(共63张PPT)
介 词
知识导图
介词是一种虚词,一般用在名词、代词等的前面,用来表示其后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语和其他句子成分的关系,在句子中不能单独作句子成分。可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语,介词短语在句中可以作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。
根据意义分类
表示时间的介词:
at,in,on,after,before,by,during,over,past,since,until等。
表示地点方位的介词:
at,in,on,to,;beside,near,by, next to ;in front of, the the front of,before ;across ,through,past,over; between, among; in the middle of, in the center of 等。
表示其他的介词:
for,with,from,in,with,about (关于,大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从……离开), instead of (代替), with (和)等等。
新知导入
表示年、月、日、时刻等,at, in, on
01时间介词
易混词 含义 例子
at
表示具体的时间点(几点钟)前面 I usually get up at six in the morning.
at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时
at night 在夜间
at weekends / the weekend 在周末
on 表示特定日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等前面,
或某天的早上、下午、晚上 We can play football on Sunday.
They came to my house on a cold winter morning.
in 表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前,
如在早上、下午、晚上;在某月某年等 I was born in May.
They came here in 1998.
What are you going to do in the winter holiday
In spring in three days
经典范例
(2021.山东.期中)
Tony usually eats dinner______ 7:00 p.m.______ Saturdays.
A. at ; at B. on;on C. on ; at D .at; on
【典例1】
【答案】D
【详解】句意:托尼通常在星期六晚上7点吃晚饭。考查介词辨析。at表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等;on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。“7:00pm.”是钟点时间,需用at修饰;Saturdays表示“星期六”用介词on修饰,故选D
D
经典范例
(2021黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
We’ll celebrate the 100th birthday of the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党)
________ July 1st this year.
A.in B.on C.at
【典例2】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:今年7月1日我们将庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。考查时间介词辨析。in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体某一天;at后接具体时刻。根据“July 1st”可知,此处指具体的时间,故选B。
B
经典范例
(2021·西藏·中考真题)
Beijing will host the 24 Winter Olympics ________ 2022.
A.on B.at C.for D.in
【典例3】
【答案】D
【详解】句意:2022年,北京将举办24届冬奥会。考查介词词义辨析。on用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上或一般节日等;at表示在具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓等的词组中;for后跟一段时间,意为“已经多长时间了”;in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等。根据题空后“2022年”可知,此处用in。故选D。
D
介词 含义及用法 例句
after 表示“……之后”,后接时间点,与将来时连用 I'll ring you up after two o'clock.
表示“在……后面”(强调位置、顺序、重要性) After class, I play ping pong with my classmates.[人教七(上)Unit 5 P29]
before 表示“在……之前” We always buy a lot of food before the festival.
[外研七(上) Module 10 Unit 2 P62]
2. 其他常见的时间介词
介词 含义及用法 例句
since 表示“从过去某时直至现在”,后接时间点,主句用完成时 I'm looking after Tom today. He has been in my house since 8:00.
from 表示“开始的时间”,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 From now on, I will go to school by bike every day.
for 表示“动作延续贯穿整个过程”,后接时间段,主句用完成时 We have known each other for ten years.
介词 含义及用法 例句
until/till 用于否定句中,表示“直到……才……”;用在肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”。 No decision will be made on the matter until next week.
during 表示“在……期间”,强调自始至终。 I'm going to enjoy myself during the May Day holiday.
1. ________ leaving for school in the morning, you should say goodbye to your parents.
A. Since B. From
C. Until D. Before
2. We should go to bed early ________ night. It is good for our health.
A. in B. on
C. at D. for
D
C
课堂练习
3. ________ October 25, my father went to Shanghai on business.
A. From B. On
C. In D. At
4. To change the bad weather in the desert, more trees will be planted ________ three years.(盲填)
B
in
经典范例
(2021.江苏九年级)
I became a teacher 15 years____. I have been a teacher_____1997 .
I have taught here____about 15 years.
A .ago , since , for B ..ago , for , since C . ago , before , for D . ago ,since , after
【典例1】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我15年前当了老师。我从1997年开始当老师。我在这里教了大约15年。ago用干过去时,since+时间点,for+时间段,用于现在完成时。became是过去式,因此第一个空用ago;1997是时间点,因此第二个空填since;about15years是一个时间段,因此第三个空填for。故选A。
A
考法精讲练
考点 2
方位介词(6年4考)
1. at, on, in与to (6年4考)
介词 含义及用法 示例
at
(2020.31,2017.71) 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”(即: ) at the school gate
介词 含义及用法 示例
on
(2017.27) 表示“在……(的表面)上”或接方位名词(即: ) There is a book on the desk.
in
(2018.41) 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内”(即: ) a city in Hebei Province
to 表示“到……” The teacher walked to the classroom.
拓展
介词 含义及用法 例句
on 表示“A地位于B地的外面且接壤”(即: ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.
in 表示“A地属于B地”(即: ) The Rocky Mountains lie in the west part of America.
to 表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤(即: ) Shijiazhuang lies to the north east of Xi'an.
介词 含义及用法 例句
below 在……的下方,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below.
over 在……正上方,
表示两者不接触 The bridge over the river has a long history.
under “在……正下方”,
表示两者不接触 My schoolbag is under the desk.[人教七(上)Unit 4 P24]
behind 在……后面 There's a really big park behind the museum.
介词 含义及用法 例句
beside 在……旁边 Jenny is sitting on the sofa and Danny is sitting beside her.
into 到……里面;进入 If you can't swim, don't go into the water.
near 在……附近 The Smiths have decided to buy a house near the sea.
1. The library is ________ the left of the supermarket. It's not far.
A. in B. for C. on D. at
2. My father will come back from Shanghai tomorrow. And we will pick him up ________ the airport.(盲填)
C
at
课堂练习
经典范例
(2020·辽宁大连·中考真题)
In this picture, people are celebrating China’s 70th birthday ____ Tian’anmen Square.
A.for B.with C.at D.from
【典例1】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在这张照片里,人们正在天安门广场庆祝中国70岁生日。
考查介词辨析。for为了;with和;at在;from自从。根据“Tian’anmen Square”可知,人们在天安门广场进行庆祝,小地点前使用介词at。故选C。
C
经典范例
(2021·海南·中考真题)
Sansha, a beautiful city, lies ________ the south of china.
A.in B.on C.to
【典例2】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:三沙坐落于中国南部的美丽城市。考查介词辨析。in在……里面;on相接壤;to一个城市在另一个城市之外。三沙位于中国内部,用介词in。故选A。
A
经典范例
(2021·山东青岛·中考真题)
Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently.
A.over B.by C.in D.or
【典例1】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:青岛胶州湾跨海大桥为人们出行提供了便利。考查介词辨析。over在……上面;by通过;in在……里面;or或者。根据“Bridge”和“the sea”的关系可知,桥在海面之上,因此over符合句意。故选A。
A
经典范例
(2021·江西·模拟预测)
The radio is ________ the table ________ my room.
A.under; in B.in; on C.in; in D.under; on
【典例2】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在我房间的桌子下面有收音机。考查介词辨析。under在……下面;in在……中;on在……上。第一处表示在桌子的什么位置,不与in搭配,排除BC;第二处构成“in one‘s room”短语,意为“在某人的房间中”,所以用in,故选A。
A
经典范例
(2021·福建·三模)
In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains ________ zero all day.
A.above B.below C.over
【典例3】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在寒冷的冬天,哈尔滨的气温常常一整天都在零度以下。考查介词辨析。above高于/在……上面;below低于;over超过/在……正上方。根据题干“In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains…zero all day”,可知哈尔滨冬季的气温都是“低于零度”,故选B。
B
1. with, in, on与by (2019.28,2016.28)
考点 3
方式介词(2019.28, 2016.28)
介词 用法 示例
with
(2016.28) 用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词 I often do my homework with a pen.
in
(2019.28) 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English
in a low voice
介词 用法 示例
on 通过,用 on the phone
on TV
by 用……手段或方式,后接动名词 by listening to music
by bus
2. by, in与on表示交通方式
(1)in/on+限定词+交通工具。如:in his car 开他的车
(2)by+交通工具。如:by bike 骑自行车
现学现用
3. I'd like to choose to go to work ________ subway. It is very convenient for me.
A. in B. with C. for D. by
D
4. Nancy is interested in poems. She can read poems ________ several languages.
A. in B. by C. at D. on
5. ________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.(盲填)
A
With
经典范例
(2022·湖南·七年级期末)
---What's this_____English
---It's an orange.
A .on B .of C.in
【典例1】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——汤姆,我如何可以更迅速地提高英语?——通过多听和多说。
考查介词辨析。at后接小地点或具体时刻;across穿过;by通过某种方式或手段;on后接具体某一天。根据问句How can I improve my English more quickly,可知,下文回答是通过多听和多说的方式,所以空格处填by。故选C。
C
经典范例
(2020·江苏·模拟预测)—How can I improve my English more quickly, Tom
—__________listening and reading more.
A.At B.Across C.By D.On
【典例2】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——汤姆,我如何可以更迅速地提高英语?——通过多听和多说。
考查介词辨析。at后接小地点或具体时刻;across穿过;by通过某种方式或手段;on后接具体某一天。根据问句How can I improve my English more quickly,可知,下文回答是通过多听和多说的方式,所以空格处填by。故选C。
C
经典范例
(2020·江苏·模拟预测)
— Could you please show me which boy in the picture is Patrick
— The one________ a pair of glasses.
A.in B.at C.of D.with
【典例3】
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我照片上哪个男孩是帕特里克吗?——戴眼镜的那个。考查介词辨析。in在……里面;at在具体的地点或时间;of……的,表所属;with穿、戴着;从文字的表层意思推断空格指戴眼镜,故选D。
D
考点 4
其他常用介词(6年5考)
介词 含义
with 和;用;有;关于(2021.31, 2019.41)
without 没有(2021.47)
from 从;从……起;距;来自(2020.76)
for 为了(2018.80);到……去;持续达……;对于
about 关于;在各处;四处
across (从表面)穿过,越过
介词 含义
against 反对;靠着
along 沿着……;顺着……
as 作为,当作
at 在(里面或附近),在(点、时刻)
besides 除了……之外
between 在(两者)……之间;介于……之间
among 在……之中(三者或三者以上)
but 除……之外
介词 含义
against 反对;靠着
along 沿着……;顺着……
as 作为,当作
at 在(里面或附近),在(点、时刻)
besides 除了……之外
between 在(两者)……之间;介于……之间
among 在……之中(三者或三者以上)
but 除……之外
介词 含义
by 用;由;被;不晚于;在……旁;乘(车)
down 沿……而下
except 除……之外(不包含)
like 像;跟……一样
of (表示所属,数量,其中)……的
介词 含义
off 离开;脱落;走开
through (从内部)穿过
toward(s) 朝,向
up 向/在……上(面);向(高处)
1. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________ the windows.
A. against B. across C. above D. below
2. Schools and families play important roles in teaching students ________ the importance of working hard.
A. about B. down C. through D. without
A
A
课堂练习
经典范例
(2020·江苏一模)
The river runs ______ the small city and the man can swim ______ it。
A.across; through B .through; through C.through; across D.across; across
【典例2】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这条河穿过这座小城,那个人可以游过这条小河。考查介词用法。across强调“从……(平面上)穿过”横过;through强调从“…(内部)穿过”;第一空指“河流流经这个城市”,表示从物体中间穿过要用through;第二空指“横过这条河”,要用across;故答案选C。
C
经典范例
(2021·江苏广陵·一模)
—Thanks for looking after me ________ my illness, Millie.
—Don’t mention it. That’s what friends are for.
A.beyond B.through C.across D.with
【典例1】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——谢谢你在我生病期间从头到尾照顾我,Millie。——不客气。这就是朋友应该做的事。
考查介词辨析。beyond超过;through从头至尾;across横穿;with和。根据后文“my illness”可知是生病期间从头至尾照顾“我”,故选B。
B
05 介词短语
01
介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。
考点 5
介词短语及固定搭配(2016.45)
1. 介词与名词的搭配
(1) at+n.
at the same time 同时 at college在大学
at home 在家 at night 在夜晚
at present 现在 at school 在上学
at times偶尔;有时 at work 上班;在工作
(2)on+n.
on the left/right 在左/右边 on business出差
on duty 值日 on fire着火;失火
on foot 步行 on holiday 度假
on purpose故意 on sale 出售;降价出售
on time 准时
(3) in+n.(2016.45)
in front 在前面 in bed 卧床
in class 在课堂上 in danger 处于危险中
in detail 详细地 in doubt 怀疑地
in fact 事实上 in fear 害怕
in person 亲自 in public 公开地
in return 作为回报 in short 总之
in silence 沉默;无声地 in surprise 吃惊地
in time 及时 in total 总共
in trouble 处于困境中 in turn 轮流
2. 介词与副词的搭配
at first 首先 at last 最后
at least 至少 at once 立刻;马上
3. 其他介词短语
after all 毕竟 according to根据
across from 在……对面 because of 因为
现学现用
盲填
1. I was taught to be ________ time from a young age, because it's important for everyone.
2. ________ present, AI can successfully understand human speech and recognize human faces.
3. Instead ________ going travelling, Kate decided to work in the community.
on
At
of
经典范例
(2021·内蒙古·中考真题)
If you keep learning English for ________ half an hour each day,
your English will be gradually improved.
A.at least B.at present C.at once D.at first
【典例1】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你坚持每天至少学半小时英语,你的英语就会逐渐提高。
考查介词短语辨析。at least至少;at present目前;at once立刻;at first起初。根据“for…half an hour each day”可知,此处修饰时长,“至少”符合语境,故选A。
A
经典范例
(2021·湖北丹江口·一模)
—The umbrella in your hand is my brother’s.
—Oh, I’m so sorry. I took it ________. The color is the same as mine.
A.by the end B.by accident C.by mistake D.by the way
【典例2】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你手里的雨伞是我弟弟的。——哦,我很抱歉。我拿错了。这个颜色跟我的是一样的。考查介词短语。by the end到……为止;by accident意外地;by mistake 错误地;by the way顺便说一下。根据“The color is the same as mine”可知,颜色一样导致拿错了伞,故选C。
C
经典范例
(2021·山西太原·一模)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. When we’re _________,
they are always there to help.
A.in common B.in trouble C.in order
【典例3】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:患难见真情。当我们有困难时,他们总是在那里帮助我们。考查介词短语。in common共同;in trouble处于困境中;in order秩序井然。根据“ they are always there to help”可知,在你有困难时,朋友会帮忙,故选B。
B
经典范例
(2021·辽宁大东·二模)
Jimmy was late for school again. Shouldn’t he try to come to school ______
A.once more B.on time C.as well D.for ever
【典例4】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Jimmy上学又迟到了。他难道不该设法准时到校吗?考查介词短语。once more再一次;on time准时;as well也;for ever永远。根据“Jimmy was late for school again. ”可知总是迟到应该想方设法准时。故选B。
B
经典范例
(2020·甘肃天水·中考真题)
________ the kind-hearted lady, the homeless boy has a new family.
A.Thanks to B.Thank to C.Thanks for D.Thank for
【典例5】
【答案】A
【详解】句意:多亏了那位善良的女士,这个无家可归的男孩有了一个新的家庭。
考查介词短语。Thanks to由于,幸亏;Thank to结构错误;Thanks for因……感谢;Thank for结构错误。根据“the homeless boy has a new family”可知,这里表达的是“幸亏/由于善良的女士”,所以应该用thanks to,故选A。
A
河北6年真题明考法
1. (2021河北31题)I eat rice ________ beef and potatoes. It's delicious.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
2. (2020河北31题) When are you arriving I'll pick you up ________ the station.
A. at B. to C. on D. off
3. (2019河北28题)This story is ________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for B. in C. with D. by
C
A
B
4. (2017河北27题)Just walk down this road and you'll see the museum ________ your right.
A. on B. in C. at D. by
5. (2016河北28题)Class, let's see who can spell the most words ________ these letters.
A. at B. into C. on D. with
6. (2020河北76题)When everything was ready, dad came back home ________ his office.
A
D
from
规律总结
综合提升
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. (2021重庆B卷)We usually have a flag raising ceremony ________ Monday.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
2. ________ the class, we should review the knowledge in time.
A. On B. For C. After D. Through
C
C
基础巩固
3. On sunny days, my grandma often reads novels ________ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
4. Reading ________ the sunshine is bad for your eyes. You'd better not do that.
A. beside B. under
C. above D. behind
5. Mrs. King put a coat ________ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.
A. over B. with C. behind D. beside
A
B
A
6. I have got lots of help ________ my teachers during my junior high school years.
A. with B. about
C. from D. across
7. If you keep learning English for ________ an hour each day, your English will become better.
A. at times B. at once
C. at last D. at least
C
D
1.(2021·湖北十堰·中考真题)
— Where’s the People’s Park
— Go along Gongyuan Road, turn right at the second crossing and it’s _________ your left.
A.on B.to C.at D.in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——人民公园在哪里? ——沿着公园路走,在第二个十字路口右转,它就在你的左边。考查介词。on(表示方向)在;to到……;at在(某处);in在……里。根据下文“your left”提示,此处表示的是在某个方向上,故应用介词on,故选A。
A
跟踪训练
2. (2020·四川凉山·中考真题)
The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held ___________June 9th last year. Many people watched it ___________TV.
A.in; on B.in; in C.on; on D.on; in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:第九届西昌龙舟大赛于去年6月9日举行。很多人在电视上看了它。
考查介词,时间介词in后接年、月、季节;on后接具体的某一天/某一天上午或下午。June 9th 6月9日属于具体某一天应该用on,排除AB;in/on都可以用作表示工具,手段的介词,使用某种语言用介词in,通过收音机,电话或电视等则使用介词on。故选C。
C
跟踪训练
3. (2021·辽宁连山·二模)
—Peter, would you like to go swimming with me
—What a pity! I’m free every day ________ today.
A.besides B.for C.except D.among
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——彼得,你愿意和我一起去游泳吗?——太遗憾了!除了今天之外,我每天都有空。考查介词。besides表示“除了……之外,还有”;for“为了”;except“除了……之外,没有”;among“在……之中”。根据“What a pity!”可知,此处表示遗憾,因此是今天没空,所以表示除了今天,每天都有空,故选C。
C
跟踪训练
4. (2020·湖北鄂州·中考真题)
Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables _______ in his garden.
A.in public B.in person C.in silence D.in fact
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然这个人已经80多岁了,但他还是亲自在自己的花园里种菜。
考查介词短语。in public公开地,当众;in person亲自;in silence沉默地;in fact事实上。根据题干中“Although the man is in his eighties”可知这个人已经80岁了,句子前后是让步关系,由此可推出是说亲自在花园里种菜,用in person符合题意。故选B。
B
跟踪训练
课堂小结
(1)介词的用法;
(2)常见介词短语的用法。
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