人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Poems语法定语从句课件(15张ppt)

(共15张PPT)
定语从句
1.定义：
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句
2.先行词：
被修饰的名词、代词或整句话
关系代词、关系副词：
3.引导定语从句的词
关系代词：
关系副词：
when, where, why
who, whom, whose, which, that,as等
定语从句的基本概念
关系代词 修饰的先行词 所作成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系代词在从句中做宾语时，通常可以省略。
as与which区别
1.位置 二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，之中和之后,位置灵活。
2.指代 as 指代整个的句子， which除了指代整个句子还可以指代句子中的名词和代词。
3.固定搭配 as常与know, see, remember , say, show, expect , guess等动词连用，as的固定搭配有：as we all know众所周知 as is expected正如所预料的 as the saying goes正如谚语所说 as is said above正如以上所述 as is reported 正如报道的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事
4.句义 as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，意为“正如，正像”，which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，意为“这一点，这件事”
关系副词when, where, why
在定语从句中，先行词---表示时间、地点或原因的名词
从句中缺状语要用关系副词when, where, why
when, where, why 可与“介词+ which”结构互换
I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
on the day =on which=when
in the house =in which = where
for the reasons =for which =why
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
只能用that不用which的情况
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
介词+关系代词的用法
“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词常用的有 which，whom， whose，不可用that和who。
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
其中介词的确定主要遵循以下2个原则:
1.根据与定语从句中动词、形容词与先行词的某种固定搭配来确定
1）In the dark street. there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
2）Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.
3）This is the camera ________ I spent 6 yuan.
4）This is the camera _________ I paid 6 yuan.
2.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定
1）I never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
2）The colorless gas without which we can＇ t live is called oxygen.
3）I remember the day on which I came to my tower of ivory.
4） Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
on which
for which
to
in
×
×
其它注意要点
1.主谓一致
从句谓语动词和先行词保持一致
one of +复数名词+关系代词 谓语 动词用复数形式
the only one of +复数名词+关系代词 谓语 动词用单数形式
There are more than 200 volunteers who are helping with the work.
Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
He is one of students who______ going to Beijing!
He is the only one of students who_____going to Beijing!
are
is
2.Way的用法
先行词是way, 定语从句缺状语时，关系词用 that; in which; / 三种形式.
定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用which/that, 做宾语时还可以省略。
判断the way 在定语从句中所做成分
1.I don’t like the way ____ you speak to your father.
2.This is the way ____ he thought of to solve the problem.
3.This is the way ____ can be used in our company.
状语
宾语
主语
3.分隔式定语从句
正常情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词词之后
但有时为了保持句子的平衡或行文需要，在其中间插入一些其他成分
I was the only person in our office who was invited.
The day is sure to come when you will succeed.
4.混点辨析
He sold his bicycle ,_______surprised me.
_____ is known to all, Einstein is a famous scientist.
______ is known to all that…….
______ is known to all is that ……
As
What
It
which
定语从句与并列句
1.There are 50 students in our class, 20 of ____ are girls.
2.There are 50 students in our class, and 20 of ____ are girls.
whom
them
定语从句与同位语从句
1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won.
2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.
that
(that/ which)
易错对比练习
1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
2. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
2) It was at eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
3 .1) It was in the hospital____ he came across a friend of his.
2)It was the hospital ____ he came across a friend of his.
4. 1). We should go to the place _____ we are most needed.
2). We should go to the place _____ needs us most.
5. 1). Mother didn't come back on December 25, _____was my birthday.
2). Mother didn't come back home on December 25, _____she was busy working.
whom
them
when
that
where
that
where
which/that
which
when
6.1). This is the room _____ he lived in his childhood.
2). This is the room _____ he lived in last year.
7. 1) The teacher didn’t know the reason _______ she was absent yesterday
2) The teacher couldn’t accept the reason _______ she explained yesterday
8.1) We must learn to act in ways ______ do not harm other living things.
2) I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to his mother.
3) This is the way ____ he thought of to solve the problem.
where
which
why
which/that
which/that
that/in which/不填
which/that
11.1) _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
2) _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
3) _____ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting.
2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting.
13. 1) _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
_____ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
14.1)This is one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week.
2)This is the very one of the most interesting films _____ shown last
week.

Whoever
What
Anyone
that were
that was
As
It
that
what
15.1) He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.
2) He still lives in the room, the window _____ which faces to the east.
3) He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.
whose
of
which/that
16. 1)______ is known is that he has gone to college.
2)______ is known that he has gone to college.
3 )______ is known, he has gone to college.
4)We all know _____ he has gone to college.
5)He has gone to college, ____ made us surprised.
6)He has gone to college and ______ made us surprised.
7) He has gone to college, ____ surprised us.
8)______ surprised us most was ______ he has gone to college.
What
It
As
that
which
it
which
What
that