2022年中考英语一模时事热点精选【航空航天】（word版，含答案）

2022年一模时事热点精选【航空航天】
一、完形填空
（2022·安徽芜湖·一模）If you have been dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get started now! An astronaut needs a strong body and mind. Shenzhou XIII astronauts are able to live upside-down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet. Before they ___1___ space, they had lots of practice. Each upside-down training time lasted for 20 days.
Chinese astronauts aren’t just spaceship ___2___ but also machine repairers and scientists. They have to know every part of the spaceship and how it works. ___3___ something goes wrong, they’ve got to know ___4___ repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.
Shenzhou XIII astronauts know how to live in ___5___. They took a knife, a gun and some dye (染色水) ___6___ them into space. If they land in forests, the knife and gun can protect them from wild animals. If they ___7___ the sea, the dye can colour the seawater around them yellow. This can drive ___8___ sea animals away.
Shenzhou XIII astronauts can’t get dizzy (眩晕). A spaceship is not a plane. When it ___9___, the extra gravity force can break people’s bones.
Astronauts must have strong bodies for this. They can’t get a headache or be sick. Because they have to ____10____ many things. They’ve got no time for sickness. Do you still have a long, long way to go
1．A．went through B．walked into C．stayed at D．lived in
2．A．teachers B．coaches C．inventors D．drivers
3．A．If B．But C．So D．While
4．A．what to B．why to C．how to D．when to
5．A．the world B．the wild C．the sky D．space
6．A．by B．to C．for D．with
7．A．fall into B．jump into C．fly over D．fly across
8．A．unnecessary B．lively C．dangerous D．safe
9．A．breaks down B．goes up C．runs away D．breaks up
10．A．look after B．look for C．look forward to D．look up
二、阅读单选
Passage1
（2022·湖北湖北·三模）The second live class from China’s space station was held in the afternoon of Mar. 23, delivered by Shenzhou-13 crew(机组) members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu to students on Earth. Wang performed several scientific experiments. In one experiment, Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen, the popular mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, to show how objects fly in a weightless(失重的) environment. They also showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment inside the space station. Hundreds of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
Before ending the class, the astronauts answered questions taken from members of the public and raised by students. The questions covered various facets of life and work in space, such as how to take care of their skin, whether hot water is available, if the moon looks different from the Tiangong station, and how tears move in a microgravitational(微重力) environment.
Pang Zhihao, a retired spaceflight researcher from the China Academy of Space Technology and author of several space-themed books, said the class will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially students, by implanting the love of science and creativity in them. “Many well-known scientists were created by their interest and curiosity about ‘strange things’. The experiments done by the astronauts will put ‘question marks’ in our students’ minds, and the youngsters will then move to find answers and explore more places unknown to humankind,” he said.
1．What questions did the students not ask in the event
A．Whether cold water is available.
B．How to take care of crew members’ skin.
C．If the moon looks different from the Tiangong station.
D．How tears move in a microgravitational environment.
2．What does the underlined word “facets” mean
A．parts B．faces C．problems D．questions
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Pang Zhihao is one of Shenzhou-13 crew members.
B．Students raised questions for crew members about how to take care of their eyes.
C．Thousands of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
D．Shenzhou-13 members showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment.
4．What does Pang Zhihao think of the class from China’s space station
A．It can implant the love of science and creativity in students.
B．It will encourage students to be astronauts.
C．It was held for students in Beijing, Lhasa and Wuhan.
D．It will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially teenagers.
5．What is the theme(主题) of the text
A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Sports. D．Space.
Passage 2
（2022·浙江绍兴·一模）
The first science class from China’s space station
Chinese astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed (直播) the first science lecture (讲座) from China’s space station on December 9th, 2021, which amazed many students on the earth. The class began at 3:40 p.m., with a total of 1,420 students attending the lecture from five classrooms across China. The primary classroom is in China Science and Technology Museum. Classrooms have also been set up in Nanning, Wenchuan, Hong Kong and Macao.
Tens of millions of students across China watched the hour long televised event. Shenzhou-13 members gave the students a tour of the living and working areas of the space station. They showed the students how to increase their strength (力量) with their exercise equipment (设备),introduced specially designed spacesuit. They also performed experiments, such as “disappearing buoyancy (浮力)” and a “water ball”. Ye Guangfu, who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he moved in the weightless environment. They also answered questions from students during the lecture.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class. More lectures will be held and given by Chinese astronauts. Such activities are held to spread knowledge and encourage a love for science among young people.
Shi Yi, a physics teacher from the Beijing No.101 Middle School, said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would raise students’ interest in science.
Wang Yihan, a fifth-grade student, said, “The astronauts’ experiments really interested and surprised me. I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space program in the future.”
Vincent Wong, the headmaster of Hong Kong’s Pui Kiu College, said the event gave Hong Kong students a chance to communicate with the astronauts. “It also helped them to take pride in our motherland as they saw the rapid development of our country’s space technology,” he said.
1．The astronauts held the live class ________.
A．on China’s space station B．at the television station
C．in five classrooms across China D．in China Science and Technology Museum
2．What can we know about the astronauts from Paragraph 2
A．They designed a special spacesuit. B．They took exercise to lose weight.
C．They showed how they lived and worked. D．They asked the students many questions.
3．The underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．the space lecture B．Pui Kiu College
C．the space flight D．China’s space technology
4．The writer mentioned the three viewers in the last three paragraphs in order to ________.
A．spread space knowledge to readers B．show how meaningful the lecture is
C．explain where students attended the class D．express people’s deep love for the astronauts
Passage3
（2022·天津南开·一模）
Dressed up for space
Six hours of walking in space! On August 20, 2021, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng did the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission (任务). They set up equipment (设备) and lifted a camera outside the Tiangong space station.
Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space, of course. And it’s filled with aharmful radiation (辐射). But the spacesuits, although they are bulky, can protect astronauts.
A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts need when they carry out a spacewalk. For example, China’s Feitian spacesuits have six layers (层). The innermost layer collects astronauts’ urine (尿液). Then there are four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they’re puffed up. The sixth layer is made of unusual fibers (纤维) that protect astronauts from radiation.
Astronauts are connected to the space station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist (手腕). Astronauts can check their suits by looking at it.
The first Feitian suit was made in 2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China’s first spacewalk for about 19 minutes. The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation of Feitian. It can support walks as long as eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan and it takes four months to make just one!
1．How long did the spacewalk last on August 20, 2021
A．19 minutes. B．12 minutes. C．6 hours. D．8 hours.
2．What does the first layer of the Feitian spacesuit do
A．It collects astronauts’ urine.
B．It controls the inside temperature.
C．It controls the outside air pressure.
D．It takes pictures while astronauts walk.
3．How do spacesuits protect astronauts
a. They give astronauts air to breathe.
b. They help astronauts move quickly.
c. They stop harmful radiation.
d. They connect astronauts to the space station.
A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd
4．Which of the following animals is “puffed up”
A． B． C． D．
5．The last paragraph is written to ________.
A．memory the creator of the Feitian spacesuit
B．explain the difficulties of making spacesuits
C．list several famous spacewalks in history
D．show how the Feitian spacesuit has developed
Passage 4
（2022·广东·珠海市文园中学一模）
Three Chinese astronauts Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu gave a space lecture on Dec. 9th 2021
“Hello, everyone! Welcome to Tiangong Class.” With this greeting, a special lecture began on Tiangong space station about 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9th 2021.
Lasting for about an hour, the space lecture was broadcast live to millions of students. Three astronauts from the Shenzhou XIII crew hosted the lecture, introducing how they live and work on the space station and doing some interesting experiments that can only be done in space.
This is the second live space lecture in China. In 2013, with the assistance of two other Shenzhou X crew members, Wang hosted the country’s first live space lecture to over 60 million schoolchildren across China.
More space to teach
Compared with the class eight years ago, this year’s space lecture is greatly different. The “classroom” is bigger. Instead of Tiangong I experimental module(实验舱), this year Wang had the space lecture in the Tianhe space core module(核心舱), which is the biggest spacecraft developed by China.
Technological development
The quality of space to ground communication is also much improved.
The space lecture eight years ago sometimes faced the challenges of the video freezing and an unclear picture, but this year’s lecture is different.
With the help of China’s Tianlian satellites, the transmission(传输) speed has been highly increased and the whole live broadcast has run smoothly. These changes show that Chinese aerospace industry has made great progress in the past eight years.
More courses
Along with the technological progress, this year’s space lecture discussed more areas in science. Eight years ago, students could watch the interesting phenomenon of weightlessness in space on TV. But this year, biology was added.
Though these space lectures showed various topics, the aim behind the lectures has never changed. The space lectures aim to “spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and light up the interests for science among young people”. The spirit of science in the youth is an important driver of the progress of mankind. The space lecture makes young Chinese people take pride in our country as they see the rapid development of our space technology.
1．How far is Tiangong space station from the earth
A．2400 kilometers B．1800 kilometers C．400 kilometers D．600 kilometers
2．Who gave the space lecture on Dec 9th 2021
A．Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu
B．Wang Yaping, Yang Liwei and Liu yang
C．Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Yang Liwei
D．Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Nie Haisheng
3．Which of the following is false according to the passage
A．The spacecraft where the astronauts gave the lecture on December 9th, 2021 is bigger than before.
B．We could watch the whole live broadcast clearly on December 9th, 2021 because of technological development.
C．Chinese aerospace industry has achieved a lot in the past eight years.
D．We can learn as much knowledge as before from the space lecture.
4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “phenomenon”
A．原理 B．数据 C．现象 D．表演
5．What can we learn from the passage
A．The space lecture can not attract young people to study science.
B．The purpose of the space lecture is to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights.
C．All people in the world will be proud of being Chinese when they know the success of our country’s space technology.
D．Wang Yaping hosted the country’s first live space lecture for the first time on December 9th 2021.
三、阅读回答问题
Passage1
（2022·江苏泰州·二模）According to the regional emergency management department（应急处置指挥部）, on the afternoon of March 21, 2022, a passenger plane with 132 people on board crashed（坠毁）in Tengxian County of Wuzhou, Guangxi. And it caused a mountain fire. The passenger plane is a Boeing 737 airplane, which belongs to China Eastern Airlines. It was flying from Kunming to Guangzhou when it crashed. The 132 people on board were 123 passengers and 9 crew members, said the Civil Aviation Administration of China（中国民航局）on its website. The airplane lost contact（联系）over Wuzhou City. It was expected to arrived in Guangzhou in half an hour. No people were alive on that plane. The Boeing 737 airplane was introduced into China on June 22, 2015. So far it has flown 8986 times and it has flown for 18239 hours.
The cause of the air crash is still unknown. But the two black boxes（黑匣子）— flight data recorders have been found. They are very helpful to find out the cause of the crash. Contacts（联系）were made with families of 123 passengers within 24 hours after the plane crashed, said Sun Shiying, chairman of China Eastern Airlines Yunnan branch. And many family members of the 123 dead passengers hurried to the scene（现场）in hope of finding them still alive. But to their great sadness, no one was alive, even their remains（遗体）could not be found.
1．Where did the airplane crash
________________________________________________________________
2．How many crew members died in the crash
________________________________________________________________
3．How long has the Boeing 737 airplane flown
________________________________________________________________
4．Who is Sun Shiying
________________________________________________________________
5．What can the two black boxes do
________________________________________________________________
Passage2
（2022·安徽·安庆市教育教学研究室一模）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题后面的词数要求）。
On December 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, who are working in the Tiangong space station, showed millions of students what their life was like there.
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉）don’t need to support our body’s weight. This is called “losing gravity”. An American scientist says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just two weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lesson, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.
Wang also showed students how to exercise, for example, riding a bicycle. Astronauts exercise every day to prevent losing gravity.
1．Why did the three astronauts give the students a science lesson （不超过15个词）
____________________________________________________________________
2．What will cause astronauts’ losing gravity （不超过15个词）
____________________________________________________________________
3．How do astronauts prevent their losing gravity （不超过5个词）
____________________________________________________________________
四、阅读补全句子
（2022·陕西·宝鸡市渭滨区教研室一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
China launched(发射) the Shenzhou XIII spaceship on October 16, 2021. Three astronauts will spend six months in the Tiangong space station. It will be the longest space journey by Chinese astronauts.
During the Shenzhou XIII mission (任务), Wang Yaping will have a spacewalk. It will be the first spacewalk by a Chinese woman. Wang Yaping became the second woman astronaut as a member of the Shenzhou X mission in June, 2013. Liu Yang was the first Chinese woman in space. She took part in the Shenzhou IX mission in June, 2012.
Zhai Zhigang was the first Chinese astronaut to have a spacewalk. He did that in September, 2008, during the Shenzhou IX mission. And the third astronaut of the Shenzhou XIII mission is Ye Guangfu. This is his first spaceflight.
The three astronauts will have a lot of work to do in the six months. They celebrated the Spring Festival in space. And they have given educational lectures to Chinese students.
1．Who are the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XIII
They are _____________________.
2．When will the astronauts return to the earth
They will come back to the earth ______________.
3．How many times has Wang Yaping been to the space by now
She has been there __________________.
4．Where did they spend the Spring Festival of 2022
They spent it ________________.
5．What have they done to Chinese students
They ___________________ to Chinese students.
五、多任务混合阅读
（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science talk 400 kilometers above the Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, who are working in Tiangong space station, showed millions of students a short time of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments(实验). Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of the Earth’s gravity(重力). But in space, our bones(骨骼)and muscles(肌肉)don’t need to support our bodies’ weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss(丧失)little by little. (A) That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be (B)________ weak to work. NASA(美国航空航天局) says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the talk, Zhai introduced a special uniform that Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin(企鹅)suit”. Wearing it keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students (C)________ to ride a bicycle and walk on a treadmill (跑步机). (D)________.
Space water is different
During another experiment, Wang made a water film(膜). Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on the Earth. Space water is different in many other ways from that on the Earth. For example, water will not flow downward(向下流) if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through (E) straws. If astronauts cry, the tears will not fall down but stay on their eyeballs. They have to wipe them away(擦掉)！
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成下列任务。
1．用英文写出文中（A）处That所指代的内容。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2．在文中（B）处和（C）处各填上一个适当的词，使文章的意思完整。
（B）________ （C）________
3．为文中（D）处选择一个适合的语句：________。
A．The science talk lasted for about an hour.
B．Every day astronauts exercise with these tools to prevent muscle loss.
C．It’s good for the astronauts’ muscles to wear the suit.
4．According to the context(上下文), guess the Chinese meaning of (E) “straws”:________.
5．What is the best title(标)of the passage
A．Tiangong Space Station B．Three Astronauts C．A Space Class
六、阅读还原5选5
（2022·广东广州·一模）阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。
Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station, offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance to celebrate the Lantern Festival.
The space show was shared at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. ___1___ She played a popular Chinese traditional song “Jasmine Flower”
2__ People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddles and express their wishes and hopes for the future.
The crew members, who traveled to the space station on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some joyful traditions alive as they continued to move around the Earth. Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper with a brush pen. He showed the calligraphy (毛笔字) together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and made festival greetings to the audience. They also sent blessings to athletes at the Beijing Winter Olympics. “_3__”
The video of the space performance was received with great interest after it was shared on social medias. __4__
The Lantern Festival also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. __5__ Donning new clothes, the crew members enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and pasting spring couplets on walls.
A．It drew nearly 2 million hits in one hour on Sina Weibo.
B．Though far from home, the cheerful feelings in space were the same.
C．We wish that you all get success, friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.
D．The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
E．In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither.
七、作文
（2022·河北石家庄·一模）假如你校在英语节期间将举办一场主题为“My Space Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请根据下列提示写一篇演讲稿，谈谈你为实现航天梦将作何准备。
提示：
(1) What do you think of flying to the moon
(2) What are you going to do Why
注意：
(1)短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥;
(2)短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名;
(3)词数80左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：take exercise, get knowledge
Good morning, everyone. I’m glad to stand here to give a speech.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your listening!
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
一、完形填空
1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B
6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A
二、阅读单选
Passage1 1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D
Passage2 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
Passage 3 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D
Passage 4 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B
三、阅读回答问题
Passage1
1．In Tengxian County of Wuzhou, Guangxi.
2．9./Nine.
3．For 18239 hours.
4． Chairman of China Eastern Airlines Yunnan branch.
5．Help to find out the cause of the crash.
Passage2
1．Because they wanted to show/tell the students what their life was like in space./To show what their life was like there.
2．Our bones and muscles don’t need to support our body’s weight in space./Our bones and muscles don’t support our body’s weight in space.
3．They exercise every day.
四、阅读补全句子
1．Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu
2．in April, 2022
3．twice
4．in space
5．have given educational lectures
五、多任务混合阅读
1．Bone and muscle loss./ This will cause bone and muscle loss little by little.
2． too how
3．B
4．吸管
5．C
六、阅读还原5选5
1．E 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B
七、作文
Good morning, everyone. I’m glad to stand here to give a speech. I think flying to the moon is fun and exciting. I will spare no effort for my future dream. First of all, I’m going to take up some sports like running or playing ping-pong because exercising is a good way to keep healthy. We won’t go to China Space Station unless we are in good health. In addition, I plan to study hard and learn more because it’s necessary and important to get knowledge about space. So, I will try my best to read more books.
Thanks for your listening!
【解析】
【详解】
1.题干解读：题目要求根据主题“My Space Dream”写一篇讲稿，围绕两个提示问题，讲述自己认为去月球将会是什么样的体验和如何实现自己的太空梦并且陈述理由，必须要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作使用第一人称，时态主要采用一般将来时。首先应承接开头，接下来先陈述自己对去月球的想法，再将自己实现太空梦的计划逐一列出并讲述原因，同时注意选用合适的连词、短语和句型来将内容进行串联和拓展。整篇文章做到思路清晰，层次分明，要点齐全；行文要语句通顺，符合逻辑关系；无语法、单词拼写和标点错误。
答案第1页，共2页