初中英语语法精通专题三 句型分类之简单句：从动词分类看五大基本句型及练习（无答案）

从动词看五大基本句型
简单句是能表达完整意思的最小句子单位。
一个简单句有且只有一个主谓结构，在英语句子中，动词的类型决定了这个句子的句型。
①连系动词
be动词 （are/is/ am ）
感官动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）
四“变”：turn/become/get/grow
四“保持”：keep/stand/stay/remain
表象类：seem/ appear
当谓语动词是系动词时，就有了句型：主+系+表
②实义动词
及物动词：即后边可以直接加宾语 I kick the ball .
不及物动词：即后边不可以直接加宾语 I arrived .
不及物动词后边如果要加名词，在后边加一个小部件-介词，即：不及物动词+介词= 及物动词 I arrived at home.
及物动词 (不及物+介词) 低配版本：及物动词后仅一个宾语 主+谓+宾
升级版本：及物动词后接双宾语 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gives me a bunch of flower
高配版本： 及物动词后的宾语不能完整的表达其特征，需要增加补语来补充说明。补语可以是形容词，名词，介词，不定式等 主+谓+宾+宾补 You make me happy. They call me Elly. He puts his books in order. My heart compelled me to come.
不及物动词 不及物动词后无宾语 主+谓
③助动词和情态动词
助动词，在这里理解为帮助别的动词的词，本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，情态动词的用法也是如此。
所以助动词和情态动词需要跟上面两种动词结合起来使用。
助动词 do/have/be
作用1：构成时态 /语态 have done / be done/ is doing/ do/ does/ did；
作用2：构成疑问句 when did you get up yesterday
作用3：表示否定 we didn't go home until midnight
情态动词 should/shall/must/have to/ will/would/ might/may/can/could/need
作用：描述该动作的情感和情绪 “应该”“必须”“不得不”等。
谓语动词有四种变化形式——“三态加一否”，即“时态、情态、语态和否定”
主系表
在这个句型里
主语是你要描述的对象。
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”
表语
表语充当词：
Tom is a student. He will become an engineer. 名词
Who is it It’s me. 疑问代词；人称代词
This skirt is hers. 名词性物主代词
I am fourteen. 数词
Are you busy 形容词
My dream will come true.
He fell sick.
Food often goes bad in summer.
Keep fit.
Are you there 副词
Li Lei isn’t in.
Class is over.
My dream is to travel around the world. 不定式
He seemed to be mad.
His favorite sport is swimming. doing动名词
The movie is exciting. He is excited. doing现在分词
We got so excited when we heard the news. done过去分词
She is in good health. 介词短语
The show is from seven to ten.
We were at home last night.
The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working. 从句
Is that why you were angry
That is what he means.
This is where I first met her.
系动词
　　系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。
eg：He fell ill yesterday.　他昨天病了。(fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。)
eg：He fell off the ladder.　他从梯子上摔下来。(fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。)
系动词分类
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be动词一类。
He __________ ____________ _____________.他是一名教师。
以下可称之为半系动词
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, hold
如keep后面常接quiet, calm, cool, well, warm, silent, clean, dry等
[例题]
Please keep _________/_________/_________/_________!请保持安静/沉默/冷静/健康！
The weather continues _________.天气仍然很好。
He still stays _________.他依然单身。
All the things remain _________.一切从未改变。
The house stood _________ for a long time.这座房子曾经闲置很久。
The book lies _________ on the desk.桌子上的书打开着。
He always _________ ________ at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。
表像/假象系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念。主要有seem(似乎), appear(显得好像), look(看起来像), act, play...
另外act和play描述的是表象中的假象，意为「表现得，装作…的样子」。
look / seem / appear | Your entire life seems (to be) bright.
Act | act更强调肢体动作上的表现
Shh... Act normal！
Don’t worry, I can act surprised.
Play | play更偏向态度，例如play nice「假装友善」，play dumb「装傻」。
Don't play dumb with me!
[例题]
The teacher looked _________，but was still cheerful.老师看起来很疲惫,但仍然很乐观。
感官系动词：表示人体感官的感受，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look，意为「...起来」
look | The dress looks beautiful.
sound | It’s your American accent. Everything you say sounds stupid.
smell | It smells like bacon
taste | I drank milk that tasted funny.
feel | 摸上去，摸起来，感觉起来；觉得，有…的感觉
It doesn’t feel soft.
I just love decorating the Christmas tree. It makes me feel like a little girl again.
特别提醒：look, feel, taste,sound, smell作系动词时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，所以没有被动形式。
The flowers smell sweet.
His idea sounds good.
The meal tastes delicious.
[例题]
I felt _____________ at what he said.我听了他的话很高兴。
My first attempting a chocolate cake tasted _____________.我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
Her voice sounds _____________ to ears.她的声音听起来悦耳。
变化系动词：表示事物发展变化的过程。主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run, emerge
如go常接mad, hungry, wrong, blind等
fall常后接asleep, short, ill, silent等
[例题]
Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly __________________.只有这样他们才能长大独立，真正地成功。
He stopped his car when the traffic light turned _________.当变红灯时他停下了车。
She is getting _________ and _________.她越来越胖了。
He asked for leave because his mother fell _________.他因为母亲生病而请假。
The milk easily goes _________ in hot weather.牛奶在热天易变酸。
The stream/well ran ___________.这条小溪/这口井干涸了。
The students came __________ when the teacher told a story.当老师讲故事的时候，学生就变得活跃起来。
As we grow _________, we know more and more.随着年龄增长，我们懂得越来越多。
He _________ _________ after that.　那之后他就发疯了。
终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，表达"证实"，"变成"之意。主要有prove, turn out, end up, come out
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
[例题]
His performance proved really______________. 他的演出被证明是非常出色的。
He said he was my father’s friend, but he _________ _________ to be a cheat.他说他是我爸爸的一个朋友，但结果却是个骗子。
实义动词与系动词意义上的不同
可以看到，除了be动词之外的这些词都是实义动词「兼职」做系动词，具体词义上往往也有或多或少的变化。
例如：
He kept the money in his pocket.实义动词，意为「保存、存放」之意，后面接宾语
He kept silent during the meeting.系动词，意为「保持……的状态」之意，后面接表语
如果不加以注意，很容易将实义动词与系动词的用法混淆
判别方法: 将疑似系动词的动词换成适当的be动词如果语义上大致能说得通，则是系动词否则是实义动词
将这一方法应用于刚才的例句中：
He kept the money in his pocket.
He was the money in his pocket. 【说不通】
He kept silent during the meeting.
He was silent during the meeting.【说得通】
半系动词与be动词的不同之处
①不管半系动词是作为系动词还是实意动词使用，变否定时要加助动词do/does/did，而be动词直接在be动词后面加not。
②be动词可作系动词和助动词，而其他动词可作为系动词和实意动词。
[例题]
1.— Are you Jack's friend (作肯定回答)
— Yes, ________ ________.
2.Black is my last name. (改为否定句)
Black ________ ________ my last name.
3.— Is she Gina (作否定回答)
— No, ________ ________.
4.The cake tastes really delicious.(改为否定句)
The cake __________ _____________ delicious.
5.I taste a cake and drink a cup of coffee.(改为一般疑问句)
___________ ___________ _________ a cake and drink a cup of coffee
系动词专项练习
一、单选题
1.Most work there difficult but most of the workers happy.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
2.Picking apples ____ __ more interesting than _ ____ lessons.
A. are; having B. is; having C. are; have D. be; having
3.About two fifths of the doctors _______________ women in the hospital.
A. is B. was C. are D. have
4._______ the students in our grade are 14 years old, and the rest _______ 15.
A. Hundreds of; are B. Two hundred; is C. Two hundreds of; is D. Two hundred of; are
5.— How much yogurt do we need — Two spoons of yogurt ________ enough.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
6.—A number of volunteers _______ going to teach in China's countryside. —Yes, the number _______ getting bigger and bigger.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
7.The number of the students in our class ______fifty. ______ of them ______boys.
A. is; 60 percents; are B. is; 60 percent; are C. are; 60 percent; is D. are; 60 percents; are
8.We should take more exercise to stay .
A. health B. healthy C. fat D. short
9.—Mum, the ice cream _________ so good. May I have some more — I'm afraid not, Susie. You've eaten a whole box.
A. tastes B. smells C. looks D. feels
10.Your idea ____________ good. Let's give it a try and see if it will work.
A. sounds B. smells C. looks
11.The weather _______ to change every day: one day is hot, then the next day is cold.
A. seems B. feels C. looks D. sounds
12.Whenever I talk to my sister about her problem, she gets ______.
A. anger B. angry C. angrily D. to be angry
13.Drinking too much ___________________ your health.
A. do harm to B. is harm to C. is harmful to D. does harmful to
14.The flower __________________ so good. It makes the air in the room sweeter.
A. feels B. smells C. tastes D. sounds
15.The chicken wing tastes so _______________ that everyone likes it very much.
A. well B. good C. bad D. badly
16.— Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport, Joe — With pleasure. What does he look like
— He ______________ of medium height and he ______________ small eyes.
A. has; has B. is; is C. has; is D. is; has
17.Sandy likes reading. It makes her ________.
A. feel happily B. feel happy C. to feel happily D. to feel happy
18.The cakes in the restaurant __________, so they __________ well.
A. are tasted nice, are sold B. taste terrible, are sold C. are tasted terrible, are sold D. taste nice, sell
二、填空
1.There________(be) a lot of traffic on the way to school but it got better when we were on the way back.
2.Everyone except Tom and John________(be) there when the meeting began.
3.Each of them________(be) looking forward to a holiday without work.
4.You look________(happy).What's wrong
5.Jay Chou's music ________ (sound) wonderful.
6.Ann will take this red dress because it ________ (feel) very soft.
7.Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football and Messi ________ our favourite star. (be)
8.Climbing hills ________ good for our health. (be)
9.Mother got ________ (annoy) when she saw her son playing with the sick cat.
10.The old woman always feels ________ (lonely).
11.Singing and dancing ________(be) her favorite things.
12.The fish my mother cooks________(taste)nice.
13.The flower ________ (smell) sweet.
14.Go to bed if you feel________(sleep)．
15.It ________ (闻起来) so strong that I don' t like it at all.
主谓 与 主谓宾
我们慢慢来看：
1.His dog died in a car accident. (他的母亲死于一场车祸)
2.Xipo killed two mosquitoes. (西坡同学杀死了两只蚊子)
3.Are you looking for a dog？(你在找一只狗吗？)
在例句1中，his dog充当主语，died为动词，后面的in a car accident则是可有可无的修饰结构，即使没有in a car accident，His dog died也能表达完整的意思。这是一个典型主谓结构句子，动作的发生不需要承受者。该动作无法施加给别人。所以如果主语与动词能构成完整的释义，那么这个句子就是“主谓句型”。
在例句2中，Xipo充当主语，killed为动词，我们发现单独讲Xipo killed 说不通，西坡同学杀了什么，不知道。这样句子就不完整了，必须需要一个成分充当西坡同学杀死的对象。因此，two mosquitoes两只可怜的蚊子充当了宾语，被西坡同学杀了。Xipo killed two mosquitoes是一个典型的“主谓宾”结构。动作的发生需要承受者，动作的接受者就是宾语。
由此可以理解动词的两种类型：及物动词与不及物动词。
及物动词（Vt）：不能独立发生，独立存在没有意义，必须要有动作的承受者
不及物动词（Vi）：独立发生，不牵涉别的人或物
在例句3中，you充当主语，are looking at为谓语动词，a dog为宾语，这里因为look本身是一个不及物动词，当需要在后面跟上名词的时候，我们需要介词的帮助，用介词作为媒介连接动词和宾语。所以这也是一个主谓宾结构的句子。
宾语
宾语充当词：
Can I ask some questions 名词
They won’t hurt us. 人称代词(宾格)
I am for you.
If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 数词
He often helps the poor. 名词化的形容词
He left there last week. 副词
Remember to lock the door. 不定式
I am able to drive a car.
It’s sure to rain. 常用形容词有sure，afraid，happy，surprised等
He stopped smoking last week. 动名词
I’m sure when to hold the meeting. 短语
He said that he would go to college in the future. 从句
Do you understand what I mean
I wondered how old he was.
He said, “You’re quite wrong.” “句子”
所以主谓宾有
主语+及物动词+宾语
主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语
主语+系动词+表判断与情感的形容词+宾语
在具体分析过程中，不能只依靠判断动词是及物还是不及物判断句子类型，因为同一个动词在不同语境下既可以表现为及物也可以表现为非及物。而要依靠前面所讲的，看主语与动词是否能表达完整释义，再结合动词的词性，判断起来就事半功倍了。
判断下列动词是及物还是不及物
run; take; put; happen(发生)；appear(出现)；make; fight(打架); give; drive; sleep; like; know; think; come; go; get; fail(失败); listen; see; catch; smile; rain; find; tell; snow; sit; arrive; seat(使..坐下); dress(给...穿衣); write
及物：
不及物：
EXERCISE：
一、找出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语：
例：I love you.
主语 谓语 宾语
She likes cakes.
2.The students study English.
3.The students study English hard.
4.The students study English hard for the test in the school every day.
5.The students plant trees in the garden in the school every day.
6.Does the teacher from England have a little black dog
7.The girl of your class eats an apple in the classroom every day.
8.My father and my mother watch TV in the living room every evening.
9.The girl from America reads books in the reading room every afternoon.
10.Who teaches you English
二、用括号中单词的正确形式填空
1.What the teacher from America you (teach)
2.Why the teacher from America the teacher from England (love)
3.How many baozi you every morning (eat)
4.Where the students of your class trees every year (plant)
5.The most clever little boy student of our class his homework in the school every day.(not do)
6.When the boy students of your class football on the playground in the school every day (play)
7.Who in the classroom at 12:00 clock (be)
8.I TV at home last night.(not watch)
9.He often books to her.(give)
10.We our class at eight.(begin)
三、翻译下列句子
1.我爸爸读书。
2.You must listen to me.
3.她喜欢英语。
4.I like basketball.
5.我了解他。
6.He often writes letters to her.
我爸爸经常给我妹妹讲故事。
8.Mr. Miller has sent a message to Marry.
9.史密斯女士教她英语。
10.She sometimes brings beautiful pictures to them.
主 谓 宾 宾
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
主 谓 间 直
She ordered herself a new dress.
主 谓 间 直
I showed him my pictures.
两个宾语都是动词的发生对象，但两个宾语之间无逻辑关系。
常见的这类谓语动词有：
初中英语语法系列 专题三 句法(1) 句型分类之简单句
give(给某人……)
bring(带给某人……)
tell(告诉某人……)
send(送给某人……)
leave(留给某人……)
pass(递给某人……)
read(给某人读……)
write(给某人写……)
take(给某人拿……)
show(给某人看……)
teach(教给某人……)
get(给某人弄到……)
lend(借给某人……)
buy(给某人买……)
pay(支付给某人……)
hand(递给某人……)
找出各句的主、谓、直宾、间宾各成分。
1. She gave me a cup of coffee.她给了我一杯咖啡。
2. He told them his story .他给他们讲了自己的故事，
3. Della bought Jim a Christmas gift.德拉给吉姆买了一个圣诞礼物。
4.She taught us math.她教我们数学。
5.They showed me the way. 他们给我指路。
6.He lends me his books from time to time. 他时不时地把他的书借给我。
7. He asked his brother a question.他问了他哥哥一个问题。
8. I wrote him a letter.我给他写了一封信。
9. He passed me a pencil.他把铅笔递给了我。
10. They offered him a job . 他们为他提供了一份工作。
11. They handed him some food. 他们递给了他一些食物。
12.We bring you the latest news. 我们为你带来最新的新闻。
13.I have sent you an email.我已经把把电子邮件寄给你们了。
14. His father got him a job at the local factory.(他的父亲在当地工厂为他找了一份工作)
15. He presented his boss the result of the journey.他向他的老板介绍了旅行的结果。
16. She told the kids what to do . 她告诉孩子们应该做什么。
17.His teacher taught him how to learn math.他的老师教他如何学习数学。
18.Traffic lights tell us when to stop and when to go. 交通灯告诉我们什么时候停以及什么时候走。
19. The gift would show the Native Americans that the explorers came in peace.这些礼物向印地安土著人表明探险者是带着和平之意而来的。
20. He gave the reporters what they wanted. 他把记者们所想要的给了他们。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。所以当间接宾语在直接宾语之后时，往往在间接宾语前加上to或for
She ordered herself a new dress. = She order a new dress for herself.
I showed him my pictures.= I showed my pictures to him.
将下列跟双宾语的动词分类：
give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, hand, lend, tell, return ,write, teach, throw, allow, promise, owe, pay, deal, post, sell, wish, make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, cook, sing, find, choose, draw ,find, get, order, prepare...
主+谓+宾+to sb: give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, hand, lend, tell, return ,write, teach, throw, allow, promise, owe, pay, deal, post, sell, wish...
主+谓+宾+for sb: make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, cook, sing, find, choose, draw ,find, get, order, prepare...
如果两个宾语都是代词，间接宾语应放在直接宾语之后。
Give it to me. 把他给我。（不能说Give me it.）
改写句子
I bought her some fruit._______________________________________
I give her some flowers._______________________________________
I’ll find you a seat._______________________________________
Aunt Wang often buys them pictures-books._______________________________________
Will you sing them a song _______________________________________
主 谓 宾 宾补
宾补
补充说明宾语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分
宾语补足语充当词：
They named the child Jimmy. 名词 常见动词： call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 名词短语
I found the book very interesting. 形容词 常见动词：make, get, keep, find, wish, see, leave, think, consider, paint, dye, cut(short), set(free), prove...
My mother wants me to go to bed early. 不定式 常见动词：ask, tell, order, invite, force, get, beg, allow, wish, want, like, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, warn, cause, remind, help...
Tom is ill. Let us go and see him. 常见动词(省略to)：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to, help...
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 动名词短语
I have guests coming. 现在分词 常见动词：find, see, hear, watch, notice, keep, get, have, feel, leave
I am going to have my hair cut. 过去分词
I found everything in good condition. 介词短语
我们可以发现补语与表语非常类似
所以我们可以认为宾语与宾补是一个没有系动词的“主+(系)+表”结构
通过这个认识，我们可以区分 主谓宾宾 和 主谓宾宾补 的异同
1.I will make you a big cake on your birthday.
2.I will make you a manager if you come to my company.
注意：
含有宾补的句子，如果宾语是动词不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常用“主语+动词+it+宾补+不定式、动名词或从句”的句型。
I found to solve the problem difficult.
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
一、判断宾语
I make you a cake.
I make a cake for you.
Everyone likes to come to the party.
In the end, no one could live in peace.
I help you a lot.
Can you do me a favor
You can take whatever you want.
We can’t leave Yiwu to go on holiday.
We should wear masks to protect ourselves.
It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.
I spend an hour doing my homework every evening.
Let us go to the cinema.
I heard him answer the phone.
二、判断下列句子的句型
I run to keep healthy.
I promise to keep healthy.
I make you a monitor.
I make you a post card.
I want to sit down.
I want you to sit down.
三、填空题
1.China has a long ___________ (历史)of about 5000 years.
2.I borrowed some popular ___________(杂志)from the library.
3.Please open the ___________(窗户) and let some fresh air in.
4.My father has two sons. He loves me and my m___________ very much.
5.Can you read the ___________ (instruct)for the medicine for me
6.I have got some ___________ (信息) on the computer.
7.The book sold 20000 ___________ (copy) within two weeks.
8.People often give ___________ (fan) as presents.
9.Many people lost their ___________ (life) in the accident.
10.Alan cut ___________ (he) when he was cooking yesterday.
11.The girls enjoyed ___________ (they) in Shanghai Disneyland.
12.Mr. Wu is our Chinese teacher, he teaches___________(we) Chinese this term.
13.Please call___________ (he) back after school.
14.We find___________ (they) in the school library.
15.Don't worry! We can look after___________(our).
16.The rich man has a lot of money, so he can buy______________(he)many things he needs.
17.I left my dictionary at home. Can I borrow___________ (you)
18.Jane didn't meet ___________ (someone) interesting.
19.In China, we welcome ___________is friendly and kind. (who)
20. I like ______________(travel) by train because the scenery is beautiful.
21. The old men enjoy ___________ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
22.Would you mind _____________ (open) the door
23. Everyone should look after the ___________(老人) and children.
24. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep__________(try) until we make it.
25. Goodbye! I hope __________ (see) you again soon.
26. I learnt __________(swim) when I was 5 years old.
27. Have you finished ____________(clean) the kitchen.
28. The weather was nice, so I suggested __________(go) for a walk by the river.
29. ____________would he like for dinner
30.He never talks about __________(something) about himself.
31.She found it ____________________(relax)to sing songs.
32.Many athletes give money____________schools.
33.Did you see Li Ming ____________(play)football on the playground just now
34. My mother doesn’t allow me____________(go)out at night.
35.I wrote a letter____________one of my high school classmates last night.
36.I wish you____________(be)happy
37.She makes her mother___________(生气).
38.She asks the children___________(read)newspaper and books.
39.Good food keeps you___________(health).