2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词(Nouns)课件（26张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词(Nouns)课件（26张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-05-07 22:06:05 | ||
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(共26张PPT)
名词(Nouns)
学习目标
01
正确掌握可数名词和不可数名词的区别，名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化、派生名词的特点。
02
运用名词的基本规则解决学习难题。
03
自行总结名词的运用规则。
学完本课，你可以：
CORONAVIRUS
冠状病毒？
virus是单数还是复数？
virus 单数形式
viruses 复数形式，多种病毒
其他情况用单数。和fish用法相同。
Last week, The Shenzhen Health Commission said that everybody should take a necleic acid test(核酸检测） for novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒).
Let’s go!
① In front of me, man and woman are waiting in line.
Which one is right
② In front of me, a man and a woman are waiting in line.
Tips1: 单数可数名词(S.N)
用不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their/your，数词one等修饰，不可单独使用。
一个老师 a teacher 我的妈妈 my mother 一个学生 one student
Scene1
①In an universtiy, we have waited for an hour.
②In a universtiy, we have waited for a hour.
③In a universtiy, we have waited for an hour.
Tips2: 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。
a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前。
一个电脑a computer [k m pju t r]
一件制服a uniform [ ju n f rm]
an加在以元音音素开头的名词前。
一个橘子an orange [ r nd ]
一个小时an hour [ a r]
Which one is right
Scene2
元音字母a,e,i,o，u中，a，e,i,o开头的单词用an修饰，u [ju:] 是例外。
以u开头的单词，发/Ju:/用a修饰;发/ /用an修饰
Exercise 1
一个苹果_____ apple 一个耳朵_____ ear
一英尺土地_____ inch of land 一个海洋_____ ocean
一把伞_____ umbrella [ m brel ]
一个独特的花瓶_____ unique [ju ni k] vase
一个有用的电脑_____ useful [ ju sfl] computer
一个丈夫_____ husband [ h zb nd] 一个英雄_____ hero[ h ro ]
一个小时_____ hour [ a r] 一个诚实的女孩_____ honest [ ɑ n st] girl
an
an
an
an
a
an
a
a
a
an
an
21个辅音字母中，h是特例
①A bottles of disinfectants is placed in a desk.
②A bottle of disinfectant is placed in a desk.
Tips3: 不可数名词(UN )
表数量用“数词+单位名词+of”
用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，
a great deal of修饰。
eg:一条建议/信息 一些建议/信息
a piece of advice/inormation some advice/information
取得一些进步
make much progress
③A bottle of disinfectants is placed in a desk.
消毒液
两条建议
two pieces of advice
make a progress
Which one is right
Scene3
抽象名词具体化
What a surprise!
Some volunteers are checking the health QR code.
Some volunteer are checking the health QR code.
Do you know the plural forms(复数形式)
of the noun
Which one is right
Scene4
Three________(doctor) wear_______(mask).
Can you describe the scene
Their _________(watch) are in three
_______(box).
Think and summarize
Tips5: 复数名词以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es.
eg: 灌木 bush→ 大众mass→
狐狸fox→ 英寸inch→
Tips4: 一般复数名词在名词后加s.
doctors
masks
watches
boxes
bushes
masses
foxes
inches
特例：monarchs(君主)
stomachs(胃)
A doctor hold two________(knife) in the operation room.
Can you describe the scene
There are some _______(piano)for nurses to play. They are ________(hero) for us.
Tips5: 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es.
改错：It was autumn and the leaf were yellow.
特例：roof→roofs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 proof→proofs证据
Tips7:以o结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s.
eg: 土豆 potato→ 照片photo→
特例：
volcanoes(火山) , echoes(回声), mosquitos(蚊子)
knives
the leaves were yellow.
pianos
heroes
potatoes
photos
With all kinds of appropriate ________(policy), ______(boy) and girls are saved from death.
Tips8:辅音+y结尾，改y为i,再加es. eg: 苍蝇 fly--flies
元音+y结尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy--guys
Tips9: man/woman修饰名词，双方都变复数。
Attention：girl/boy修饰名词，只将名词变为复数形式。
eg: 男生志愿者们 boy volunteers 对比：men volunteers
女生舞者 girl dancers 对比:women dancers
Can you describe the scene
policies
boys
They are grateful for the three ____ _______(man doctor) and several _______ ______(woman nurse).
men doctors
women nurses
We ___________(grown-up) are moved by the music the
nurse played.
These ___________(son-in-law) rise to applaud their______________(father-in-law) for what they do.
Tips10: 一些合成名词中
有中心词，s加在中心词上；无中心词，s加在合成词后面。
一些常考的合成词: 过路者passers-by
旁观者 standers-by/lookers-on
成年人 grown-ups
grown-ups
sons-in-law
Can you describe the scene
fathers-in-law
During the outbreak of COVID-19, We chinese are protected well by a group of lovely people.
chinese/chineses
people/peoples.
Tips11: Chinese为单复数同行的名词，
people为复数名词。
常用的复数名词还有：
police(警察)，cattle(牛群)
常见的单复数同行的名词还有：
Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)
Can you describe the scene
Can you describe the scene
Why are they called the lovely people
Because of their ________(devote) and ___________(selfless) to work.
devotion
selflessness
Tips12: 一些名词以-ion/-ness/-ment/-or/-er/
- ian/ -ist/-cy等结尾。
eg: exist→existence存在
What should we do
1. 戴口罩 wear_______(mask)
2. 勤洗手 wash your_______(hand)
3. 常通风 open your_________(window)
4. 勤消毒 Frequent ____________(disinfection)
5. 不聚集 Don’t go to crowded_______(place)
6. 多喝水 drink much________(water)
masks
hands
windows
disinfection
places
water
Consolidation1: Practice makes perfect!
1．Cows have four ________.What about ________ and ________？ A．stomaches；mosquitos；monkeys B．stomachs；mosquitoes；monkeies C．stomachs；mosquitos；monkeys D．stomaches；mosquitoes；monkeies2．He found a lot of _________ were________. A．passers﹣by； grown﹣ups B．passer﹣bys； growns﹣up C．passer﹣bys； grown﹣ups D．passers﹣by； growns﹣up
3．Two _______teachers and four ______students were praised at the meeting yesterday． A．women； girl B．woman； girl C．woman； girls D．women； girls
4．The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming new year． A．many preparations B．much preparation C．preparation D．preparations
5．I want some _______ and ______ in my room． A．shelves； sofas B．shelfes； plants C．photoes； shelves D．furnitures； shelves
6．There were three ___ eggs in the basket． A．dozen B．dozens C．dozens of D．dozened of
7．We're glad that the party turns out ________． A．Success B．a success C．to be succeed D．successful one
8．Hey， you can't enter Lady's Room. You two are _______ . A．man workers B．man worker C．men workers D．men worker
9．It is that the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors. A．a pity B．the pity C．pity D．pities
C
A
A
D
A
C
B
C
A
10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
11. （2021年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49_________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
12. （2021年全国乙卷）It often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62________(develop)of the local areas.
13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
14. (2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Historical 19. ___________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
15. (2020年，全国卷I) The far side of the moon is of particular 24.___________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)
Consolidation2: Practice makes perfect!
humans
watchtowers
development
marriage
accuracy
interest
Can you make a summary by yourself
名词
单
复
数
不可数名词：
（特征）
可数名词:
（单数）
①无复数；不可用a/an修饰名词；
②表具体数量用“数词+单位名词+of”
eg: a piece of furniture
two cups of tea
③表大概的量用much，a lot of，a little，
little，some，plenty of，a great deal of
eg: some advice/ a great deal of water
④抽象名词具体化
eg: in surprise what a surprise!
一般名词前加不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their，数词one等，不可单独使用。
eg: a desk my computer three desks
注意：a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如a computer（一台电脑）。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前，如an orange（一个橘子）。
判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。如a university/uniform, an hour
Summary
1.一般情况下，词尾加-s。
bed→beds床 page→pages页
2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es。
box→boxes盒子 watch→watches手表3.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es。
leaf→leaves树叶 knife→knives刀子
特例：
roof→roofs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰
chef→chefs厨师 proof→proofs证据
名词
单
复
数
可数:
单→复
规
则
变
化
4.以o结尾
①有生命，加s:
kangaroos, bamboos, zoos, photos, pianos, studios
②无生命，加es:
volcanoes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
名词
单
复
数
可数:
单→复
规
则
变
化
5.以y结尾
①辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：
strategy→strategies, policy→policies
②元音字母+y结尾,y → s：
boy→boys, guy→guys,donkey→donkeys
6.合成名称
①有中心词，s加在中心词上
father-in-law→fathers-in-law
son-in-law→sons-in-law
②无中心词，s放在名词后
grown-up→growns-up
looker-on→lookers-on
③“man/woman+中心词．”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。
woman techer→women techers
man manager→men managers
名词
单
复
数
①元音变化：
tooth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人
②词尾变化：
ox→oxen牛 child→children孩子
③单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series, works
(由名词前的修饰词决定单复数)
eg: All the means have been tried.
Every mean has been tried.
④复数名词：
clothes衣服 cattle牛群 people人们
⑤某国人
（提示：表示“某国人”的名词复数形式因习惯不同而异。）
a. 单复数同行 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， Vietnamese.
b. 直接加s German→Germans
可数:
单→复
不
规
则
变
化
（看做复数）
（看做单数）
常
见
名
词
派
生
①动词(v.) → 名词(n.)
以-ence, -ance/-tion, -sion/-ment/-ure/-al结尾
exist→existence assist→assistance
adopt→adoption impress→impression
astonish→astonishment invest→investment
特例：
建议 advise→advice；设施 devise→device；
回复 respond→response； 选择 choose→choice
②形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）
以-ness/-age/-th/-ce，-se/-y，-cy结尾
冷静 calm→calmness 无私selfless→selflessness
婚姻 marry→marriage 短缺 short→shortage
温暖 warm→warmth 真理 true→truth
压力 press→pressure 离开 depart→departure
名词
部
分
常
见
名
词
派
生
部
分
常
见
名
词
派
生
③以-dom结尾的名词：
free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom智慧
king→kingdom王国
④以-hood结尾的名词：
child→childhood 孩童时代
neighbor→neighborhood 邻近；附近
⑤以-or，-er, -ian, -ist，-ese等结尾表示“......的人”的名词：
发明家invent→inventor
作 家 write→writer
音乐家 music→musician
生物学家 biology→biologist
中国人 China→Chinese
名词
Thanks for listening.
名词(Nouns)
学习目标
01
正确掌握可数名词和不可数名词的区别，名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化、派生名词的特点。
02
运用名词的基本规则解决学习难题。
03
自行总结名词的运用规则。
学完本课，你可以：
CORONAVIRUS
冠状病毒？
virus是单数还是复数？
virus 单数形式
viruses 复数形式，多种病毒
其他情况用单数。和fish用法相同。
Last week, The Shenzhen Health Commission said that everybody should take a necleic acid test(核酸检测） for novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒).
Let’s go!
① In front of me, man and woman are waiting in line.
Which one is right
② In front of me, a man and a woman are waiting in line.
Tips1: 单数可数名词(S.N)
用不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their/your，数词one等修饰，不可单独使用。
一个老师 a teacher 我的妈妈 my mother 一个学生 one student
Scene1
①In an universtiy, we have waited for an hour.
②In a universtiy, we have waited for a hour.
③In a universtiy, we have waited for an hour.
Tips2: 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。
a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前。
一个电脑a computer [k m pju t r]
一件制服a uniform [ ju n f rm]
an加在以元音音素开头的名词前。
一个橘子an orange [ r nd ]
一个小时an hour [ a r]
Which one is right
Scene2
元音字母a,e,i,o，u中，a，e,i,o开头的单词用an修饰，u [ju:] 是例外。
以u开头的单词，发/Ju:/用a修饰;发/ /用an修饰
Exercise 1
一个苹果_____ apple 一个耳朵_____ ear
一英尺土地_____ inch of land 一个海洋_____ ocean
一把伞_____ umbrella [ m brel ]
一个独特的花瓶_____ unique [ju ni k] vase
一个有用的电脑_____ useful [ ju sfl] computer
一个丈夫_____ husband [ h zb nd] 一个英雄_____ hero[ h ro ]
一个小时_____ hour [ a r] 一个诚实的女孩_____ honest [ ɑ n st] girl
an
an
an
an
a
an
a
a
a
an
an
21个辅音字母中，h是特例
①A bottles of disinfectants is placed in a desk.
②A bottle of disinfectant is placed in a desk.
Tips3: 不可数名词(UN )
表数量用“数词+单位名词+of”
用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，
a great deal of修饰。
eg:一条建议/信息 一些建议/信息
a piece of advice/inormation some advice/information
取得一些进步
make much progress
③A bottle of disinfectants is placed in a desk.
消毒液
两条建议
two pieces of advice
make a progress
Which one is right
Scene3
抽象名词具体化
What a surprise!
Some volunteers are checking the health QR code.
Some volunteer are checking the health QR code.
Do you know the plural forms(复数形式)
of the noun
Which one is right
Scene4
Three________(doctor) wear_______(mask).
Can you describe the scene
Their _________(watch) are in three
_______(box).
Think and summarize
Tips5: 复数名词以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es.
eg: 灌木 bush→ 大众mass→
狐狸fox→ 英寸inch→
Tips4: 一般复数名词在名词后加s.
doctors
masks
watches
boxes
bushes
masses
foxes
inches
特例：monarchs(君主)
stomachs(胃)
A doctor hold two________(knife) in the operation room.
Can you describe the scene
There are some _______(piano)for nurses to play. They are ________(hero) for us.
Tips5: 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es.
改错：It was autumn and the leaf were yellow.
特例：roof→roofs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 proof→proofs证据
Tips7:以o结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s.
eg: 土豆 potato→ 照片photo→
特例：
volcanoes(火山) , echoes(回声), mosquitos(蚊子)
knives
the leaves were yellow.
pianos
heroes
potatoes
photos
With all kinds of appropriate ________(policy), ______(boy) and girls are saved from death.
Tips8:辅音+y结尾，改y为i,再加es. eg: 苍蝇 fly--flies
元音+y结尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy--guys
Tips9: man/woman修饰名词，双方都变复数。
Attention：girl/boy修饰名词，只将名词变为复数形式。
eg: 男生志愿者们 boy volunteers 对比：men volunteers
女生舞者 girl dancers 对比:women dancers
Can you describe the scene
policies
boys
They are grateful for the three ____ _______(man doctor) and several _______ ______(woman nurse).
men doctors
women nurses
We ___________(grown-up) are moved by the music the
nurse played.
These ___________(son-in-law) rise to applaud their______________(father-in-law) for what they do.
Tips10: 一些合成名词中
有中心词，s加在中心词上；无中心词，s加在合成词后面。
一些常考的合成词: 过路者passers-by
旁观者 standers-by/lookers-on
成年人 grown-ups
grown-ups
sons-in-law
Can you describe the scene
fathers-in-law
During the outbreak of COVID-19, We chinese are protected well by a group of lovely people.
chinese/chineses
people/peoples.
Tips11: Chinese为单复数同行的名词，
people为复数名词。
常用的复数名词还有：
police(警察)，cattle(牛群)
常见的单复数同行的名词还有：
Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)
Can you describe the scene
Can you describe the scene
Why are they called the lovely people
Because of their ________(devote) and ___________(selfless) to work.
devotion
selflessness
Tips12: 一些名词以-ion/-ness/-ment/-or/-er/
- ian/ -ist/-cy等结尾。
eg: exist→existence存在
What should we do
1. 戴口罩 wear_______(mask)
2. 勤洗手 wash your_______(hand)
3. 常通风 open your_________(window)
4. 勤消毒 Frequent ____________(disinfection)
5. 不聚集 Don’t go to crowded_______(place)
6. 多喝水 drink much________(water)
masks
hands
windows
disinfection
places
water
Consolidation1: Practice makes perfect!
1．Cows have four ________.What about ________ and ________？ A．stomaches；mosquitos；monkeys B．stomachs；mosquitoes；monkeies C．stomachs；mosquitos；monkeys D．stomaches；mosquitoes；monkeies2．He found a lot of _________ were________. A．passers﹣by； grown﹣ups B．passer﹣bys； growns﹣up C．passer﹣bys； grown﹣ups D．passers﹣by； growns﹣up
3．Two _______teachers and four ______students were praised at the meeting yesterday． A．women； girl B．woman； girl C．woman； girls D．women； girls
4．The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming new year． A．many preparations B．much preparation C．preparation D．preparations
5．I want some _______ and ______ in my room． A．shelves； sofas B．shelfes； plants C．photoes； shelves D．furnitures； shelves
6．There were three ___ eggs in the basket． A．dozen B．dozens C．dozens of D．dozened of
7．We're glad that the party turns out ________． A．Success B．a success C．to be succeed D．successful one
8．Hey， you can't enter Lady's Room. You two are _______ . A．man workers B．man worker C．men workers D．men worker
9．It is that the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors. A．a pity B．the pity C．pity D．pities
C
A
A
D
A
C
B
C
A
10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
11. （2021年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49_________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
12. （2021年全国乙卷）It often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62________(develop)of the local areas.
13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
14. (2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Historical 19. ___________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
15. (2020年，全国卷I) The far side of the moon is of particular 24.___________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)
Consolidation2: Practice makes perfect!
humans
watchtowers
development
marriage
accuracy
interest
Can you make a summary by yourself
名词
单
复
数
不可数名词：
（特征）
可数名词:
（单数）
①无复数；不可用a/an修饰名词；
②表具体数量用“数词+单位名词+of”
eg: a piece of furniture
two cups of tea
③表大概的量用much，a lot of，a little，
little，some，plenty of，a great deal of
eg: some advice/ a great deal of water
④抽象名词具体化
eg: in surprise what a surprise!
一般名词前加不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their，数词one等，不可单独使用。
eg: a desk my computer three desks
注意：a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如a computer（一台电脑）。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前，如an orange（一个橘子）。
判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。如a university/uniform, an hour
Summary
1.一般情况下，词尾加-s。
bed→beds床 page→pages页
2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es。
box→boxes盒子 watch→watches手表3.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es。
leaf→leaves树叶 knife→knives刀子
特例：
roof→roofs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰
chef→chefs厨师 proof→proofs证据
名词
单
复
数
可数:
单→复
规
则
变
化
4.以o结尾
①有生命，加s:
kangaroos, bamboos, zoos, photos, pianos, studios
②无生命，加es:
volcanoes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes
名词
单
复
数
可数:
单→复
规
则
变
化
5.以y结尾
①辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：
strategy→strategies, policy→policies
②元音字母+y结尾,y → s：
boy→boys, guy→guys,donkey→donkeys
6.合成名称
①有中心词，s加在中心词上
father-in-law→fathers-in-law
son-in-law→sons-in-law
②无中心词，s放在名词后
grown-up→growns-up
looker-on→lookers-on
③“man/woman+中心词．”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。
woman techer→women techers
man manager→men managers
名词
单
复
数
①元音变化：
tooth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人
②词尾变化：
ox→oxen牛 child→children孩子
③单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series, works
(由名词前的修饰词决定单复数)
eg: All the means have been tried.
Every mean has been tried.
④复数名词：
clothes衣服 cattle牛群 people人们
⑤某国人
（提示：表示“某国人”的名词复数形式因习惯不同而异。）
a. 单复数同行 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， Vietnamese.
b. 直接加s German→Germans
可数:
单→复
不
规
则
变
化
（看做复数）
（看做单数）
常
见
名
词
派
生
①动词(v.) → 名词(n.)
以-ence, -ance/-tion, -sion/-ment/-ure/-al结尾
exist→existence assist→assistance
adopt→adoption impress→impression
astonish→astonishment invest→investment
特例：
建议 advise→advice；设施 devise→device；
回复 respond→response； 选择 choose→choice
②形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）
以-ness/-age/-th/-ce，-se/-y，-cy结尾
冷静 calm→calmness 无私selfless→selflessness
婚姻 marry→marriage 短缺 short→shortage
温暖 warm→warmth 真理 true→truth
压力 press→pressure 离开 depart→departure
名词
部
分
常
见
名
词
派
生
部
分
常
见
名
词
派
生
③以-dom结尾的名词：
free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom智慧
king→kingdom王国
④以-hood结尾的名词：
child→childhood 孩童时代
neighbor→neighborhood 邻近；附近
⑤以-or，-er, -ian, -ist，-ese等结尾表示“......的人”的名词：
发明家invent→inventor
作 家 write→writer
音乐家 music→musician
生物学家 biology→biologist
中国人 China→Chinese
名词
Thanks for listening.