【备战中考】初中英语冲刺 话题十三 科普知识与现代技术、故事与诗歌、著名人物 专练（含答案）

话题十三 科普知识与现代技术、故事与诗歌、著名人物
一、完形填空
(2021·山东潍坊中考)Space suits don't just make astronauts look cool. Without these 1 suits, astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn't be able to 2 on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.
Space is a 3 place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation(辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us 4 . Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold 5 other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they 6 outside their spaceship without their suits. With a space suit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.
Space suits keep astronauts 7 sealed(密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 8 astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast－moving space dust. 9 the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas(睡衣)with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to 10 astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!
1．A.private B．special C．plastic D．expensive
2．A.run B．walk C．live D．surf
3．A.funny B．natural C．beautiful D．dangerous
4．A.sick B．bored C．strong D．relaxed
5．A.after B．since C．before D．while
6．A.rushed B．jumped C．stepped D．escaped
7．A.safely B．quickly C．quietly D．terribly
8．A.who B．this C．that D．whether
9．A.Above B．Under C．Behind D．Between
10．A.wash away B．warm up
C．cool off D．clean out
二、阅读理解
(2021·湖南永州中考)Can a green machine help the world's poorest kids learn better Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty(贫穷) will have their own laptop computers!
Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child(OLPC). The people at OLPC don't work for money. They work to help children learn. OLPC makes computers that don't cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people living in poverty. The governments then give the computers to kids for free.
The XO Laptop computers are made for school－aged children in developing nations. Many of these children live in faraway areas and go to schools with classrooms. In order to work, the laptops have to be lasting and student－friendly.
The machines have many fun characters like a built－in video camera, voice recording, and games. The WiFi lets students share information on the Web and read e－books. They also can make music and chat with friends.
Another great character is that it can last for a long time. It can be hand charged and also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel. Because of these characters the XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment.
The computers have a colorful name—“the green machine”. Negroponte thinks they could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved with education.”
OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. China and Egypt also want to take part in the program. After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty.
1．Negroponte thinks his laptop computers will help the world's poorest kids to ________．
A．work at home
B．go to school on time
C．learn better
2．What can we know about the people at OLPC according to Paragraph 2
A．They work for money.
B．They give computers to kids for free.
C．They sell computers to governments with many people living in poverty.
3．Why do XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment
A．Because they are lasting and student－friendly.
B．Because they are made for school－aged children.
C．Because they have a colorful name.
4．What does the underlined word “charged” mean in Chinese
A．携带 B．充电 C．使用
5．Who will get most of the computers in the next few years
A．Kids in Thailand.
B．Kids in China.
C．Kids in Egypt.
三、综合填空
根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空。
(2021·广西贺州中考)
with　quick　one　thing　but be　danger　side　watch　who
Many years ago, there lived a very rich man. He wanted to do something nice for the people in his town. So he hoped to find out 1.________ was worth getting his help. 2.________ of all, he put a large stone in the center of the main road in the town. Then he hid behind a tree and 3.________.
Soon a farmer came along 4.________ his cow. “Who put this stone in the center of the road？” said the farmer. But he did not remove the stone. He passed the stone 5.________ and continued his way. Then several other people came and did the same 6.________ as the farmer did. All of them complained about the stone, 7.________ no one removed it.
In the late afternoon, a young man came. He saw the stone and said, “It will be dark soon, and there 8.________ no street lamps(路灯) here. Someone may be fallen over by the stone. It must be very 9.________.” The young man began to move the stone. After the stone was moved to one 10.________ of the road, he found a bag of money and a note under the stone. The note said, “The money is for the thoughtful person who cares about other people. That person deserves help.”
四、阅读表达
(2021·重庆中考B卷)In 1988, Wang Chengbang retired(退休) from the army. Instead of enjoying a relaxing life, he volunteered to save the soil from desertification(沙漠化) by planting trees in Korla, Xinjiang.
It is no easy job. The high temperature in Korla makes it difficult for anyone to work day after day in the sunshine. Besides, water is a big problem. In fact, Wang Chengbang's work in the first few years failed as very few trees survived(存活)．
But Wang Chengbang would not give up. “After trying many different ways, I have learned how to grow young trees in a better way，”said Wang Chengbang. He also worked out new ways to save water. With his hard work, more and more trees have survived. So far, he has planted more than 1.5 million trees. Those green trees prevent desertification, make the air cleaner and protect people from the hot sun. Now, Korla is a model city in environmental protection.
Wang Chengbang is also successful in fighting cancer(癌症). In 2005, he had cancer and was told that he had only six months to live. However, he continued taking care of his trees rather than lying on the hospital bed. “Working is the best medicine. Planting trees helps to fight cancer，” he often jokes.
Now at the age of 85, Wang Chengbang is still working.
1．Is it an easy job for Wang Chenbang to plant trees
________________________________________________________________
2．How many trees has Wang Chengbang planted so far
________________________________________________________________
3．What is Wang Chengbang successful in
________________________________________________________________
4．In the summer holiday, do you want to be a volunteer to work with Wang Chengbang Why or why not
________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、1～5 BBDAD　6～10 AACBC
二、1～5 CCABA
三、1.who　2.First　3.watched　4.with　5.quickly
6．thing　7.but　8.are　9.dangerous　10.side
四、1.No, it isn't.
2．More than 1.5 million trees.
3．He is successful in fighting cancer.
4．答案不唯一，言之有理即可。