Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar and Study Skills 辅导课件 (共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Unit 1
Past and Present （II）
01
Life is like a pencil... Start very sharp... The experience becomes smooth... If you can't bear it, it will break.
课堂导入
Cities at different times
in the past at present
in the past
at present
The city has changed a lot. Everything has changed now.
What about you andyour famil
Have you changed, too
02
Life is like a pencil... Start very sharp... The experience becomes smooth... If you can't bear it, it will break.
知识梳理
Part 1
Grammar
We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
I have lived here since I was born.
一、现在完成时的概念
①表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。
例如∶ He has studied English for 6 years.
他已经学习英语六年了。
Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.
自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙
We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.
Eddie has just eaten Hobo's food.
(Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
一、现在完成时的概念
②表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--Would you like some bread 你想要一些面包吗
--No，thanks.I have had my breakfast.不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。（对现在的影响∶不饿）
--Why don't you drive to your office 你为什么不开车去办公室啊
--Because my car has broken.因为我的车坏了。（对现在的影响∶ 车没办法开了）
We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
I have already read this book many times.
I have already read this book many times.
time此处表示"次数"是可数名词。
英语中"一次"用once表达，"两次"用twice表达，从三次开始用"基数词+times"表达。
例如∶ We watch TV four times a week.
二、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时是由"助动词 have（has）+动词的过去分词"构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
例句∶He has already finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。
He hasn't finished his homework yet.他还没有做完作业。
---Has he finished his homework yet 他已经做完作业了吗
---Yes，he has. / No，he hasn't.是的，做完了。/ 不，还没有。
三、常和现在完成时连用的时间状语
1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
例如∶ We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。
2) 用ever"曾经"和never"从未"。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。
例如∶ Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你曾经去过长城吗
I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
3) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just，before，up to now，so far，until now， in the past few years等。
例如∶ I have seen her before，but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。
4) 用for+一段时间，since+时间点。
例如∶ I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。
Ive lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。
Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。
B Speak up:We haven't seen each other since then.
Millie is telling Sandy about an old friend.Work in pairs and tell your partner about the changes in your life. Use the conversation below as a model.
Millie: I met my old friend Becky last week. She's just returned from the USA.
Sandy: Really When did you last see each other
Millie: About five years ago. She went abroad with her parents. We haven't seen each other since then.
Sandy: Oh, you were still at primary school then. So how do you keep in touch with each other
Millie: We mainly. communicate by email. The Internet makes communication much easier.
Sandy: Exactly.
1、She's just returned from the USA.
这里的return表示"返回"，后面接表示地点的名词时要加介词to. 另外return还可以作及物动词，表示"归还"∶return sth. to sb. "归还某人某物"
例如∶ He returned home late last night.
Please return the book to the library on time.
2、When did you last see each other.
last作副词，表示"最近，上一次"。
例如∶I last saw him in Bejing five years ago.
3、She went abroad with her parents.
abroad是副词，意为"在国外，到国外"，前面不加介词。
例如∶She worked abroad for a year.
4、So how do you keep in touch with each other
keep in touch with sb. "和某人保持联系"
get in touch with sb. "同某人取得联系"
例如∶ Did you get in touch with him
5、We mainly communicate by email.
communicate 用作不及物动词，表示"交流，交际"∶
communicate with sb. "和某人交流"
名词形式为communication∶
have communication with sb. "与某人交流"
例如∶ Many teenagers have no communication with their parents.
用正确的时态填空∶
1. She ______________(live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them_______________(be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them_______________(come)to Hong Kong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour_______________ (pass)since the train______________(leave).
5. Mary___________ just___________(lose) her pen. _________ she________(see) it anywhere
6. ____________ you _____________(find) your watch yet
7. --Are you thirsty --No.I______________ just ______________(have)some orange.
Keys: 1. has lived 2. have been 3. came 4. has passed, left 5. has lost, Has seen 6. Have found 7. have had
8. We__________ already ___________(return) the book.
9. ___________ they ___________(build) a new school in the village last year
10. I________________(not finish) my homework. Can you help me
11. Don't make noise. My father_________________(sleep) in the room.
12. I________________(buy)a book just now.
13. My father___________________(read) books every evening.
14. My father____________________(read) the novel twice.
Keys: 8. have returned 9. Did build 10. haven’t finished 11. is sleeping 12. bought 13. reads 14. has read
Part 2
Study Skills
Facts and opinions（事实和观点）
我们在写作时经常会用到陈述事实和表达观点的句子。事实是指客观存在的事物或是事情，通常包括姓名、日期、事件和数字等。观点则是表达我们对于某件事物或事情的感觉、想法等。
例如∶
Beijing is the capital of China. (Fact)F
Beijing is the best city in the world. (Opinion)O
Many changes have taken place in my hometown. (Fact)F
The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun. (Opinion)O
课文中也有一些例句∶
Facts
It was in the bowl an hour ago.
We only had some small restaurants and shops years ago. I met my old friend Becky last week.
Opinions
You used to be so kind to me.
It's really nice to have a beautiful modern town. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
当我们写作时，我们用事实支持我们的观点。我们可以先给出事实，然后再陈述自己的观点。
Opinion ：My hometown is beautiful.
Facts：There are green hills all around. A river runs through the centre of town.
判断
1.We have more subjects to learn.
2. I is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
3. When I was in primary school, I walked to school with my mum.
4. Now I go to school by bus on my own.
5. I spend more time on my homework than before.
6. Some subjects are difficult.
F
O
F
F
F
O
03
Life is like a pencil... Start very sharp... The experience becomes smooth... If you can't bear it, it will break.
典型例题
例1. --______ you ever________to Xinjiang --Yes, I_________ there last year. ( )
A. Have gone, went B. Have been,have been C.Have been, went D. have gone,have gone
【分析】一你曾去过新疆吗？—是的，我去年去过那儿。
【解答】答案：Ｃ根据you ever...可知，第一空要用现在完成时态，现在完成时态的结构为have/has＋动词的过去分词，been to＂去而归“和根gone to＂去而未归”，此处表达说话人在说话的据表示过去的时间状语last year 得知，第二空应该用一般过去时态。故选Ｃ。
【点评】判断动词的时态，要通过所给的时间状语、提示词或语境去判断动词存在的状态，特别是一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别。
【例题拓展】 --The Amazing Spider Man2 is on these days. It's fantastic.
--Really But I____________it yet.( )
A. don't see B. won't see C. haven't seen D. am not seeing
【分析】--神奇的蜘蛛侠2这些天上映了。太棒了。--真的吗？但是我还没有看呢。
【解答】答案：C 根据yet,可知本句应用现在完成时地否定式（have/has+not+动词的过去分词），强调这部电影还没有看，指对现在造成的影响。A选项为一般现在时；B选项为一般将来时；C选项为现在完成时；D选项为现在进行时。故选C。
【点评】本题考查时态的辨析。每个时态都有标志词，熟记这些标志词是做题的关键。
例2. Julie's father ________ to America last month. He _______ there many times.( )
A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone
【分析】朱莉的父亲上个月去了美国。他已经去那里很多次了。
【解答】答案∶C 因为第一个句子的时间为last month，，可知这一句应该用一般过去时，应用动词的过去式went 。 由第二句中的many times（很多次）可知他去过那里很多次已经回来了。have been to去过某地（已经回来了）;have gone to去了某地（还没有回来）。又因为he为第三人称单数故应该用has been to。故选C。
【点评】本题考察动词的时态问题 。 要根据时间状语和语境进行判断。
【例题拓展】David knows much about the city because he_________ there many times.( )
A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been
【分析】句意：David对那个城市非常了解，因为他已经去过好多次了
【解答】答案：Ｄ。根据many times 可知在这里已经去过好多次了，对现在造成的影响就是他对这个城市非常了解，所以这个句子所使用的时态应该是现在完成时，它的构成为：have或has＋动词过去分词，he是第三人称单数，所以应该用has，表示已经去过某地应该用be动词。故选Ｄ。
【点评】本题考查了动词时态。解答本题时应正确区分has gone去某地了，还没回来，has been去过某地，现在已经回来。
例3. Our streets and villages _________ much cleaner in the past few months. ( )
A. have became B. have become C.became D. will become
【分析】句意∶我们的街道和村庄在过去的几个月里干净多了。
【解答】答案∶B 根据in the past few months，可知在这里的意思是在过去的几个月里，这个时间短语一般用于现在完成时当中，所以句子所使用的时态应该是现在完成时。现在完成时的构成∶have或has+动词的过去分词。故选B。
【点评】本题考查了动词时态。解答本题时，一定要注意时态的构成形式以及动词的过去分词的构成，become的过去分词还是原形。
【例题拓展】Kate_______to dance since she was 5. So she dances very well. ( )
A. has learned B. learns C. have learned D. learned
【分析】句意∶凯特自从5岁以来就已经学跳舞了。 因此她跳舞跳的很好。
【解答】答案∶A 根据since she was 5，可知在这里since意为"自从"，是现在完成时的标志。且此句的主语是Kate，为第三人称单数，现在完成时的构成∶have或has+动词过去分词。因此用has learned。故选A。
【点评】本题考查了由since引导的现在完成时的用法。since+过去的一个时间点，这个时间短语通常用于现在完成时。
04
Life is like a pencil... Start very sharp... The experience becomes smooth... If you can't bear it, it will break.
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1.Li Tong has _________the army for 3 years.
A.joined B.be in C.been in D.joined in
2.They have been friends since __________.
A.children B.five years C.five years ago D.five years before
3.Jack ___________ the story book for a month.
A.has bought B.has had C.had had D.asked already
4.I___________ that questions three times. _
A.already asked B.have already asked C.already have asked D.asked already
【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B
二、用have/has been to/in，has/have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1. Where is Jackie He _____________his country.
2. Sally_____________the park just now.
3. Johnson______________Australia since he came back.
4. How long ____________they_______________this famous town
【答案】 1.have gone to 2.went 3.have been in 4.have been in
05
Life is like a pencil... Start very sharp... The experience becomes smooth... If you can't bear it, it will break.
课后作业
一、单选。
1.These foreigners left Shenzhen _______________.
A.since last week B.a week ago C.for a week D.since a week
2.He___________ at this school for two years.
A.is studying B.study C.studied D.has studied
3.We ______________ in the city since last winter.
A.live B.didn't live C.have lived D.live
4.Mrs Liu has lived in Hefei _________ 1992.
A.since B.from C.after D.in
5.Mr Bruise ____________ America since the spring of 2010.
A.has been to B.has been in C.has come to D.came to
6.My grandmother _____________ for months.
A.has died B.has been dead C.died D.dies
7.Ross_______________ to the movies because she __________ it once.
A.won't go;saw B.won't go; will seen C.won't go; has seen D.didn't go;sees
二、用have/has been to/in，has/have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1. --The Browns_________________________Nanjing for years.
2. --__________ you ever __________German
--Yes, I________________ there at least five times.
3. We brothers______________ this middle school since six years ago.
4. --Where is Teddy
--She _________ just______________the farm.
5. --When____________ Maria____________
--She _____________ to the film with her classmate an hour ago.
三、根据句意及提示完成单词
1. What was Minnie's hometown like in the ____________ （过去）
2. Do you know what you should do at ____________（现在，目前）
3. I___________ already ____________ (make)quite a lot of friends here.
4. --How long ___________ the Smiths_________________ (stay)here
--For two weeks.
5. I _____________ just_______________ (do)my homework.
【参考答案】
一、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C
二、1.have been in 2.Have;been to 3.went 4.has gone 5.did;go;went
三、1.past 2.present 3.have made 4.have stayed 5.have done
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