2022年中考英语 考点专项突破课件：第三节 完形填空(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
01
考点解读
02
03
04
考点梳理
真题剖析
实战提分
第三章
专题专项突破 完型填空
01
考点解读
完形填空是一种旨在考查考生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型，可以说是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解，是介于单项选择和阅读理解之间的一种题型。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解；既考查了考生的阅读理解能力和语法知识，又考查了考生综合运用知识的水平和实践能力。具体而言，完形填空类题包括考查考生对基础知识的掌握和运用，对整篇文章逻辑关系的理解，在情量中考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，以及逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
命题趋势
完形填空的题材以故事性题材居多。故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理。其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。其体裁以记叙文居多。其他还有说明文、应用文、议论文等。
完形填空的命题形式往往是在一段难度适中的文章中留出10—20个空白，要求考生从所给的选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。短文首尾句一般不设填空题，一般每句中只有一个空。
02
考点梳理
考点主要有：
（一）考查词汇 ★★★★★
通常考查近义词的区别、词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等，可能涉及名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词等。
（二）考查结构 ★★★★
通常考查文章中句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。其设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅。
（三）考查语法 ★★★
通常考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。
解题技巧与策略
（一）通读全文，了解大意
做题目时，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解文章的大概内容，并根据上下文提供的信息，把握文章的内在逻辑意义，贯穿文章始终的主线，以及作者行文的走向。把握文章的脉络，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的选择。
（二）瞻前顾后，逐步填空
了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。在选择答案时，一定要全盘考虑上下文的意思，还要考虑句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案既符合语法规则又符合原文的意思。
（三）认真复查，适当调整
填空全部选定以后，应当再把短文从头到尾读一遍，检查填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯、情节合理、语法结构正确，就意味着所选答案没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明所选答案不正确。对这样的填空应该再认真推敲，进行调整。
03
真题剖析
（2019年广西北部湾经济区）
When I was in middle school, I felt I was always letting people down. Once I brought my 1 Daisy to my home. I noticed that all my family members seemed to 2 Daisy better than me.
I felt very 3 . I even thought they didn’t love me. I wondered whether they would miss me if I died some day. 4 I told my mum, “Daisy is more patient than I have ever been. You must want her to be your daughter instead of me.”
My mum explained that Daisy was a lovely girl, but 5 could replace(代替) me in the family. She said I was the only person who could fill my role. She made me realize that even if I made 6 , I was a beloved member of the family who could never be replaced.
From then on, I tried to 7 out who I was and what made me special. I look at 8 in a new way. Then I started to be positive(积极的) towards my life, and I was happy about who I 9 was. I came to feel much better as I knew that no one could ever replace me.
Each of us holds a special place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So 10 that you will be replaced. You can’t be.
( ) 1. A. daughter B. son C. friend D. uncle
( ) 2. A. like B. know C. understand D. learn
( ) 3. A. lucky B. sad C. bored D. glad
( ) 4. A. But B. So C. Though D. Whether
( ) 5. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
( ) 6. A. mistakes B. faces C. wishes D. decisions
( ) 7. A. put B. find C. look D. clear
( ) 8. A. itself B. herself C. himself D. myself
( ) 9. A. nearly B. hardly C. really D. almost
( ) 10. A. forget B. worry C. consider D. think
C
A
B
B
D
A
B
D
C
A
【解析】全文共有237个词，篇幅适中，可读性强。文体记叙文，主题为"人与自我"。短文简述了作者"我"在某次带朋友 Daisy 回家做客，家人对Daisy的态度使得自己产生了某些想法，后与母亲交流，得知别人无法取代自己。 从此自己积极面对生活，发现全新的自我。下面来看看短文设置的填空都考查了哪些知识点。
【解析】第1题考查名词辨析。通过上下文理解可知，Daisy是作者的朋友，故答案选择C. friend。
【解析】第2题考查动词辨析。通过句子意思可知，作者注意到似乎家里人喜欢Daisy胜过自己。所以答案选A. like。
Once I brought my 1 Daisy to my home.
1. A. daughter B. son C. friend D. uncle
I noticed that all my family members seemed to 2 Daisy better than me.
2. A. like B. know C. understand D. learn


I felt very 3 . I even thought they didn’t love me.
3. A. lucky B. sad C. bored D. glad
【解析】第3题考查形容词。由上文理解可知，作者有了那样的想法（家人更喜欢朋友Daisy）后，就感到很伤心，所以答案选择B. sad，构成短语felt very sad。
I wondered whether they would miss me if I died some day. 4 I told my mum, “Daisy is more patient than I have ever been. You must want her to be your daughter instead of me.”
4. A. But B. So C. Though D. Whether
【解析】第4题考查连词。通过上下文可知，作者感到伤心，因此跟母亲交谈，故答案选择B. So。“so”在此作连词，是“因此”的意思。


My mum explained that Daisy was a lovely girl, but 5 could replace(代替) me in the family.
5. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
【解析】第5题考查不定代词。通过上下文可知，“母亲”向作者解释：虽然Daisy是一个可爱的女孩，但在家庭里没有任何人能取代（作者）自己，故答案选择D. nobody，是“没有任何人”之意。
【解析】第6题考查名词辨析。通过上下文可知，“母亲”的话使得作者明白即使自己曾经犯错，但自己还是被爱着的，任何人都无法替代其中的每个家庭成员。“犯错”的短语是“make mistakes”，故答案选A。
She said I was the only person who could fill my role. She made me realize that even if I made 6 , I was a beloved member of the family who could never be replaced.
6. A. mistakes B. faces C. wishes D. decisions


From then on, I tried to 7 out who I was and what made me special.
7. A. put B. find C. look D. clear
【解析】第7题考查动词辨析。通过上下文可知，从此作者努力发现自我，使得自己与众不同。“发现”是“find out”，故答案选择B. find。
【解析】第8题考查反身代词。通过上下文的理解可知，作者以一种全新的方式审视自己“look at myself”， 故答案选择D. myself。
I look at 8 in a new way.
8. A. itself B. herself C. himself D. myself


【解析】第9题考查副词辨析。通过上下文的理解可知，作者以一种全新的方式审视自己后，开始积极对待生活，同时很高兴自己成为了真正的自我。“真正”是“really”， 故答案选择C. really。
【解析】第10题考查动词辨析。最后一段是作者的总结：我们每个人在这个世界上都有自己的位置。不管其他人说什么或者你自己怎么想，你都是特别的。因此（你）要忘掉你会被取代。你不可能被取代。根据这段话的意思，答案选择A. forget。
Then I started to be positive(积极的) towards my life, and I was happy about who I 9 was.
9. A. nearly B. hardly C. really D. almost
Each of us holds a special place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So 10 that you will be replaced. You can’t be.
10. A. forget B. worry C. consider D. think


易错剖析
以上面完形填空为例：
【解析】例1. 第5题，如果考生只看“but 5 could replace(代替) me in the family. ”这个句子的话，极容易误选B. somebody和C. everybody。但通过上下文可知，要表达的是“在家庭里没有任何人能取代（作者）自己”，故答案选择D. nobody。
My mum explained that Daisy was a lovely girl, but 5 could replace(代替) me in the family.
5. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody

以上面完形填空为例：
【解析】例2. 第6题，考查make构成的短语辨析。单看句子“She made me realize that even if I made 6 ”的话，四个选项都可以选，D更容易让学生误选，make decisions是“做出决定”的意思。根据上下文逻辑，只有选项A是最佳答案，make mistakes是“犯错”的意思。
She said I was the only person who could fill my role. She made me realize that even if I made 6 , I was a beloved member of the family who could never be replaced.
6. A. mistakes B. faces C. wishes D. decisions

以上面完形填空为例：
【解析】例3. 第8题，选项B. herself极具干扰性，因为前面说了很多与Daisy有关的内容，在这里句子“I look at 8 in a new way.”如果填入herself的话，语法也是正确的，但与文章表达的意思有误，如果考生不真正理解短文的话，极易误选。
I look at 8 in a new way.
8. A. itself B. herself C. himself D. myself

04
实战提分
基础过关（一）
When I was in middle school,I often liked talking about how many friends I had at school. One day,my grandfather said to me, "Harry，I bet（打赌）you don't have as many 1 as you think."I didn't believe this. However,I still wanted to 2 if my schoolmates were real friends,so I asked my grandpa for help. He agreed.
Soon,my grandpa returned and carried 3 in his hand,but I could see nothing. "It's a very special chair. You can't see it,but if you try to sit on it.you'll tell who your relfrieds are."
The next day,I 4 the special chair to school. At lunch time,I asked my friends to stand around me,I put 5 in the middle,with my chair,"You're about to se something 6 ." And I tried siting on the 7 .I missed and fell straight on the ground.Everyone laughed.I kept trying to sit on the magic chair.and kept falling to the ground. 8 I tried again but didn't fall,
Looking 9 surprisingly,I saw George,Lucas and Diana,three of my best friends bolding me up.I was so moved. From then on,I knew the real friends are those who help us get out of trouble instead of 10 us loudly.
（ ）1.A. students B. clssmates C.teachers D. friends
（ ）2.A.show B.test C.break D. fix
（ ）3.A.something B. everything C.anything D. nothing
（ ）4.A.brought B. bought C. received D. searched
（ ）5.A. himself B.myself C.itself D. herself
（ ）6.A.boring B.amazing C.relxing D. interesting
（ ）7.A.ground B. middle C. chair D. desk
（ ）8.A.Sadly B. Reently C.Certainly D.Suddenly
（ ）9.A.at B.for C.around D. into
（ ）10.A.agreeing with B. caring for C. laughing at D.talking to
D
B
A
A
B
B
C
D
D
C
基础过关（二） （2019年广西北部湾经济区）
When I was in middle school, I felt I was always letting people down. Once I brought my 1 Daisy to my home. I noticed that all my family members seemed to 2 Daisy better than me.
I felt very 3 . I even thought they didn’t love me. I wondered whether they would miss me if I died some day. 4 I told my mum, “Daisy is more patient than I have ever been. You must want her to be your daughter instead of me.”
My mum explained that Daisy was a lovely girl, but 5 could replace(代替) me in the family. She said I was the only person who could fill my role. She made me realize that even if I made 6 , I was a beloved member of the family who could never be replaced.
From then on, I tried to 7 out who I was and what made me special. I look at 8 in a new way. Then I started to be positive(积极的) towards my life, and I was happy about who I 9 was. I came to feel much better as I knew that no one could ever replace me.
Each of us holds a special place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So 10 that you will be replaced. You can’t be.
( ) 1. A. daughter B. son C. friend D. uncle
( ) 2. A. like B. know C. understand D. learn
( ) 3. A. lucky B. sad C. bored D. glad
( ) 4. A. But B. So C. Though D. Whether
( ) 5. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
( ) 6. A. mistakes B. faces C. wishes D. decisions
( ) 7. A. put B. find C. look D. clear
( ) 8. A. itself B. herself C. himself D. myself
( ) 9. A. nearly B. hardly C. really D. almost
( ) 10. A. forget B. worry C. consider D. think
C
A
B
B
D
A
B
D
C
A
拓展提升（一） (2020年广西北部湾经济区）
A blind boy sat on the steps of a bilding with a hat by his feet. He held up a sign which said,"Iam blind. Please help me, "People went past.but there were few 1 in his hat.
A man met the boy by chance. He took some coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around,and 2 something on it. He put the sign back 3 everyone who walked by could see the new words.
Soon the hat began to 4 ,More and more people gave money to the blind boy. That afternox the man came to se how things were.The boy knew from his fotsteps and asked, "were you the one who 5 my sign this morning What did you do "
The man said,"I only told people the 6 . I said the same thing as you said,but in a 7 way.I wrote,'Today is a beautiful day,but I cannot see it.' "
Both signs told people that the boy was blind.But the first sign 8 said the boy was blind. The second one told people that they werce so 9 to se the beautiful day. Then they felt sorry for the poor boy and cared about him 10 .
This story tells us:be thankful for what we have and he kind to those who need belp.
( )1.A.candies B.drinks C.coins D. clothes
( )2.A.saw B. wrote C.drew D. noticed
( )3.A.or B. but C.so that D.because
( )4.A.fill up B.look up C.jump up D. get up
( )5.A.cut B.stole C.cleaned D.moved
( )6.A. truth B.story C. name D.news
( )7.A. basic B.brave C. different D. strange
( )8.A.loudly B. simply C. probably D.seriously
( )9.A.happy B.poor C.sorry D.lucky
( )10.A.closer B.farther C. more D.less
C
B
C
A
D
A
C
B
D
C
（二）（2021年柳州）
Yuan Longping was born in Bejing in 1930.One day,he saw many 1 people holding empty bowls in the stret. And he also heard that some people even died 2 they had noting to eat.He was very snd and 3 to become a scicntist to change the situation. Later,he and 4 team did a lot of experi-ments to develop a new kind of rice. At the beginning,they 5 many times. But they never gave up. They tried again 6 again in the field,no matter how hard it was. 7 ,they succceded in growing super bybrid（杂交）rice after years of efforts. Yuan Longing was very 8 because his dream came true. Now farmers can harvests（收获）more 9 than before. And Chinese people will not suffer 10 hunger any long. He will never be forgotten.
( )1.A.angry B.hungry C.rich
( )2.A.bccause B.if C. though
( )3. A.refused B.agreod C. decided
( )4.A.his B.my C.your
( )5.A.explaind B.escaped C. failed
( )6.A.of B.but C. and
( )7.A.Finally B. Property C. Usually
( )8.A. sad B.glad C. tired
( )9.A.fruit B.rice C. vegetables
( )10.A.from B.abou C.with
B
A
C
A
C
C
A
B
B
A
本 课 结 束