Period 5 Grammar and usage (2)
The General Idea of This Period
In this period, the students will learn the verb -ed phrases.They can also followed by an object and/or adverbial.The students are expected to know that verb-ed phrases can be used to express the time, the reason and the condition.They will study the differences between v.-ing and v.-ed used as adjectives, after this period, the students may have a better understanding of the verb-ed form.
Teaching Important Points
Verb-ed phrases:The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science.
Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.
Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.
Teaching Difficult Points
Let Ss know how to use the verb-ed knowledge to solve the practical exercises in their daily study.
Teaching Methods
Presentational and practical approach.
Teaching Aids
The multimedia.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
The usages of verb -ed phrases and the differences between v.-ing and v.-ed used as adjectives.
Process and Strategies
Ss read the instructions first, then T gives more examples of verb-ed forms used in its own or followed by an object and/or adverbial.In a word, students are centered with the help of the teacher.
Feelings and Values
Learn through reading— by learning some short passages, the students may learn the usages of the grammar items and topic item in this period.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Revision
T:Last period, we learned the verb-ed form which can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.Let’s do some exercises to consolidate its usages.
1.—What’s the language________________ in New Zealand?
—English.
A.speaking
B.spoken
C.be spoken
D.to speak
答案:B
2.The car________________ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.
A.produced
B.producing
C.to produce
D.which produced
答案:A
3.—You’d better have your sports jacket________________ .It’s too dirty.
— Thanks.I will.
A.to wash
B.washed
C.washing
D.wash
答案:B
4.Yesterday I heard a story________________ by my friend.
A.told
B.telling
C.to tell
D.tell
答案:A
5.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________________ as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat
B.seating
C.seated
D.to be seating
答案:C
6.________________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A.Exposed
B.Having exposed
C.Being exposed
D.After being exposed
答案:C
7.Generally speaking, when________________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.to be taken
答案:B
8.The first textbooks________________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having been written
B.to be written
C.being written
D.written
答案:D
9.Is this the watch you wish________________ ?
A.to have repaired
B.to repair it
C.to have it repaired
D.will be repaired
答案:A
10.________________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A.Having been told
B.Though he had been told
C.He was told
D.Having told
答案:C
Step 2 Presentation
T:Today we’re going to learn the differences between verb-ed forms and the verb-ing forms:
Boys and girls, please go over Points 1-3 in Part 1 on Page 50, you may know that the passive verb-ed phrases can express the time, the reason and the condition.We can use clauses to rewrite the phrases.I’ll provide you with the following sentences and rewrite the sentences.
1)Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
2)Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.
3)Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.
=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.
4)After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted.
(误) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.
（正） Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. (Her grandfather being ill.是独立主格结构。Her grandfather 是现在分词的逻辑主语，而主句的主语是she。)
T:Now look at the screen, let’s conclude something about the grammar item.
1.分词作状语:过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。
2.分词作表语:一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”“高兴”，而是“使激动”“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。look, expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别。
The news was very exciting. I was excited at it.
The book is interesting. He is interested in it.
The question is puzzling. His look is puzzled.
His expression was frightening. I was frightened.
这类词有很多，如:
delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的
And we should pay attention to the following stable structure.
be covered with be lost in thought
be caught in the rain be separated from
be/become interested in be seated
be fixed on be dressed in white
be absorbed in the book be buried in work
3.作定语:过去分词作定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
The school to be built is intended for the disabled children.
即将要建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school being built is intended for the disabled children.
正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school built last year is intended for the disabled children.
去年建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作定语时的区别的句子:
I am interested in the interesting book.
He was excited at the exciting news.
The parents were disappointed about their disappointing son.
Mr.Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.
4.作补语:跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have,get, keep, hear, find,feel, leave, make,want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.
Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents worried.
Step 3 Practice
T:I want you to read the following sentences and learn special sentence structures.
(1)Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here.
(2)Judging from what he said, he is a southerner.
(3)Taken as a whole, there is nothing important in his speech.
(4)To tell you the truth, I don’t like the English teacher.
(5)To speak frankly, I don’t agree with you about the case.
并非所有分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。
Step 4 Consolidation
T:Please translate the following sentences into English.
(1) 这扇朝南的窗户是破的。
(2) 我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。
(3) 我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。
(4) 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。
(5) 从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。
(6) 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
Suggested answers:
(1)The window facing the south is broken.
(2)Our headteacher is a woman loved by all.
(3)The letter that reached me today is from my brother.
(4)She looked disappointed after she lost the game.
(5)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks significant.
(6)Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.
Step 5 Homework
Ask students to finish more exercises on verb-ed phrases.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus natrue
The fifth period
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
= If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
= When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted.(误)
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.（正）
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.
Records after Teaching
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Activities and Research
Students have learnt that a verb-ed or verb-ing form can have an understood subject and the understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause.The T may introduce more examples to Ss: Judging from his accent, he must be from the south./ Taken as a whole, there is nothing interesting in the book.In the above sentences, the verb-ed or the verb-ing form do not agree with the subjects of the main clauses, Ss may find more situations like this: some infinitives can be used like this.
To tell you the truth, I didn’t like the pink.
To speak frankly, I don’t agree with you about the case.
Reference for Teaching
Background Information
不定式、动名词、分词作表语的对比:
1.不定式作表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability.
他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2.动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs.它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3.现在分词作表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词作表语）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
4.常用作表语的现在分词有interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing.这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人不解。
5.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词作表语）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）
He is well educated.（过去分词作表语）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中作表语的过去分词有:
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6.注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:
interest（使……感兴趣），surprise（使……吃惊），frighten（使……害怕），excite（使……兴奋），tire（使……疲劳），please（使……满意），puzzle（使……迷惑不解），satisfy（使……满意），amuse（使……娱乐），disappoint（使……失望），inspire（使……欢欣鼓舞），worry（使……忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look,voice等）。例如:
Climbing is tiring.爬山很累人。
They are very tired.他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
Language points
give up 意为“停止/放弃”，其宾语可以是名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语时，通常放在give up之后；当名词或v-ing形式作宾语时，通常放在give up之后；当代词充当宾语时，宾语一般放在give与up之间。
Don’t give up your research on physics.不要放弃你的物理研究。
I would like you to give up smoking and drinking.我想让你把烟酒戒了。
She has given up playing the piano since her husband died.
自从她丈夫死后，她就已经不再弹钢琴了。
give up也可以表示“让出”。
He give up his seat to an old man.他让座给一位老人。
比较:
give away 意为“赠送/分发/丧失/泄露”give off意为“发出（烟/光/热等）时=give out”;give out还有“耗尽/筋疲力尽”的意思；give in“屈服/让步”。指放弃争辩、竞争等，比喻用法，指向困难、挫折低头。为不及物动词词组。
The headmaster gave away medals to the winners at the sports meet.
校长为运动会各奖项的获得者颁发奖章。
Our school’s football team has given away a good chance of winning the match.
我们校足球队失去了打赢这场比赛的好机会。
The heavily-polluted river gives off a bad smell.
这条污染严重的河流散发出一股难闻的气味。
After two days our food gave out, and we had to return.
两天后，食物吃光了，我们只好返回。
He dug and dug until his arms gave out.他挖了又挖，直到双臂酸软无力。
Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.
双方都说有理，谁也不服输。
With justice on our side, we will never give in.正义在我们这边，我们决不让步。
高考链接
1.(2004湖北高考)________________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
答案:D
解析:compared with 表示被动，过去分词作状语。
2.（经典回放）Friendship is like money:easier made than________________.
A.kept
B.to be kept
C.keeping
D.being kept
答案:A
解析:考虑到句子的前后一致性，应该选用过去分词kept。此处是省略句，原句应该是 (It is) easier made than (it is) kept.
3.—What’s happening in the street?
—A group________________ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.
A.calls
B.called
C.calling
D.to be called
答案:B
解析:过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is called Green Peace。
4.He had his leg________________ when playing football.
A.break B.to break C.breaking D.broken
答案:D
解析:这里have sth.done意为“遭到不幸”。
5.Your letter________________ Nov.25 has reached me.
A.dated B.dating C.was dated D.which dated
答案:A
解析:date the letter意为“给信加注日期”，宾语变成逻辑主语，故用过去分词表被动，它在本句中作后置定语。
6.________________ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.
A.To fill B.To be filled C.Filling D.Filled
答案:D
解析:此句相当于as the children were filled with excitement。
7.Even if________________, I won’t go.
A.invited B.inviting
C.I invited D.he invites
答案:A
解析:此处为Even if I’m invited的省略。当时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语部分有be时，主语和be常可省略。
8.With the homework________________, he was allowed to watch the football match.
A.finished? B.finishing
C.to finish? D.to be finished
答案:A
解析:过去分词强调被动、完成。
Period 6 Task(1)
The General Idea of This Period
This period consists of a series of activities which provide students with an opportunity to practise their listening,speaking,reading and writing.During this period,the students will learn how to change and correct a text,how to confirm information and how to write a formal letter about a topic.They will also get some practical advice on a common social problem.
Teaching Important Points
Try to learn how to check and correct information—learn to identify grammatical errors and spelling mistakes,to make changes to the information in the text and change the style or tone of the text.
Teaching Difficult Points
When listening,the students should know how to correct and make changes if necessary,and they are also expected to participate in a discussion effectively.
Teaching Methods
Situational approach and presentational approach.
Teaching Aids
A tape recorder and multimedia.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
By listening and practising,the Ss will learn how to change and correct a text,how to confirm information.
Process and Strategies
This section is divided into several steps and each step begins with a skill building activity.
Feelings and Values
Besides the knowledge itself,the Ss will also get some practical advice on a common social problem—giving their opinion on GM food.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Revision
根据要求写出单词的适当形式：
1.legal→（反义词）________________ 2.moral→（反义词）________________
3.appear→（反义词）________________ 4.responsible→（反义词）________________
5.hope→（反义词）________________ 6.disappoint→（名词）________________
7.agree→（名词）________________ 8.conclude→（名词）________________
9.perform→（名词）________________ 10.intend→（名词）________________
Keys:
1.illegal 2.immoral 3.disappear 4.irresponsible 5.hopeless
6.disappointment 7.agreement 8.conclusion 9.performance 10.intention
Step 2 Lead in and discussion
T:Let’s play a game called “Chinese whisper”,you will be divided into several groups of ten.The first student will whisper a sentence to the second student and then the second to the third until the sentence is passed to the last student in the groups.Only two minutes will be given to you.The last student in each group will report the information to the whole class.The groups coming up with the correct answer win.Try to find what mistakes each group has made and analyze what kind of mistakes they are.
Here is the sentence:Mrs.Smith’s hens laid many eggs last year.
Step 3 Changing or correcting a text
S:Read the guidelines in Skills building 1 on Page 52.You should focus on what you should do to change and correct the information.
S:Read the notes on Page 52 and think about the conversation you are going to listen to.Underline the places where you think mistakes might occur.
Answers:
1.8 cm→18 cm 2.per week→every day 3.去掉not 4.45-year—old→35-year-old 5.three→two 6.14→18
7.55→60 8.5%→85% 9.185 000→85 000
Step 4 Confirming information
T:You’ve done quite good jobs.Now let’s come to next job—read the notes about GM food on Page 53 carefully and confirm the information on the notes while listening to a conversation.You need to correct and make changes if necessary.Listen to the tape and do the exercises in Part A.
T:Before listening,please answer some questions,they are as follows:
What does GM stand for? What is GM food? Is it the same as natural food?
S:Answer the questions.
Answers:
A:2.fatter→faster 3.keep→don’t help keep 4.more expensive→cheaper
5.is后加not
6.better than→the same as 7.are后加not
8.cheaper→more expensive 9.are后加not
10.would not pay→don’t mind paying
B：1.wrong 2.wrong 3.wrong 4.right
Step 5 Conducting a discussion
T:In your daily life,you are often asked about your opinion on many things,such as,who is your favorite movie star or singer? What answers did you get for the homework? etc.Please conduct a discussion in which you give information but also ask others to give you information.Look at the useful expressions on Page 54 to help you.I will give one for example.
T:Here is a picture.What would you say if you want to know my opinions on this picture? But people may have different opinions in the picture,what would you say? Please think of different ways to ask for opinions and introduce new ideas.
T: Read the guidelines and compare their answers with the expressions on Page 54.They should know when to use the useful expressions.
Step 6 Reporting back to a science journal
T:Since we have learnt how to ask for opinions of others and introduce new ideas,let’s practice the different expressions by interviewing a scientist about GM food.
T:Please work in groups of four to discuss what questions you will ask,and write down your questions and a possible heading in the interview.
S:1.Safety of GM food Do you think it is safe for people to have GM food?
2.Possible side effects Are there any side effects if people have GM food?
3.Taste compared with normal food Does it taste the same as/nicer than natural food?
4.Cost Do you agree that GM food is more expensive than natural food?
5.Need for government control
Do you think the government should do something to ensure its safety? If so,what should be done?
6.Popularity for buyers Will you or will you not buy the GM food?
T:One student acts as the scientist and one acts as the student representative to practice the dialogue.
T:Students work in small groups and do Part D.Discuss the points in the box with your deskmates to gather more opinions on GM food.
Step 7 Consolidation
T:Work in groups and conduct more practice about asking other’s opinions.
Step 8 Homework
Surf the Internet to find more information about GM food,then try to report your job to others in the next period.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus nature
The sixth period
Interview form
1.safety of GM food
2.Possible side effects
3.Taste compared with normal food
4.Cost
5.Need for government control
6.Popularity for buyers
Records after Teaching
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Activities and Research
1.Ss try to list the things they know about GM food,then try to exchange their opinions with their partners,by doing like this,they may learn from others and realize the importance of cooperation in their everyday study and life.
2.Try to learn in performance.In this period,they will act as a scientist and a student representative.
Reference for Teaching
Background information
什么是“转基因食品”(GM Food)呢？
转基因食品，就是指科学家在实验室中，把动植物的基因加以改变，再制造出具备新特征的食品种类。许多人已经知道，所有生物的 DNA上都写有遗传基因，它们是建构和维持生命的化学信息。通过修改基因，科学家们就能够改变一个有机体的部分或全部特征。
不过，到目前为止，这种技术仍然处于起步阶段，并且没有一种含有从其他动植物上种植基因的食物，实现了大规模的经济培植。同时许多人坚持认为，这种技术培育出来的食物是“不自然的”。
世界上第一种基因移植作物是一种含有抗生素药类抗体的烟草，1983年得以培植出来。又过了十年，第一种市场化的基因食物才在美国出现，它就是可以延迟成熟的番茄作物。一直到1996年，由这种番茄食品制造的番茄饼，才得以允许在超市出售。
为什么一些人认为转基因技术或许对人类健康有害呢？批评者认为，目前我们对基因的活动方式了解还不够透彻。我们没有十足的把握控制基因调整后的结果。批评者担心突然的改变会导致有毒物体的产生，或激发过敏现象。
另外还有人批评科学家所使用的 DNA会取自一些携带病毒和细菌的动植物，这可能引发许多不知名的疾病。我们应该相信我们所吃的食物吗？
为了确保消费者的安全和维持信心，所有食品都必须经过一系列的检测管理程序。检测程序的目的是在食品上市前就发现问题。如果消费者不幸因为所吃的食品而得病，这往往是因为食品生产线存在问题。
Language points
1.cost n.［U］the amount of money needed to buy,do or make something
For many parents,two salaries are essential to cover the cost of(=pay for)school fees.
对于许多父母来说,两份薪水支付上学的费用是很基本的。
2.look forward to:-ing form of v./n.
She was looking forward to seeing the grandchildren again.
她盼望着再次看到她的孙子孙女们。
带to doing的常用结构
1.动词+介词to+动名词
admit to doing sth 承认做了某事
apply to doing sth 适用于做某事
object to doing sth 反对做某事
see to doing sth 负责做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事
devote to doing sth 贡献……
appeal to doing sth 呼吁……
2.动词+宾语+介词to+动名词
apply oneself to doing sth 专心致志做某事
limit sth to doing sth 把……限制在做某事的范围内
give one’s life to doing sth 献身于做某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
set one’s mind to doing sth 决心做某事
addict oneself to doing sth 沉溺于做某事
3.be+形容词+介词to+动名词
be equal to doing sth 能胜任做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
be reduced to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事
be devoted to doing sth 献身、致力于做某事
be limited to doing sth 把……限制在做某事的范围内
Exercises Related to This Unit
1.They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science,which is also listed________________in the glossary.
A.in sum B.in total C.in general D.in full
答案:D
解析:in full“全部地/彻底地”，in total “合计/总共”，in sum“总而言之”，同in general。
2.He couldn’t________________an answer when I asked him why he was late.
A.end up with
B.come up with
C.catch up with
D.fit in with
答案:B
解析:end up with“以……结束”，come up with“提出”，catch up with“赶上”，fit in with“符合/适应”。
3.The man whom I think to be a black sheep in our village will________________the imprisonment.
A.end up with
B.be ended up with
C.end up with
D.be ended up with
答案:A
解析:end up with意思同上题解析。
4.Some day,we will________________the natural energy,leaving nothing to our children and grandchildren.
A.use all
B.run out
C.use up
D.run out all
答案:C
解析: use up意思是“用光”，相当于run out of。
5.Before the college entrance examination,many students have shown________________of tension.Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).
A.anxiety
B.marks
C.signs
D.remarks
答案:C
解析:anxiety“忧虑/挂念”，marks “分数/记号/踪迹”,sign“标记/迹象”。
模块五第三单元Period 4 Grammar and usage (1)
The General Idea of This Period
The grammar items in this period focus on the verb -ed form and how verb -ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence functioning as attribute, predicative and object complement.In the verb -ed part, students will learn when the verb -ed form if used as an attribute, and it can be changed into an attributive clause.Students will also learn that a verb -ed can be used after some verbs like stand, sit and lie to show the two actions happening at the same time.They should be able to identify the different functions of the verb -ed form in different sentences.
Teaching Important Points
Verb -ed forms used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as attribute, predictive and object complement.
Teaching Difficult Points
Identify the different functions of the verb-ed form in different sentences.
Teaching Methods
Presentational and practical approach.
Teaching Aids
The multimedia.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
By listening and practising, the Ss will learn how to change and correct a text, how to confirm information.
Process and Strategies
This section is divided into several steps and each step begins with a skills building activity.
Feelings and Values
Interesting places and people’s love to nature.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Lead-in
T:We have learn the usage of the v+-ing in the past units.Can you tell the fun_ction of the verb-ing in the following sentences?
1.The teacher’s encouraging words made all the students regain confidence.
2.The story he told us was very exciting.
3.I watched the athletes jumping from the diving board into the swimming pool.
Ask students to answer the questions then check the answers.
Answers:
1.“Encouraging” is used as the attribute.
2.“Exicting” is used as predicative.
3.“Jumping” is used as object complement.
Step 2 The usage of the v.+-ed
T:Now let’s look at the following sentences and tell the usage of the verb-ed.
Can you tell the fun_ction of the v.-ed in the following sentences?
1.I don’t like canned food;I prefer something fresh.
2.China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world.
3.The man delivering mails to my office every day is a retired worker.
Ask students to discuss and answer the questions.
Answer:The words “canned/developed/retired” are all used as the attribute.
The verb -ed forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute.
And a verb -ed can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.
Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb -ed form each other?
1.We should drink water which has been boiled.
2.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.
3.The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.
4.The dark-haired man went into the room.
5.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
6.The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.
Ask the students to discuss and change the given sentences.
Suggested answers:
1.We should drink boiled water.
2.They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
3.The kidnappers were using a stolen car.
4.The man who was dark-haired went into the room.
5.The name mentioned in the letter was known to me.
6.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.
Ask students to compare the two structures of the attribute as follows.
Step 3 Further presentation of verb -ed
T:Let’s look at the other three sentences, and tell the functions of the v.+ed.
1.(1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.
2.(2)The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.
Ask students to discuss and tell the functions of the v.-ed.
The verb -ed forms interested and excited in the two sentences are used as predicatives.They follow link verbs.
T:Next, let’s look at the following sentences then tell the functions of the v.+ed.
1.The cake was left untouched on the table.
2.The girl lay trapped under the wreckage.
In these sentences, the verb -ed forms are used as adverbs.
3.He tried to make himself understood by his students in class.
4.I had my hair cut yesterday.
5. With his work finished, he went out with his friends.
In the three sentences the verb -ed forms are used as the object complements as follows:
make himself understood
had my hair cut
With his work finished
A verb -ed form can also serve as attribute, predicative and object complement.When the verb -ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attribute clause.
Step 4 Practice
Ask students to finish Exercise A and tell the functions of the v.+eds.Then correct the answers.
Suggested answers:
1.disppointed(the predicative )
2.puzzled(object complement )
3.excited(the predicative) 4.thrilled(the predicative)
5.interested(the predicative)
6.bored(the predicative)
Step 5 The meanings of the structure of the v.+-ed
The verb-ed form can express different meanings, that is, the passive and the past meaning.
For example:
1.English is a widely used language.
=English is a language which is used widely.
2.He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours think he is a well-educated man.
=He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours think he is a man who is well-educated.
The sentences above express the meaning of the passive.That’s to say, the actions are passive.
T:Now let’s look at the next two sentences:
1.The ground is covered with fallen leaves when autumn wind blows.
=The ground is covered with leaves which have fallen when autumn wind blows.
2.Some countries like the USA and Japan are developed countries.
= Some countries like the USA and Japan are countries which have developed.
In the two sentences, the actions express the past, that’s to say, the actions have been finished.
A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.
1.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.
= The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.
2.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.
= The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.
3.She lay trapped under the building for three days.
=She lay there and was trapped under the building for three days.
Step 6 Verb+ed used as the adverb
T:A verb -ed phrase is actually a verb -ed followed by an object and/or adverbial.Verb -ed phrases especially the passive ones can be used to express the time, the reason and the condition. Can you rewrite the following sentences , using clauses introduced by when,once,because, if, unless...?
1.Frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.
2.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
3.Unless invited, I will not go to the party.
4.Given another five days, I could finish it in time.
5.Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
6.When told the news, he couldn’t help crying.
Ask students to discuss and rewrite the sentences then check the answers.
1.Because she was frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.
2.Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
3.Unless I am invited, I will not go to the party.
4.If I was given another five days, I could finish it in time.
5.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
6.When he was told the news, he couldn’t help crying.
Step 7 Consolidation and homework
Today we have learned the functions of the verb+ -ed in the sentences.It can be used as attribute, predicative and object complement and adverb.When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attribute clause.
Ask students to finish Exercises C1 and C2.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus nature
The fourth period
the boiled water water which has been boiled
the injured woman the woman who was injured
a stolen car a car which was stolen
the dark-haired man the man who was dark-haired
the name mentioned in the letter the name which was mentioned in the letter
Records after Teaching
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Activities and Research
Ss try to find an article in a newspaper about cloning or GM food, in which they try to find the usages of verb -ed forms and speak out the functions of the verb-ed form.Also the students may cooperate with their classmates about their study.
Reference for Teaching
Background information
过去分词用法:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken.窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如:
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
5.过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied.
所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。
Language points
1.figure out:to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought:+ question word
I can’t figure out why he did it.
我不能理解他为什么做这件事。
Can you figure out the answer to question 5?
你能算出第五个问题的答案吗?
2.puzzle:v.+ adverb or preposition;to feel confused and slightly worried
The findings of the survey puzzled me.
调查的发现使我困惑。
It puzzles me why she said that.+ question word
她为什么那样说使我很困惑。
Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.
多年来科学家们一直在尽力解开这一谜底。
a crossword puzzle
puzzled adj. confused because you do not understand something:
He had a puzzled look on his face.
他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情。
I’m still puzzled as to why she said that.
至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑。
I’m a bit puzzled that I haven’t heard from Simon for so long.
很久没有收到Simon的来信我感到困惑。
puzzling adj. difficult to explain or understand
It’s a rather puzzling film.
3.cautious:1) describe someone who avoids risks
2) describe something which is careful, well considered and sometimes slow or uncertain
He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.
当他骑自行车的时候,他很小心。
a cautious approach
cautiously adv.caution n.
We need to proceed with caution.我们需要谨慎前进。
4.worth:adj.having a particular value, especially in money
Our house is worth about ￡200 000.我们的房子价值20万英镑。
1)be worth sth.:to be important or interesting enough to receive a particular action:
I think this matter is worth our attention.我认为这件事值得我们注意。
2)be worth having/doing sth:to be important or useful to have or do
There’s nothing worth reading in this newspaper.这张报纸上没什么值得读的。
worthless:adj. having no value in money/valueless/unimportant or useless:
NOTE:The opposite is invaluable/priceless.
相关有用的表达:It’s worth the money.=It’s good value for the money.
be (well) worth doing sth.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。
be worth it:to be of reasonable or good value for the price
与worthy及worthwhile的区别:
worthy:adj. worthy of sth suitable for, or characteristic of something
worthwhile:adj. 句型:It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
译:这个问题值得讨论。
The question is worth discussing.
The question is worthy of discussion.
The question is worthy of being discussed.
The question is worthy to be discussed.
It’s worthwhile discussing/to discuss the question.
Discussing/To discuss the question is worthwhile.
高考链接
1.(2004浙江高考)Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________________ as 3M.
A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known
答案:B
解析:known as 3M相当于一个非限制性定语从句which was known as 3M。
2.(2004上海高考)The disc, digitally________________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
答案:A
解析:过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词the disc之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。此句相当于“...which was digitally recorded in the studio...”。
3.（经典回放）
— How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key________________ the problem is to meet the demand________________ by the customers.
A.to solving;making
B.to solving;made
C.to solve;making
D.to solve;made
答案:B
解析:第一个空“解决这个问题的答案”中的to是介词，其后接动词-ing形式；made by the customers 作demand的定语，相当于定语从句which is made by the customers。
4.(2004全国高考)When first________________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A.introducing
B.introduced
C.introduce
D.being introduced
答案:B
解析:本题属于“连词+过去分词”结构。句子主语these products 和introduce 在逻辑上构成动宾关系，此句相当于 “When these products were first introduced to the market”，故选B项。
5.(2004全国高考)It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when________________ at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning
B.having questioned
C.questioned
D.to be questioned
答案:C
解析:此句补全应为“...when I was questioned...”，故选C项。
模块五第三单元Period 8 Project
The General Idea of This Period
The project in this unit is designed to help students learn and use English through doing a project.The reading material man versus nature is an article used to help students form ideas for a debate.This article about people and nature can help Ss gain a clear understanding of the importance of protecting the environment.The purpose of this section is to encourage students to use what they have learnt to complete a project.In the course of doing the project,students will learn how to express and support their opinions and help them form a line of argument.They are expected to cooperate and complete each part of the project together.
Teaching Important Points
Phrases—for sale,put...in place,figure out,on one’s part,in favour of,point of view,turn
write an outline to prepare a debate out
Teaching Difficult Points
How to use what the students have learned to complete a project.
Teaching Methods
Task-based approach,students-centred approach...
Teaching Aids
The multimedia.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
Form the skills of concluding the main idea of each paragraph and learn through doing,learn through cooperating.
Process and Strategies
Divide the Ss into four groups and encourage them to report the main idea of each paragraph to raise as many questions as possible.Then Ss prepare for a debating.
Feelings and Values
The relationship between human beings and nature
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Revision
T:Last period,we’ve learned how to write a formal letter,and we know there are many advantages and disadvantages about GM food,I’ll ask one of you to come to the front to report your idea about it,any volunteer?
S:One of the Ss has his/her say.
T:Translate the following phrases:
1.自然资源________________ 2.集中，关注________________
3.环境保护________________ 4.经济发展________________
5.赞同，支持________________ 6.在某人看来________________
7.满足某人的需要________________ 8.招致灾难________________
9.关注，关心________________ 10.而不是________________
11.用完，耗尽________________ 12.以飞快的速度________________
13.发达国家________________ 14.责备某人某事________________
15.结果是________________
Suggested answers:
1.natural resources 2.focus on 3.environmental conservation
4.economic development 5.in favour of 6.from one’s point of view
7.meet one’s needs 8.spell disaster 9.be concerned about
10.rather than 11.use up 12.at a fast rate
13.developed countries 14.blame sb for 15.turn out
Step 2 Lead in and discussion
T: As a result of mankind and technology,natural resources have been seriously affected and natural disasters attack us fluently.Can you give us some examples about human being’s polluting the earth?
S:People are throwing more waste things,such as plastic bags,waste batteries,etc.
S:More and more factories are producing poisonous smoke polluting the air.
S:The rivers near my house are being polluted for...
T:Good job!
Step 3 Reading comprehension
T:Today we’re going to learn a passage titled Man versus nature.Read the passage silently and quickly then try to find out the main idea of each paragraph.You’re divided into four groups to report the main idea.
S:Paragraph 1 Natural resources have been seriously affected by carelessness.
Paragraph 2 Different attitudes towards the problem.
Paragraph 3 Humans are moving towards an important point in the relationship with nature.
Paragraph 4 Humans can only really win by protecting nature
T:Read the passage on Page 58 and discuss the following questions and find more suggestions:
(1)What have people done to nature?
(2)If we continue in this way,what might happen?
(3)Which is more important,economic development or protecting nature? Why do you think so?
(4)What is the attitude of poorer nations towards the problem? What about the attitude of developed nations?
(5)Do you think the problem of humans winning and nature losing can be settled?If so,can you suggest some solutions?
Sample answers:
(1)They have done a lot to destroy and damage nature.
(2)The planet we live on will be eventually destroyed.
(3)...
(4)Poorer nations pay more attention to economic development but less to the environment while developed nations do things in a different way.
(5)...
Step 4 Having a debate
T:Planning
Now let’s work in small groups.Discuss which topic you’re interested in.Group members are split into For and Against.Each member of the group is given a different role.And finally one group member will be responsible for finishing each task.
Preparing
Now sort the information you have got from various sources.You should meet,discuss and decide what information to start your debate with.The strongest should be an opening point.Remember to keep a good point.Make a list of points you come up with and list all the possible points that the opposite members may think of and decided how to argue against the points.
Producing
The group should practice the debate among many times in order not to go off the point.Each member of the group should have a few points to introduce into the debate.You need to time each section of the debate.
Presenting
At last,the groups come together to debate the topics in front of the class.You may display your research on the walls of the classroom when debating.Before the debate begins,the rest students who act as audience should decide which side of the issue you agree with.At the end of the debate,decide again.The group that has changed the minds of the most students win the debate.
Step 5 Consolidation
T:Boys and girls,let’s fill in the blanks.
Many people think our c has affected natural resources and that nature is d by us.First,we o Earth’s resources by farming,fishing,hunting and t .Second,we build new factories and create industrial waste.If we continue,we will e destroy our planet.
Some people think we should stop e development in f of nature.But from the p of view of other people,we are only using nature to m our own needs.
Many d nations are now c about saving nature while poorer nations are using resources at a fast r .They need to work together to e that people enjoy healthy lives.Humans can only really win by p nature.
S:carelessness,destroyed,overdevelop,tourism,eventually,economic,favor,point,meet,developed,concerned,rate,ensure,protecting
Step 6 Homework
Surf the Internet after class trying to find out more reading about man and nature.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus nature
The eighth period
Paragraph 1 Natural resources have been seriously affected by carelessness.
Paragraph 2 Different attitudes towards the problem.
Paragraph 3 Humans are moving towards an important point in the relationship with nature.
Paragraph 4 Humans can only really win by protecting nature
Records after Teaching
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Activities and Research
The students are divided into four groups with each group only focusing on one paragraph in Part A.They are encouraged to work together to gain the main idea and report the main idea to the others.
Before having the debate,good preparation is required,so they must study effectively.
Reference for Teaching
Background information
Topic on man versus nature
1.What is nature? It’s everything that exists in the world independently,such as plants and animals,earth and rocks,and the weather.
Now more and more people are focusing on the nature.It is no doubt that the nature is important to every human being.No nature,no life.Because of the supplies of the nature,we have lived happily for a long time.And we started to gain everything available from the nature.And this lasted so long a time.Today,people have discovered that the nature is getting worse and worse.
What is threatening the nature? Air and water pollution,over harvesting of plant and animal species,overpopulation and so on.Overpopulation is the biggest source of pollution.Let’s take overpopulation as an example.
What does overpopulation feel like? When we move slowly through the city in a taxi.When we enter a crowded slum district.When the temperature is high and when the air is thick with dust and smoke.The streets are crowded with people.The streets seem alive with people.People eating.People washing.People talking.People sleeping.People visiting each other,arguing and screaming.People relieving themselves.People pushing their hands through the taxi windows,begging.People leading animals.People,people,people,people.As we drive slowly through the crowd,sounding the taxi’s horn,the dust,heat,noise and cooking fires made it like a scene from hell! I admit,frightening.
To the nature,overpopulation is a big problem.More people,more pollution.And the big population is threatening the nature every second.
The rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries.The whole world faces the problem that raw materials are being used up at an increasing rate and food production can not keep up with the population increase.People in rich countries make the heaviest demands on the world’s resources,its food,fuel and land,and cause the most pollution.A baby born in the United States will use in his lifetime 30 times more of the world’s resources than a baby born in India.Unless all the countries of the world take united action to deal with the population explosion there will be more and more people fighting for a share of less and less land,food and fuel,and the future will bring poverty,misery and war to us all.
For most of the developing countries,it is a good idea to control the population growth.For example,China has carried out birth control for years.And this plan has a great effect on the world population.
If the population continues to increase,if the air and water continue to be polluted,if we don’t do something to protect wild-plant and wildlife species will be declining.Species and biological communities have difficulty adapting to change.Economic opportunities and the quality of life of future generations are also put at risk.By protecting nature,we protect ourselves.
Let’s unite together,hand in hand we stand all across the land.
We can make this world in which to live.Hand in hand.Control the population growth.Take good care of our nature.
2.Man and Nature is always an eternal hot topic in people’s daily life.There’s an everlasting line that connect to human beings and nature.Depending on nature,we play an important role,that’s to say our activities are closely linked to it.
Centuries ago,humans knew little about the earth and what they had done could only influence the nature a little.Nature was so quiet and kind that it welcomed people to its breast with its arm opened.People full of great ambition with their clever brain discovered all the places they could go to,which is always pioneering works in the world.However,following the discoveries of a hundred year,a century’s destruction began to stand on the stage of history.In order to live an exciting and newly life,human being tries every ways to have a good use of nature resources.The plants,animals,all the things they could see,could find were what they wanted to conquer and possess.Science and mechanical’s development caused the change of the environment around them,so pollution of air,water and noise became the most serious problems in people’s daily life.We have to think about our future with all the living creatures now,otherwise,we could not just survive but change the beautiful blue planet into a deathly big stone.
Having realized such serious problems,we should take some useful measures to keep the lung of earth free from destructions and pollution.To be more concrete,our urgent affairs at present is stop our pollution and destruction but try to invent some other equipment without any pollution;besides,in order to reduce the waste of nature resources,we can have our laws bringing into effort to control people’s immoderateness.We should consider wild animals and plants our friends but not the delicious food and try our best to stop them dying out from our homestead,because without these blessing diversities,we could not survive for the destroying of our living environment.Man is just a small part of the whole biogeocenose,the air,water and all the living and unloving wild creatures should be kept regularly peacefully and normally.A chain is no stronger than its weakest link,we would have such sayings in our mind,or else,the last drop of water would be our tear and the last animal we see could only be ourselves.
Language points
1.favour n./v. the support or approval of something or someone:
in favor of 有利于；赞同
do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙
do sb the favor to do
1)你帮忙把这个句子译成英语好吗？
Could you do me the favour to put this sentence into English?
2)他们都支持举办一次运动会。
They were all in favour of holding a sports meeting.
2.argue vi. to speak angrily to someone,telling them that you disagree with them辩论;争论
vt/vi. to give the reasons for your opinion,idea,belief,etc.说服；主张
argue(with sb)about/over sth 为某事与某人争辩
argue for/against sth 为赞成或反对某事而争辩
argue that主张
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/停止做某事
1)学生们和老师正在为手机而争辩。
The students are arguing with the teacher about the mobile phone.
2)我说服了玛丽星期天和我去逛街。
I argued Mary into going shopping with me on Sunday.
3)我们班绝大多数的学生主张这个周末去野餐。
The majority of the students in our class argue that we shall have a picnic on this weekend.
3.turn out(to be)+n./adj./that结果是
turn on/off turn up/down turn over turn into turn in turn to turn away turn round
1)那个漂亮的女士结果证明是个小偷。
The pretty lady turned out to be a thief.
2)请把收音机调低些。宝宝正在睡觉。
Please turn down the radio.The baby is sleeping.
3)如果你有任何问题，可以向警察求助。
If you have any problems,you can turn to the policeman for help.
高考链接
1.(2004广西高考)We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite________________ as planned.
A.make out
B.turn out
C.go on
D.come up
答案:B
解析:句意为:“我们本想天黑之前到家的，但是结果并不像我们计划的那样。”make out“分清/听清”，come up“开放/出版”，go on“继续”。
2.(2003上海高考）I feel it is your husband who________________for the spoiled child.
A.is to blame
B.is going to blame
C.is to be blamed
D.should blame
答案:A
解析:be to blame “该受责备的/应承担责任的”，固定短语，不用被动语态。blame sb. for sth“因……而责备某人”，blame sth on sth“把……归咎于某人”。
3.（2005海淀卷）Thank you, but I’ll have to________________your offer.
A.turn away
B.turn down
C.turn back
D.turn off
答案:B
解析:turn down“拒绝”，turn away“回绝”，turn back“阻挡/翻回到”； turn off“关掉”。
4.(2005北京高考）-Why does she always ask you for help?
-There is no one else________________, is there?
A.who to turn to
B.she can turn to
C.for whom to turn
D.for her to turn
答案:B
解析:先行词no one else指人，关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，因此可用who/whom/that引导定语从句，且可以省去。
5.（2005北京宣武一模）The speech which he made________________the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning
答案:D
解析:concerned作speech的定语，相当于which/that concerned。
Answers to the Workbook Exercises
Part A1 (Page 106)
1 anxieties/anxiety 2 interference 3 desperation
4 consideration 5 intension 6 sale
Part A2(Page 106)
1 shocked 2 fears 3 In general 4 concentrate on 5 was desperate to
6 adopted 7 eventually 8 replace 9unique 10 comment on
Part B1(Page 107)
1 (1)c (2)b (3)a2 (1)c (2) a (3)b 3 (1)c (2) a (3)b
Part B2(Page 107)
1 a careful b careless 2 a constructive b construction
3 a arguable b argument 4 a accepted b unacceptable
Part C1 (Page 108)
1 delighted 2 surrounded 3 bought by 4 heated to a certain temperature
5 helped by 6 encouraged by 7 disappointed
Part C2(Page 108)
1 satisfied2 excited3 shocked 4 encouraged by
5 unexpected 6 inspired 7 amazing
Part D1(Page 109)
1 delighted 2 cloned 3 breakthrough 4 benefited from 5 suffered from
6 organ 7 focusing 8 immoral 9 interfere 10 anxieties
Part D2 (Page 109)
1.He was praised for getting full marks in the Maths exam.
2.She had suffered from headaches ever since the accident.
3.He profited from his time spent studying in the UK.
4.I?m desperate to have a good night’s sleep.
5.She went to France with the intension of learning French.
6.Don?t interfere with her while she is studying.
7.I waited with anxiety to hear the results of the match.
8.Many people think how happy you are is related to how healthy you are.
Reading
Part A(Page 110)
1 Nanotechnology is the science of changing molecules and taoms into different objects.
2 We could use them to make a material 100 times stronger and four times lighter than steel, which can be used to build better cars and aeroplanes.
3 Nanobots could kill cancer cells in their bodies.
4 Nanotechnology could be used to make very destructive weapons and it could also be used to spy on people.
5 It is hard to build a machine you cannot see;if we make nanobots that can reproduce themselves there is a danger that their numbers will grow out of control and upset the balance of nature.
Part B(Page 111)
1 They have the ability to change into many different kinds of cell types.
2 They want to use them to make new organs or parts of the body.
3 They have to wait a long time;there aren’t enough organs available for everyone.
4 He had an accident and could not move his arms,legs or head and could not breathe without a machine;he thought stem cell research would allow him to walk and breathe again.
5 They believe that embryos are human, and scientists should not be able to create or destroy life whenever they want to.
Listening
Part A and B (Page 112)
1 10002 junior 3 Sichuan 4 5555-0201
5 computer 6 Tech-help 7 clean 8 RAM 9 50
Part C (Page 112)
1.computer 2.donates 3.1000 4.junior 5.computer
6.Tech-help 7.clean 8.ram 9.Sichuan 10.50
Writing Part B (Page 113)
It is necessary to kill all snakes
It is necessary to kill all snakes.First of all, many people fear snakes.If I ever see a snake, or even if I see a picture of a snake, my hair stands on end.I have many friends and they all feel the same.Sometimes the mere mention of a snake can make people feel uneasy.Secondly, many snakes are poisonous.There are over 3000 different kinds of snakes in the world and more than 600 of them are poisonous.When poisonous snakes bite people, the poison from their teeth goes into the human body.Each year, over 300 000 people are bitten by snakes and about 10 percent of them die as a result.In our country, there are over 50 kinds of poisonous snakes and about 10 of them are deadly.
Snakes are not only a threat to human beings.They are also a threat to a great number of animals.Only when every snake is killed can we live on Earth in peace.
模块五第三单元 Word power
The General Idea of This Period
This period is made up of two parts, prefix and suffixes and organs of the body.Students will first learn the commonly-used prefixes and suffixes which may help them work out the meanings of words that they do not know.Then students will look at two pictures to learn words and expressions related to organs of the body and read a small passage about how the body works.Students are expected to enlarge their vocabulary in this period and put the relevant words and expressions into practice.
Teaching Important Points
Try to learn the three ways to form new words — compound, derivation, conversion.Also the students should learn the vocabulary about organs of the body — lungs, heart, liver, stomach, kidneys, etc.
Teaching Difficult Points
How to guess the new words according to the ways of word formation and the other difficult point is how to remember the organs of the body.
Teaching Methods
Situational approach and task-based approach.
Teaching Aids
Multimedia and some related pictures about organs of the body.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
In some situation, students can guess what a word means by looking at its prefix or suffix.Human beings have one of the most complex bodies in the animal world.It’s important to know the names of the major organs of the body, so we may know our body better.
Process and Strategies
Ss can guess new words after learning the knowledge of word formation, after learning the organs of the body, they may know the fun_ction of each organ better than before, so they may pay attention to their way of life to form better habit of exercising.
Feelings and Values
Keeping fit is the most important thing in our life.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Revision
Answer the following questions by adding some words to the following words.
able agree appear lead novel regular respect
T:You can not find your new pen.What happened to your pen?
S:It disappeared.
T:You want to get the book on the top shelf, but you are not tall enough.Do you think you will be able to reach the book?
S:I am unable to do so.
T:The two groups at the meeting don’t agree with each other.They argued fiercely.So what is the problem between them called?
S:Disagreed.
T:Many people respect Mr.Li and think he is a good man.He helps people out and is a good citizen and friend.So can you find a word to describe,Mr.Li?
S:Respectable.
T:Miss has published several books.She loves her job writing novels.So what is Miss Wang’s occupation?
S:She is a novelist.
T:You can not find the order of the numbers in a group of numbers.So can you find a word to describe the order of the numbers?
S:It is irregular.
T:Some ads say that if you take their pills, you will be healthy, look younger, become smarter and sleep better.What can you say about this kind of ads?
S:They are misleading.
Step 2 Prefixes and suffixes
T:Look at Page 46.There are two tables about prefixes and suffixes and their meanings.Work in pairs and read the examples to each other.You need to explain the meanings of the sample words in your own words to your partners.
T:Work out in pairs and find more examples add to the tables.We will hold a competition in five minutes.The pair with the most correct examples wins.
T:Finish the exercises on Page 46 individually.You should understand the passage and the exact meanings of the prefixes and suffixes.
Answers:
1) illegal
2) disrespect
3) hopeless
4) uncertain
5) understandable
T:You’ll be divided into several groups and make a list of prefixes and suffixes and meanwhile give some more examples.
T:Teacher give more prefixes and suffixes for the students to know:
1.There are some other prefixes which can be used to represent opposite meanings of the original words.
de- decompose declassify mal- maltreatment malnutrition
non- non-smoker non-alcoholic non-profit
2.There are some other prefixes which are widely used in English.
auto- automaker automobile bi- bilingual bilateral
down- downhill downstairs downwards
ever- everlasting evergreen evermore
half- halfway halfbaked half-pay full- full-color full-size full-page
hand- hand-made hand-picked hand-wash
post- postgraduate post-industrial over- overeat overdue overwork
mid- midday midlife midnight
3.Suffixes that are used commonly are as follows:
-al cultural national original -ent different dependent existent
-ian Canadian Belgian -like childlike dreamlike lifelike
-proof waterproof soundproof bulletproof
-en widen sharpen shorten
Step 3 Organs of the body
T:Look at the pictures of the body in Part B on Page 47.Pronounce each organ correctly and know what they each refer to.
S:Try to revise what they have learned about the different expressions about organs.One student can act as a teacher, pointing to any part of his or her body and the rest pronounce the organ.
S:Read the passage in Part B on Page 47.Complete the passage individually.
Answers:1) brain
2) heart
3) liver
4) lung
5) stomach
6) kidneys
T:Ask the students to complete Part C in pairs or groups.
Step 4 Homework
Try to remember the names of the organs of the body, then read the article in Part A on Page 113 in Workbook.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 3 Science versus nature
The third period
word formation— compound, derivation, conversion
derivation—prefix, suffix,
prefixes—anti-,dis-,in-,il-,im-,ir-,pre-,pro-,re-,un-
suffixes—able, -ful, -ist, -less, -ment, -ness
organs of the body—brain, lungs, heart, liver, stomach, shoulder, etc.
Records after Teaching
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Activities and Research
1.Students are supposed to think of more prefixes and suffixes and give more examples.Also they are supposed to develop the ability to guess the new words which are formed according to the rules of word formation.
2.Make a brief conclusion about the organs of their body, and know the importance of keeping healthy.
Reference for Teaching
英语构词法知识——常见的前缀和后缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
dis- dishonest in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, nonsense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
mis-, mistake, mislead
3)表示反动作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示相反，相互对立意思
anti-, ant- antiknock(防震), antiforeign(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀
1)a- 表示“在……之上”“向……” aboard, aside
2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” circumstance, circuit
4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend, degrade
5)en-, 表示“在内，进入” encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外” exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction （提取）
8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, Internet
11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧” introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间” Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward
14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-, 表示“向后，在后边，次” postscript(附言)
16)pre-, 表示“在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前” progress, proceed
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-, 表示“在……之上” superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-, 表示“在……下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示时间，序列关系的前缀
1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先” antecedent, anticipate
2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧” expresident, exhusband
3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面” foreward, forecast, foretell(预言)
4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, midsummer
5)post-，表示“在后，后”postwar
6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前” prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)
8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新”retell, rewrite
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-, 表示“副，次要的” byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-,表示“超越，额外” extraordinary
3)hyper- 表示“超过，极度” hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out-,表示“超过，过分” outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太” overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur- 表示“超过” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣，低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice- 表示“副，次” vicepresident, vicechairman
5.表示共同，相等的前缀
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6.表示整个完全的前缀
1)al- 表示“完整，完全” alone, almost,
2) over-表示“完全，全” overall, overflow(充满)
3) pan-表示“全，总，万” panentheism(泛神论)，panorama
7.表示分离，离开的前缀
1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离，离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)de- 表示“离去，除去” depart, decolour
3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分离，离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)
4)ex-, e-, 表示“离开，分离” expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)
5)for- 表示“离开，脱离” forget, forgive
6)表示“离开” release, resolve
7)表示“分离，隔离” separate, seduce, select
8.表示通过，遍及的前缀
1)dia-,表示“通过，横过” diameter, diagram
2)per-, pel-, 表示“通，总，遍” perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
3)trans-, 表示“横过，贯通” transparent, transmit, transport
9.表示加强的前缀
1）a-, arouse, ashamed
2）ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着)
10.表示数量关系的前缀
1)mon-, mon- 表示“单一”，“一”
monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表示“二，两，双” ambi- ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)
bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管)，
twi-, twilight
3)deca, deco-, dec- deci-,表示“十” decade, decimals
4)hecto-, hect-, 表示“百，百分子一” centi-, hectometer,centimeter
5)表示“千，千分子一” kilo-, kilometer
6)表示“半，一半” hemi-, hemisphere demi-, demiofficial semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent pene-, pen-, peninsula
11.表示术语的前缀
1)aud-, 表示“听，声” audience
2)bio-, 表示“生命，生物” biography(传记)
3)ge-, 表示“地球，大地” geography
4)phon-, 表示“声，音调” phonograph
5)tele-, 表示“远离” television, telephone
二、常见的后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ain, 表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian
2)-al, 表示“具有……职务的人” principal
3)-ant,-ent, 表示“……者” merchant, agent, servant, student
4)-ar, 表示“……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art, 表示“做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian, 表示“……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary, 表示“从事……的人” secretary, missionary
8)-ant, 表示“具有……职责的人” candidate, graduate
9)-ator, 表示“做……的人” educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat, 表示“某种政体，主义的支持者” democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee, 表示“动作承受者” employee, examinee
12)-eer, 表示“从事于……人” engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人” banker, observer, Londoner, villager
14)-ese, 表示“ ……国人，……地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
15)-ess, 表示“阴性人称名词”,actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur, 表示“……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表示“……地方人，信仰……教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician
18)-ician, 表示“精通者,……家”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表示“……家,……者,……能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic, 表示“……者，……师” mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表示“爱，指小” dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier, 表示“从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
23)-ine, ian, 表示“阴性人称” heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive, 表示“动作者，行为者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表示“……学家，研究者” biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or, 表示“……者” author, doctor, operator
28)-ster, 表示“做……事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
29)-yer, 表示“从事……职业者” lawyer
(2)构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称” courage, storage, marriage
3)-al, a) 表示“事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency
6)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, feasibility
7)-craft, 表示“工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
8)-cracy, 表示“统治，支配” bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表示“性质，状态，职位，级别” bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy
10)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry, 表示“行为，状态，习性” bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety, 表示“性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture, 表示“作成，……化，作用” satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood, 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态” childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice, 表示“行为，性质，状态” notice, justice, service
16)-ine, 表示“带有抽象概念” medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing, 表示“动作的过程，结果” building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action
solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise, 表示“性质，状态” exercise, merchandise(商业)
20)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表示“动作的结果，状态” ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our, 表示“动作，性质，状态” favor, error,
26)-osity, 表示“动作，状态” curiosity
27)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
28)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)
31)-y, 表示“行为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3)带有场所，地方的含义
1)-age, 表示“住所，地点” village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示“住所，场地” library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示“工作场所，饲养所，地点” laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)- ory, 表示“工作场所，住处” factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4)带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery, 表示“学科，技术” chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表示“……学，术，法” photography, philosophy
(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)
5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
3)-ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing, clothing, matting,
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle,
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling,
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
2.形容词后缀
（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2) 表示“相像，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent
(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous
3)-fic, scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
(6) 表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble
2)-ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese
3)-ish, English, Spanish
(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less, 表示否定countless stainless wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4.副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
Language points
similar:adj.looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same:
My father and I have similar views on politics.我和父亲政治观点差不多。
I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.
我买了一些新鞋和我以前的一双相似。
Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.Paul 在外貌上和他弟弟相像。
短语:be similar to... 和……相似 be similar in... 在……相似
similarity:n.［C or U］ similarly:adv.
remove:v.［T］to take something or someone away from somewhere, or off something:
The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.
这些人来把后院的垃圾清理掉了。
Hearing your opinion has removed my last doubts/suspicions about her.
听了你的观点打消了我对她最后的疑虑。
removal n.［U］
Human body is a single unit but is made up of many small parts.
人体是一个单位，但它是由很多小器官构成的。
be made of 只改变其形状，不改变其性质，“由……制成/组成”。
be made from 其制作过程发生了化学变化，“由……制成/组成”。
be made in 某地制造的，即“产地”
A be made into B A可以制成B
be made out of 做成整个成品的材料
be made up of “由……组成/构成”，强调事物的组成部分，既可指人，又可指物。
高考链接
1.Do you know the girl________________ us in the meeting?
A.introduced to
B.introducing to
C.introduced for
D.introduced into
答案:A
解析:句意为：“你认识会上那位别人介绍给我们的女孩吗？”
the girl和 introduced为逻辑上的被动关系；introduced to us 作定语修饰the girl。
2.Strangely the story________________ is popular________________ the young.
A.made up;to
B.made up of;with
C.made up of;to
D.made up;with
答案:D
解析:句意为：“很奇怪，这个编造的故事很受年轻人的欢迎。”此处make up “编造”，与story为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。be popular with“受……的欢迎”。
3.At that time slaves were________________ of not as human beings, but as animals.
A.regarded
B.sold
C.bought
D.thought
答案:A
解析:think of sb/sth as...= regard sb/sth as...。
4.（2006上海春季高考) In the dream Peter saw himself________________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A.chased
B.to be chased
C.be chased
D.having been chased
答案:A
解析:过去分词作宾语补足语。B项为动词不定式的被动形式，多表示将来的动作；C 项为动词被动式，D项为现在分词的完成被动式，语法、结构上均不合理。
5.(2005上海高考)At a rough estimate, Nigeria is________________ Great Britain.
A.three times the size as
B.the size three times of
C.three times as the size of
D.three times the size of
答案:D
解析:本题考查倍数的表达法。倍数的表达法有三种:...times + as + adj./adv.+ as+ ...；...times + the comparative degree of adj./adv.+ than + ...；...times + the + n.(width, size, length, breadth, level, value, velocity ) + of +...
高二英语模块五默写竞赛
班级 姓名
Words:
n.气候
v.感谢，欣赏，赞赏
vt.使印象深刻
v.回收利用
n.数量
nv逮捕
adv.非法地
vn.减少
v.消耗，耗费，消费
10.v.克服，解决
11.n.话题
12.v.发誓,郑重承诺,咒骂
13.v.不喜欢,厌恶
14.v.羡慕,忌妒
15.adj.愉快的,高兴的
16.v.出卖,背叛
17.n.态度,看法
18.n.复习,修订,修改
19.v.收养,采用,采纳
20.n.结果,后果
21.n.水道,航道，隧道
22．n.收入，收益
23．n.害虫
24.n.罪行,罪
25.n.突破
26.v.实施,指挥乐队
27.n.饥饿
28．adj.可依赖的，可依靠的
29．adj.小心的，谨慎的
30．adj.全世界的
31．adv.真诚地
32．adj.极佳的，卓越的
33．vn.评论，谈论
34．adj.准确的，精确的
35．v.证实，证明，确认，使确信
36．modify
37.physician
38.embryo
39.engine
40.conservation
41.administration
42.adolescent
43.economy
44.athletic
45.desertification
46.nutrition
47.petrol
48.awkward
49.acquaintance
50.catastrophe
Phrases:
自由发言
把…嵌入到.,.里, 把.,.插入到…里
减少,削减,缩减
排队等候
找出,挑出
最后成为，最终处于
尤其，特别
认真考虑
假装干某事
与…步调一致,同步
集中于, 聚焦于
和某人争吵某事
(用电话)接通
不管,不顾
幸亏,由于
用尽
…的大部分
耗尽体力,累垮
效仿某人
努力推进,义无反顾的进行
戏弄,摆弄
全神贯注于,集中于
尽自己的职责
关于,至于
进行中
排放
观点,着眼点
从…中受益获益
采取措施干某事
赞同,支持
宽恕怜悯某人
完全同意某事
以…为目的或意图,为了
关心,担心
对…友好
对…敏感
遵守诺言
毕竟，终究
干某事是某人的责任
从…到…范围的变化
Sentences:
He some really bad things just me .为了伤害我，他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情。
Friendships between girls feeling and support , but friendships between boys activities or interests. 女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。
It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals , the wild animal population . 该组织还监视长江，阻止非法捕捞。非法捕捞已经威胁到野生动物的数量。
Many people this change such as carbon dioxide. 许多人将这一变化归咎于二氧化碳等气体。
Research production profits , that GM foods are safe. 目前的研究只局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。
Project 导学案
3-D teaching objectives:
Knowledge and skills
1. Let students comprehend the two passages completely.
2. Learn some useful and important phrases and sentence structures.
3. Use the sentences structures to make sentences by themselves.
Process and methods
1. Review the new words appearing in project.
2. Skimming the passages.
3.Discussion and Recitation(朗读)
Emotion and values.
1.Help the students find the feeling of happiness.
2.Learn to appreciate our lives.
Teaching procedures:
StepⅠ:Review the new words on page 77.
A: Read them out aloud.
Last lesson we have known something about SangLan Who find her happiness with a physical disability. Today, we’ll also learn two passages related to our own happiness.
First, let review the new word appearing in page30.and 31.
OK, very good.
B: Make sure you know the meaning of those words.
Now, check the meaning of the words below. innocent
income
adolescence
vivid
predict
guarantee
handy
simplify
maximum
minimum
mature
secure
StepⅡ: Comprehend the two passages and then finish the chart and questions.
A:Please fill in each blank within three words.
Charact
-ers
A an old man
A schoolgirl
1______
The school days were the happiest time.
The happiest time will be 2_______
3______
Had no worries
●Spent all day outside
playing with his friends.
●Could see friends, visit
Grandparents, read books and play sport at the weekends.
●Had no need to 4______
How to take care of a family.
New technology will give us
7______ lives.
Humans will have learnt to 8____ many of the problems then.
Maybe we will enjoy a shorter workday.
●Robots and computers will 9________ the boring things.
5_________
●Ran many kilometers and did not feel tired.
●6______ he could do anything.
She will be an adult.
●She will be able to make decisions10_____.
●She will have a secure job and find happiness in being successful at it.
B: Read the text(P30-P31)and choose the best answers.
1:In the essay ‘Golden days”, the author thinks that____ plays a very important role in happiness
A. the best friend
B. perfect income
C. the great accomplishment
D. good health
2: From “golden days” we can know that author_______.
A. is in good health and never feels tired
B. could never find anything interesting to talk about
C. had the happiest days when studying in the countryside
D. had to worry about many things to support his family
3:In the essay “My future happiness”, the author mainly tells us the technology of the future will__________
A. make people lazy
B. make people’s life better
C. ruin people’s life
D. cause many problems for people
Check the answers.
1. opinions. 2. in the future.
3. reasons. 4. worry about /think about
5. hlad good health 6.Felt like.
7. healthier and longer 8. fix
9.assist us with 10. by herself /on her own
Part B: 1.D. 2.C. 3.B.
StepⅢ:Discussion and Recitation.(朗读)
Next, Let find out the important phrases and sentences
A: find out the important phrases
1.focus on
2. be surrounded by
3. ahead of
4. in a rush
5. at work
6. fix the problems
7. instant meals
8. feel like
9. have a secure job
10. 回顾，回看
11. 在我人生的那个时候
12. 自己做决定
13.帮助某人做某事
14.集中。 15.被….围绕
16.在…..前面 17. 勿忙。
18.在工作中 19解决问题
20快夕 21.感觉像
22.有份稳定的工作 . 23look back on
24. at that point in my life 25.mak my ovon decision
26.assist sb with sth /in doing sth/to do sth
B: Find out the sentences which can describe your feelings or that will encourage you to find happiness.
Last lesson.we have leamt haw to appreciate the beautiful sentences this time. Find them out on your own.
eg: I didn’s have any worries in life.
1.
2.
3.
4.
StepⅣ: Express yourself freely.
This unit we have learn three essays about happiness. We all know that happiness means different things to different people. So cry to express your happiness.
What is your happiness? How can we find it?
Project
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
cozy, annoyed, wander, crowded, entire, raise, meaningfully, official-looking, paper, bow, dash, re-enter, fool, tear, exit, emergency, burst, empty-handed, poster, glare, roll, for a while, go on, burst in, glare at, hold out, a roll of, toilet paper
b. 重点句型
I must have forgotten to tell you.
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable students to perform a short play.
3. Emotional goals学能目标
Help students to learn how to prepare a play, and also some acting skills.
Step Ⅰ Lead-in
Ask students to read the two comic plays on Pages 14-15.
T: Yesterday we read the summary of The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare. Have you ever seen the play?
Ss: Yes.
T: Have you ever acted in a play?
Ss: Yes. / No.
T: Would you like to act in a play?
Ss: Yes.
T: Today we are going to put on a play. First let’s read the two comic plays on Pages 14-15. Then you will discuss which play to act out.
Step Ⅱ Reading
For the first time, Teacher will play the tape for students to imitate the pronunciation and intonation. Then ask students to read the two comic plays on Pages 14-15. While reading, students should pay attention to the stage directions.
T: Now I will play the tape for you to listen. Please pay attention to the pronunciation and the changes of intonation as well as the stage directions. After listening, you will be given several minutes to read the two plays.
Step Ⅲ Explanation
After students finish reading the two plays, explain the difficult sentences to students. Before explaining the difficult sentences, students are asked to refer to Notes 18-22 on P67-68.
Step Ⅳ Discussion
Ask the students to work in groups, discuss which play to choose. After the discussion, they will decide which play to act out. Then they will discuss who will play which each character and who will be the director.
Preparing
The group members will discuss what kind of scenery they will need and who will make it. They will also discuss if they need props and who will find them. They will decide if they need costumes and who will make them or find them. When the final decision is made, they should find a good place and proper time to practise it.
Producing
When everything is settled, students will practice the play. When they practise the play, make sure everyone should listen to the director. The director will help them learn their lines in the most believable way possible. Every member should learn his lines by heart. He or she also needs to know where the character is supposed to stand on the stage. They are expected to be dressed in costumes.
Presenting
After some practice outside of class, students will present their performance to the whole class.
Step Ⅴ Homework
Practice the play they choose and get prepared to act out the play in the class.
Finish Exercises B1, B2 on Page 101.
虚拟语气 -------导学案
一、回顾上单元的if虚拟语气,请填表格:
If 从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
1. If you _________ (listen) to the teacher carefully yesterday, you __________ (know) how to answer this question now.
2．If you_________(come) and attended the meeting yesterday, you __________ (know ) what we are doing now.
3．If you ___________ (follow) my advice, you ___________ (be) in trouble now.
★ 以上虚拟语气叫做错综条件虚拟语气，因为假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照它所表示的时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would give it up = __________________________________
2.If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
= ___________________________________________________________
3.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
= ______________________________________________
4.If there should be a flood, what should we do = ____________________________
★以上虚拟语气是if省略的倒装句型。should，were，had三个助动词提至句首。
★虚拟语气特殊句型：
________________________________. 我希望和你一样高。
________________________________. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
________________________________. 我希望明下雨就好了。
①wish / if only/as if 现在：__________ 过去：____________ 未来：__________
I would rather you _______ (pay) me now.
I would rather you ___________ (go) yesterday.
Don’t come. I would rather you _________(come) tomorrow.
②would rather that 现在/未来：___________ 过去：___________
你该走了。It’s high time that __________________________
我们该去睡觉了。It’s time _____________________________
③It’s (about/high) time +that ______________
The guard at gate insisted that everybody _______(obey)the rules.
He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that ______(send) to hospitals at once.
He suggested that we_________(have) a meeting at once.
His pale face suggested that he________(be) ill.
④表示要求、命令、建议的词，即1.insist （坚决要求）、demand、require、 request 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose ,recommend这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +v，或者将should省略。●以上动词相应的名词构成的从句也要使用虚拟语气。1.demand, request, reqirement 2.order, command 3.advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation,
It is important that we _____________ (master) a foreign language.
It is strange that she ____________ (refuse) to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we ____________ (study) hard.
⑤It’s necessary /strange/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
二、本单元的学习重点：含蓄条件句
or, otherwise（否则） / with, without, but for（若非，倘若没有，要不是）代替if 从句来表示隐含的虚拟语气。
Without examinations，students today _____________(live) a much happier life.
I was busy yesterday, or/otherwise I ______________(come) to help you.
将下列含蓄条件句改成if 条件虚拟
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
= _______________________________________________
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
= _______________________________________________
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
= _____________________________________________
I am too busy now, otherwise I would help you clean the house.
= ________________________________________________
They got two tickets; otherwise they wouldn’t have been able to go to Canada.
= _______________________________________________________
▲ He ________________(succeed), but he was too careless.
动词填空：
1．Doctor Zhang, I can’t thank you enough, because without your help, I ___________(not survive) the accident. (wouldn’t have survived)
2. We’re going to have a picnic tomorrow. If only it ___(stop) raining !(would stop )
3. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _________(be) there.(had been )
4.I lost your address, otherwise I _______(visit) you long before. (would have visited)
5. —Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
—Yes, I would have, but I ___________(be) very busy. (was)
6. They urged that the library ___________(keep) open during the vacation. (should be kept )
7.I forget where I read the article, or I _________(show) it to you now.(would show)
8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____( not fall) in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(hadn’t fallen)
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___(break).(were broken)
10. But for the help you gave me, I _______________________(not pass) the examinations.(wouldn’t have passed)
练习
1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. __________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in the past five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d_________ there by now.
A. be B. have been C. were D. been
13. I wish I ___________ with her in the future.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C.wrote some compositions of his or her D.had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. If, didn’t leave B. Had, not left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave
23. It is time that the government ____measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we ______ lease (租约)before the end of the month.
A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent
C. be sent to D. must be sent to
36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
39. If only I ________ driving before.
A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn
40. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
A． had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught
41. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned B.must have telephoned
C.would telephone D. had telephoned
42. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started
C. not be started D.is not to be started
43. From what you have said, it is clear that UNICEF wouldn’t be so popular it not done so much for children.
A. if B. had C. should D. were
44. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. ________________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking.
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much.
C.Health is more important than drink.
D. I wonder why he is always doing so.
45. “Mary looks hot and dry.” “So ________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D.would
46. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up
47. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you __________.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BAAAC AADDB
21 ~ 40: CBBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC
41—47. ACBDD BB
