个难相处的学生，你将被迫与他或她打交道，一整天，每天，整个学年。可知，小学教学的缺点是有难相处的学生。故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Primary teachers are responsible for guiding children through the formation of many important life skills, and also watching over their students’ social development.”小学教师负责引导孩子们形成许多重要的生活技能，并监督他们的学生的社会发展。结合文章主要介绍了小学教师的工作内容、职责以及工作中会遇到的困难等。可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了让读者更多地了解小学教师。故选C。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 16． His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 17． I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 18．
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 19． I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
20． My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
【答案】16．G；17．D；18．A；19．F；20．E
【考点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇故事类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.”他的朋友取笑他照顾妹妹，他的兴趣和我大不相同。可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”， G. My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me. “我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用，故选G。
17．根据空前“ My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ”我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候。可知， D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books. “我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。故选D。
18．根据空前“ Reading opened new worlds to me. ”阅读为我打开了新世界。可知， A. I wasn't alone any longer. “我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
19．根据空前“ When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. ”当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意。 F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things. “于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。
20．根据空后“ My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. ”无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外。可知， E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. “我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。故选E。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Chloe Smith is a 6-year-old. girl from Atlanta, Georgia.
One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home, she 21． something shiny under a pile of rubbish. She
picked up the 22． to take home, as she often did on her
treasure-hunting walks. Chloe was later 23． to discover she had found a stolen
Olympic gold medal.
The medal belonged to former canoeist (划艇运动员)Joe Jacobi, who won gold while 24． for Team USA in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic games. The medal, along with other personal belongings, was 25． in May of 2016 when someone broke into Jacobi's can Though police managed to , 26． some of his stolen items, they hadn't been able to find his 27． Olympic medal. It may have been lost forever, if not for a 6-year-old girl's treasure--hunting 28． .
Chloe's dad had seen Jacobi's story on the news, and 29． realized it was his stolen property. He found
Jacobi's email and sent him pictures of the treasure. After 30． the medal, Jacobi was astonished, just
speechless.
Chloe was 31． to give it back after speaking with Jacobi on the phone. 32． , Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall. The 33． of this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession is 34． .When we talk about character and doing the 35． thing, Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word.
21．A．sought B．buried C．noticed D．dropped
22．A．waste B．object C．material D．antique
23．A．embarrassed B．satisfied C．frightened D．shocked
24．A．competing B．applying C．coaching D．preparing
25．A．broken B．stolen C．replaced D．deserted
26．A．purchase B．register C．preserve D．recover
27．A．secured B．prized C．advertised D．priced
28．A．project B．decision C．habit D．idea
29．A．quickly B．gradually C．really D．carefully
30．A．identifying B．obtaining C．evaluating D．investigating
31．A．sorry B．eager C．upset D．hesitant
32．A．In addition B．In
fact C．In return D．In advance
33．A．purpose B．report C．attempt D．story
34．A．heart-warming B．breath-taking C．eye-catching D．life-changing
35．A．important B．simple C．interesting D．right
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．D；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．D
【考点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小女孩克洛伊在散步时发现了前独木舟运动员Joe Jacobi的被盗的奥运金牌，并归还给了Joe Jacobi。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一天，当她和父亲在他们家附近散步时，她注意到一堆垃圾下面有一个闪闪发光的东西。A.sought“寻找”；B.buried“埋葬”；C.noticed“注意到”；D.dropped“掉落”。根据空前“One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home”和下文“She picked up”她捡起来，可知，此处是指她注意到一堆垃圾下面有一个闪闪发光的东西。故选C。
22．句意：她拿起东西带回家，就像她在寻宝散步时经常做的那样。A.waste“浪费”；B.object“物体”；C.material“材料”；D.antique“古董”。根据上文“something shiny under a pile of rubbish”可知，她并不知道这是什么东西。故选B。
23．句意：克洛伊后来震惊地发现她发现了一枚被盗的奥运金牌。A.embarrassed“尴尬的”；B.satisfied“满意的”；C.frightened“害怕的”；D.shocked“震惊的”。根据空后“she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal”可知，此处是指克洛伊后来震惊地发现。故选D。
24．句意：这枚奖牌属于前独木舟运动员Joe Jacobi，他在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上代表美国队获得金牌。A.competing“比赛”；B.applying“申请”；C.coaching“训练”；D.preparing“准备”。根据空前“who won gold”可知，此处是指为美国队比赛。故选A。
25．句意：2016年5月，有人闯入Jacobi的卫生间，这枚奖章以及其他个人物品被盗。A.broken“打破”；B.stolen“偷”；C.replaced“代替”；D.deserted“遗弃”。根据上文“she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal”可知，这枚奖章以及其他个人物品被盗。故选B。
26．句意：尽管警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品，但还是没能找到他珍贵的奥运奖牌。A.purchase“购买”；B.register“注册”；C.preserve“保存”；D.recover“追回”。根据空前“police managed to”可知，此处是指警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品。故选D。
27．句意：尽管警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品，但还是没能找到他珍贵的奥运奖牌。A.secured“有担保的”；B.prized“珍贵的，宝贵的”；C.advertised“广告的”；D.priced“附有定价的”。根据空后“Olympic medal”可知，此处是指珍贵的奥运奖牌。故选B。
28．句意：如果不是因为一个6岁女孩的寻宝习惯，它可能已经永远消失了。A.project“项目”；B.decision“决定”；C.habit“习惯”；D.idea“想法”。根据上文“as she often did on her treasure-hunting walks”可知，此处是指一个6岁女孩的寻宝习惯。故选C。
29．句意：克洛伊的爸爸在新闻上看到了Jacobi的故事，很快就意识到这是他被偷的财产。A.quickly“快速地”；B.gradually“逐渐地”；C.really“实际上”；D.carefully“仔细地”。根据下文“He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.”他找到了Jacobi的电子邮件，给他发去了宝藏的照片。可知，克洛伊的爸爸很快就意识到这是他被偷的财产。故选A。
30．句意：在辨认出奖牌之后，Jacobi惊讶得说不出话来。A.identifying“辨认出”；B.obtaining“获得”；C.evaluating“评价”；D.investigating“调查”。根据上文“He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.”可知，此处是指Jacobi从照片上辨认出自己的奖牌。故选A。
31．句意：克洛伊和Jacobi通了电话后，很想把它还给他。A.sorry“遗憾的”；B.eager“渴望的”；C.upset“失落的”；D.hesitant“犹豫的”。根据下文“Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word”克洛伊代表着奥林匹克的价值观，可知，克洛伊很想把金牌还给Jacobi。故选B。
32．句意：作为回报，Jacobi答应在今年秋天学校重新开学时向全班发表讲话。A.In addition“另外”；B.In fact“事实上”；C.In return“作为回报”；D.In advance“提前”。根据空后“Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall”可知，此处是指作为对克洛伊的回报。故选C。
33．句意：这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事非常温暖人心。A.purpose“目的”；B.report“报告”；C.attempt“尝试”；D.story“故事”。根据空前“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession”可知，此处是指这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事。故选D。
34．句意：这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事非常温暖人心。A.heart-warming“暖心的”；B.breath-taking“令人叹为观止的”；C.eye-catching“引人注目的”；D.life-changing“改变生活的”。根据上文“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession”可知，这个故事很温暖人心。故选A。
35．句意：当我们谈论性格和做正确的事情时，克洛伊代表了奥林匹克的价值观。A.important“重要的”；B.simple“简单的”；C.interesting“有趣的”；D.right“正确的”。根据空后“Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word”可知，此处是指做正确的事情。故选D。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高一下·深圳开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
TCM is short for Traditional Chinese Medicine. TCM, which has a history of more than 2,500 years in China, 36． (play) a big role in treating patients infected with COVID-19 so far. Let's look at 37． it works. TCM cannot kill the virus, 38． it can treat patients by removing the trash which causes illness out of human body. 39． the trash, the virus will have no room to survive.
In early February, 102 mild patients in Wuhan received therapy with Jinhua Qinggan Granule(颗粒). As 40． result, it took only one and a half days for most patients taking it
41． (reduce) fever. An experiment of 710 cases 42． (conduct) by over 30 hospitals showed the Xuebijing Injection(注射剂), combined with regular 43． (treat), can reduce the morality rate of severe patients by 8.8 percent.
44． (basic), TCM is believed to be more effective for disease prevention, while western medicine is 45． (good) for serious illnesses.
【答案】36．has played；37．how；38．but；39．Without；40．a；41．to reduce；42．conducted；43．treatment；44．Basically；45．better
【考点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中医药在治疗感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的病人中发挥的重要作用。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，连词，介词，冠词，非谓语动词，名词，副词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中医药在中国已有2500余年的历史，迄今为止在治疗感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的病人中发挥了重要作用。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，句子主语“TCM”与“has”连用，故填has played。
37．句意：让我们看看它是如何发挥作用的。 it works是宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，即“如何”发挥作用的，应用“how”引导从句，意为“怎样，如何”。故填how。
38．句意：中医药不能杀死病毒，但它可以通过清除人体内导致疾病的垃圾来治疗患者。根据句意可知，空格前后为转折关系，故填but。
39．句意：没有垃圾，病毒就没有生存的空间。根据句意可知，句中指“没有”垃圾，病毒就没有生存的空间，故空格处应用介词“without”，意为“没有”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Without。
40．句意：因此，大多数服用它的患者仅用了一天半的时间就退烧了。as a result固定短语，“因此”，故填a。
41．句意：结果，大多数服用它的患者仅用了一天半的时间就退烧了。it takes/took some time for sb. to do sth.固定句式，“做某事花费了某人多长时间”，句中“it”为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to reduce。
42．句意：30多家医院对710例重症患者进行的实验表明，血必净注射液与常规治疗相结合，可使重症患者的死亡率降低8.8%。cases与conduct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语。故填conducted。
43．句意：30多家医院对710例重症患者进行的实验表明，血必净注射液与常规治疗相结合，可使重症患者的死亡率降低8.8%。此处名词作介词宾语，treatment“治疗”，不可数名词。故填treatment。
44．句意：总的来说，中医药被认为对疾病预防更有效，而西医药对严重的疾病更好。此处副词修饰整个句子，作状语，故填Basically。
45．句意：总的来说，中医药被认为对疾病预防更有效，而西医药对严重的疾病更好。根据句意和句中“more effective”可知，句中把中医药和西医药进行对比，西医药对严重的疾病更好，应用比较级，故填better。
五、应用文写作（满分15分）
46．（2022高一下·深圳开学考）假如你是校英文报主编，最近校报拟开设"我身边的英雄"栏目。请根据如下提示写一则征稿启事
内容包括：1）开设目的
2）稿件要求
3）投稿方式和截至日期
【答案】暂未更新
【考点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以校英文报主编 的身份写一则征稿启事。写作背景：最近校报拟开设"我身边的英雄"栏目。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）开设目的 ；2）稿件要求 ；3）投稿方式和截至日期 。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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