【备战中考】初中英语冲刺 话题十二 自然、世界与环境 专练（含答案）

话题十二　自然、世界与环境
一、完形填空
(2021·四川广安中考)It is said that Chinese people are the most friendly in the world. When foreign people visit a Chinese family, the Chinese family will shake hands with them. As 1 ， the foreign people will be surprised at the warmth that they 2 . When you visit a Chinese family, the host often makes tea for you and gets you biscuits or candies. They will also chat with you, and you will never feel lonely.
At the same time, they will be busy 3 a meal for you. Chinese people often offer 4 guests a big meal. They always prepare 5 more food than the guests can eat. On the table, the guests must be the first to eat. One of the most surprising things 6 that the Chinese host likes to pick food for guests. The Chinese family try to make you at home. When you finish eating, the host 7 says, “It seems that you didn't eat much. Please have more.” You tell them you have been full, 8 they will still put more food in your bowl.
Being warm is an important part of Chinese culture. Confucius said in 9 years ago, “To meet friends from a place far away, how 10 we are！” Haha, I think you should remember it.
1．A.passengers B．customers
C．hosts D．guests
2．A.receive B．accept C．hear D．discuss
3．A.to prepare B．preparing C．to pay D．paying
4．A.her B．their C．his D．our
5．A.very B．a lot of C．a lot D．many
6．A.are B．is C．was D．were
7．A.suddenly B．never C．usually D．finally
8．A.because B．but C．if D．while
9．A.two thousands B．two thousand of
C．thousand of D．thousands of
10．A.sad B．interested C．bored D．happy
二、阅读理解
(2021·广西桂林中考)Water is important to all living things, but some areas in the world are short of water a lot. So we should try to protect and save water.
A group of students from Zhejiang University have successfully developed an “air hand－washing machine”. The machine uses an infrared ray induction system(红外线感应系统), which can feel the presence of our hands. If it feels there are hands, the water with the air will come from the tap. And it has been proven that it is nearly as effective as traditional hand－washing. It uses only ten percent of the water that regular hand－washing does. The students have even set up a company to introduce the product to the public.
Li Qizhang, a member of the team that developed the machine, told a reporter that a model of their machine had already been placed in a classroom building at the university and it worked very well.
In 2014, a student called Chen Puyang first thought of the idea while he was washing his hands. Washing one's hands uses a lot of water, Chen thought. Would it be possible to replace the water with air Others may not give the question a second thought. However, for Chen and Li, who were studying fluid mechanics(流体力学) at the time, this was considered to be an excellent idea.
Soon, Chen, Li and several classmates started on the project. After a year of research, the team came up with a gravity－driven(重力驱动) hand－washing machine successfully.
1．The underlined word “presence” means “________” in Paragraph 2.
A．形状 B．存在 C．距离 D．影响
2．The underlined sentence in the 4th paragraph means ________．　
A．other people may not spend a second thinking about the question again
B．other people may think it is impossible to use air instead of water
C．other people may not think or worry about the question at all
D．other people may think there is no answer to the question　
3．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．the air “hand－washing machine” will be expensive
B．you can wash your hands clean without any electricity
C．you can buy the “air hand－washing machine” in the shop now
D．the students developed the machine by the knowledge of fluid mechanics
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the “air hand－washing machine”？
A．A company was set up to produce the machine.
B．It doesn't need any water when you wash your hands.
C．It was invented by two students from Zhejiang University.
D．The idea of the machine came to Chen's mind in a sudden.
5．Compared with the “air hand－washing machine”， how much water can be wasted by regular hand－washing
A．Only ten percent of the water.
B．About twenty percent of the water.
C．About ninety percent of the water.
D．A hundred percent of the water.
三、综合填空
(2021·浙江衢州中考)They eat wild animals, plants, berries, nuts, and insects. They hunt with bows and arrows. There are lots of dangerous snakes and spiders. It's one of southern Africa's 1.________(hot) places, and there is often no water. Then they have to get water from plants. 2.________ they are ill, there are no hospitals. The people have to get medicine from plants too.
They are the San, 3.________ last people living in the Kalahari. The San people have another name—“bush people”. 4.________(they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do. The San people live in small groups of 25～50. They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses 5.________(make) of wood and grass. There are no schools for the children. Children learn from the older people in the group. There are lots of things they have to learn so that they can live 6.________ a dangerous place like the Kalahari. In the evenings, the group of people often sit around a fire and tell stories.
The Kalahari is a big area of bushland in the southern Africa. It 7.________(have) two parts. There is less rain in the southern part than in the northern part, 8.________ the south is drier. There are fewer plants and animals there, and it's more difficult for people 9.________(live). But when it rains at the end of the summer, the land becomes greener and more beautiful. For a few weeks, there are 10.________(million) of little flowers and even butterflies!
四、阅读表达
(2021·山东日照中考改编)Farmer Pak Sadiman has made it his task to do something about Central Java's water shortage problem, little by little.
He has changed his dry village into a place rich in groundwater by planting trees on nearby land for the last 19 years, and he is encouraging others to join in, too.
Sadiman realized that the land was in need of some water when the Gendol River—previously(以前) the source of water for villagers—was quickly drying up. Even rubber trees, the local people's main source of income(收入来源), were so dry that they could no longer produce rubber latex(橡胶乳). It was then that Sadiman took action so that his children and grandchildren could take advantage of the planted trees.
“Banyan(榕树) trees, unlike rubber trees, can keep groundwater. The more banyan trees are planted, the more clean water villagers will get，” he thought. Although he went through a hard time, the farmer never became discouraged from achieving his goal—providing his village with a clean water source.
He's planted at least 11，000 trees over the last 19 years, and his village seems to have escaped from the dry season. Villagers have joined in Sadiman's efforts and worked alongside him to plant the trees. “Pak Sadiman is our hero. This village used to fight with water shortage, but now we have enough water because of him，” said the head of the village.
Sadiman said as long as he's healthy, he'll continue to plant trees to help provide clean water for his villagers.
1．What problem did the village have
________________________________________________________________
2．What did Sadiman do to solve the problem
________________________________________________________________
3．How long has Sadiman been working on the task
________________________________________________________________
4．What does the underlined phrase “escape from” in Paragraph 5 mean
________________________________________________________________
5．What do you think of Sadiman
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、1～5 DABBC　6～10 BCBDD
二、1～5 BBDDC
三、1.hottest　2.When/If　3.the　4.Their　5.are made
6．in　7.has　8.so　9.to live　10.millions
四、1.Water shortage./The village was short of water./The villagers suffered from drought.
2．He solved the problem by planting a large number of banyan trees. Besides, he encouraged other villagers to join in the task.
3．For 19 years.
4．Get rid of/Stay away from/Be free from.
5．He is a hero/wise man./He is a common man with perseverance/a determined mind./He is unselfish./He is hard－working.