中考-阅读五选四
一、考情分析
年份 2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年 2017年
话题 科普知识 科普知识 情感与情绪 社会生活 教育方向
篇章分类
标题文
标题选项的特点:1.______________; 2. ______________ ; 3. ______________
普通选项的特点:______________
普通文
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2. ________
Take part in after class activities that interest you. Try to make friends in the clubs. If you don't join anything, you will be just going to class and then going home. Being in a club makes you more social.
A. Join clubs.
B. Starting a new life might make you excited.
作答技巧
1. 根据空的位置进行推断
标题位置:标题段的主旨句
开头位置:_____________
结尾位置:______________
根据承上启下关系推断
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We've heard about several “poor students” in the past year. Cui Qingtao, a student from Yunnan, was working with his parents on a building site when he got an admission letter(录取通知书) from Peking University. 1. ________ She is a student from Hebei. She was doing her part time job in a different city when her family got her admission letter from Peking University.
A. Life is full of ups and downs.
B. A girl named Wang Xinyi is another example.
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If your children are learning to read, it's wonderful! Whatever they're reading, they're probably super excited readers! But the fact is, reading is a skill. 2. ________
◆Create a comfortable reading space.
Choose a special place with right furnishings(装饰), blankets and pillows for your children and put a bookcase of your children's books.
A. Here are some useful ways to help make your children love reading!
B. Let them have fun around there and they can choose whatever excites them.
通过概括总结推断
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1. ________ Are you smarter in the morning, afternoon or evening Schedule difficult tasks for times you feel good, saving easy ones for when you're tired.
A. Think about the time of day you work best.
B. Figure out(弄明白)which of your tasks is the most important.
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3. ________ If you're giving someone bad news, try to use a soft friendly voice to make you sound kind. Say things to show you understand, like “I'm really sorry. I know this must be disappointing.”
A. I'm sure you will join us in the next game.
B. Use a soft friendly voice.
根据代词在上下文中的指代作用
it__________ they/them__________ he______________ she_________
(2021·山东潍坊)Nitrous oxide forms naturally.(3) Bacteria are living organisms(生物)made of single cells. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizer(氮肥)to help grow bigger crops. The bacteria in the soil take the nitrogen from the fertilizer and make more nitrous oxide with it.
A. It comes from bacteria(细菌)that live in the dirt.
B. Carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)is one gas that traps heat.
根据重复的关键词推断
(2021·四川德阳) Each has a different meaning.The first three digits tell you which mobile phone service provider you are using.The fourth to the seventh digits tell you where the number is registered.And the last four digits are random.
D.The 11 digits can be divided into three parts.
4. 根据逻辑关系推断
常考的逻辑关系包括:_______ _______ _______ _______ ________ _______等
根据并列递进关系推断
表示并列/递进关系的词有:______________________________________________
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A proverb is a short, well known saying that expresses a common truth or belief. Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old.
In American history, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventor and writer as well as a leader of the American Revolution. 1. ________
A. This means that money should not be wasted.
B. He was also famous for his proverbs.
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To give blood, a person must be at least 18 years old and must meet certain other requirements. Students of all ages, though, can learn more about the donation process by visiting a local blood donation center. 2. ________ It is also an easy way to help a community.
A. Donating blood is not only one of the easiest ways to save lives.
B. Most people are able to donate blood again in several months if they wish.
根据转折关系推断
表示转折关系的词有:______________________________________________
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In fact, living in poor families doesn't promise such good personalities, and living in happiness doesn't promise optimistic attitudes(态度). We like such “poor students” because they are strong and optimistic. For them, few can choose their lifestyles.1. ________ That's why they are highly praised. Every one of us should learn from them.
A. “Poor students” are usually hard working and caring.
B. However, all of them can choose their attitudes towards life.
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●Be careful when diving(跳水) into the water headfirst.
Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe. In natural water, don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. 2. ________, causing injury(伤害) or death.
A. So an adult should always be present
B. Or you could hit your head on the bottom
根据解释关系推断
表示解释关系的词有:______________________________________________
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Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like, “A penny saved is a penny earned.” 1. ________
Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. The first ones are about love. Some people say, “All is fair in love and war.” They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable.
2. ________ In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.
Here is another popular saying about love:“The way to a man's heart is through his stomach.” Some people believe that a woman can win a man's love if she prepares his favorite foods.
3. “________” This proverb is true in love and war or other situations. It means that what you do is more important than what you say.
We have to stop here, so we must say, “All good things must come to an end.”
A. Actions speak louder than words.
B. Another proverb says “Love is blind.”
C. He was also famous for his proverbs.
D. This means that money should not be wasted.
E. He included many proverbs that he had heard or created.
B. Food that you grow yourself is always fresh.
根据因果关系推断
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Seeing blood in a horror movie might make you cover your eyes, but real blood isn't scary at all. 1.________ That's why blood donors are considered lifesavers.
A. Donating blood is not difficult.
B. In fact, blood is the gift of life and keeps us alive.
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House fires cause many deaths each year and a large number of these fires are unfortunately set by children. 2. ____Kids must understand that they'd better not play with fire. You should keep matches and lighters out of their reach.
A. Most of these deaths can be avoided.
B. So, it's important to teach them that fire is a tool, not a toy.
根据举例推断
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How much physical activity do you do in a week Are you getting enough exercise 1. ________ For example, people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases. Regular exercise reduces the risk of early death by 30%. It also improves your sleep quality.
A. Try getting a group of friends or family together.
B. Regular activity benefits your health in many ways.
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In fact, many parents don't know how to help their children get enough sleep. Here is something you can do. For children at the age of 5-11, a 30-40 minutes' routine(常规) before sleep is helpful. 2. ________ In the activities, children relax and enjoy themselves a lot, and they will go to sleep more easily.
A. It includes a bath, reading a story together and so on.
B. And don't allow them to have a computer or TV set in their bedroom.
5. 根据不同词进行判断
相关词类包括:____________________________________
根据同畴词推断
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●Pay close attention to children's safety.
Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, 1.________. If you have a pool at home, put a fence(围栏) around it in case children fall in. And if a child disappears, check the pool first.
A. skilled kids may forget green hands
B. so an adult should always be present
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2. ________ However, it is reported that still there are a few children who can't afford the expenses(费用) of schooling. But the government organized Project Hope many years ago. It creates conditions for the poor children to go back to school.
A. It's a tradition to value education in China.
E. I was used to reading the news of China in the US.
根据近义词、反义词推断
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1. ________ Medical workers ask donors several questions to make sure the blood is safe to use. Then the donors relax, often reading a magazine or talking as their blood is drawn. Afterward, the donors may receive some juice or water and maybe fruit to give them energy. The process is simple, not scary.
A. Donating blood is not difficult.
B. In fact, blood is the gift of life and keeps us alive.
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Summer is here. One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump into a swimming pool. Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends. 2. ________, so it's important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
A. But swimming can also be dangerous
B. Or you could hit your head on the bottom
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Exercise can be expensive, but it doesn't have to be. Team sports such as football can be cheap because all the players share the cost of the field. 3. ________ It can also be very social.
A. You should get more exercise and eat less to keep fit.
B. Joining a sports club is a cheap way of getting exercise.
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Holmes asked again, “What does that tell you?”
Watson thought for a while, “It tells me that there are tons of galaxies(星系) and planets.”
Holmes continued asking, “What else does it tell you?”
Watson smiled. “It tells me that God is great and powerful. At the same time, 4. ________”
A. humans are tiny.
B. it will be a sunny day tomorrow.
根据派生词推断
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◆Make the library and bookstore a special treat.
Whether your kids are big readers or not, they are only children. They may be excited about new clothes and toys, but not books! Try to use that excitement to help your children love to read. Making a special treat of spending some time at the library or bookstore can be the perfect way to get your children excited about reading. 1. ________
A. The special place may push your children to start to love reading.
B. Let them have fun around there and they can choose whatever excites them.
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There is also AI that can read lips. 2. ________ It recognizes your mouth's movements and turns them into voices or text messages. This could be very useful when you are trying to talk to someone on your phone in a noisy place. Police could also use the technology to help them find criminal suspects by lip reading recordings from video cameras.
A. Sougou brought its lip reading system to the conference.
B. If you smile, it will give you a special discount for your goods.
真题训练:
【21潍坊】
Every time you're online, you are bombarded 〔如炮轰〕by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. 12__________
Read these tips, and don't get fooled by fake news!
1. Check the source 〔来源〕
13__________ Does it look real Is the text well written Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don't have many real stories about other topics.
2. Watch out for fake photos
Many fake news stories use images 〔图像〕that are Photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search.
3. 14_______________
Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn't fake〔 although there are some exceptions〕.
4. Look for other signs
There are other methods that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS 〔全大写〕 and lots of ads that come out when you click on a link. 15__________ If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry.
If you know these things about online news, and can use them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read and what to believe. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don't share it!
根据短文内容, 从以下选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最正确选项, 选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. Check the story is in other places B. Unluckily, not all of these stories are true C. Fake news stories often spread much faster D. Also, think about how the story makes you feel E. Look at the website where the story comes from
【20潍坊】
How can we protect the Earth?One problem to solve is climate(气候)change.You might wonder about climate change. What is it, exactly?
Gases surround the Earth.(1) Sunlight passes down through the gases. The gases trap(储存)the sun's heat and act like blanket. Without these gases, the Earth would be very cold. The trouble comes when humans add too many gases to the atmosphere.The gases build up and trap even more heat.This causes changes in climate. The Earth becomes too warm.
(2) There's another gas causing climate change. No one talks about it as much. It is nitrous oxide(氧化亚氮). Many call it laughing gas. Dentists may give patients nitrous oxide so they will not feel pain. The atmosphere has small amounts of nitrous oxide. But nitrous oxide can stay in the atmosphere more than 100 years which can change the climate a lot.
Nitrous oxide forms naturally. (3) Bacteria are living organisms(生物)made of single cells. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizer(氮肥)to help grow bigger crops. The bacteria in the soil take the nitrogen from the fertilizer and make more nitrous oxide with it.
So how can we help? "Number one is to not waste food," Wagner Riddle, a scientist from Canada, said. (4) That number comes from a U.S. university study. "There is a lot that goes into making food", Wagner Riddle says. "So then if it's wasted,it's for nothing."
根据短文内容,从下列选项中选出能填人文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项.
A. That's the reason for climate change.
B. It comes from bacteria(细菌)that live in the dirt.
C. Carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)is one gas that traps heat.
D. More than one﹣third of all food created in the U.S. is wasted.
E. These gases reach high into the sky and are called the atmosphere(大气层).
【19潍坊】No one wakes up feeling happy every day. Very happy people are not different. They never stop trying to be happy. Here are some of the habits of happy people.
They slow down.
Sometimes we think too much. 12 Happy people know how to enjoy the taste of their meal, enjoy the world’s colors even just step outside to enjoy fresh air.
13
Getting your body moving for as little as 10 minutes can make you happy. Happy people exercise regularly and follow through on it because they know it will help them get in good mood (情绪) and stay in good mood.
They spend money on other people.
Research shows that spending money on others makes you much happier than spending it on yourself. This is especially true of small things that show effort, such as going out of your way to buy your friend a book that you know he or she will like.
They get enough sleep.
14 Your energy, attention and memory all go down when you don’t sleep well. Happy people make sleep a first thing of all.
They have deep conversations.
Happy people know that happiness and depth go hand-in-hand. They avoid saying mean things about people. 15 They talk with others on a deeper level, because they know doing it feels good and is an interesting way to learn.
根据短文内容,从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。
They exercise.
Happiness makes you creative.
We don’t have time to look around.
Instead, they focus on meaningful relationships.
When you sleep, your brain restarts and cleans itself.
【18潍坊】It seems that food deliverymen(送货员)are always in a hurry. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets and many of them don’t follow traffic rules. 1 They use mobile phones while driving.
These rude behaviors have caught the public’s attention. In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai, according to Shanghai Public Security Bureau That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road.
2 The strict rules of the food delivery service companies and the anxious customers may be the answer. Many companies will fine(罚款)a deliveryman up to 2,000 yuan, if he fails to deliver an order on time, reported China Daily. 3
To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to improve their incentive systems, noted CRI Online. 4 Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a deliveryman gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, then he will be banned(禁止)from driving food service delivery vehicles for a whole year.
根据短文内容,从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. Some cities are also taking action
B. What are the strict rules used for?
C. What makes deliverymen take such risks?
D Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers
E. They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights
【17潍坊】
How important is music Many people usually think that listening to music is nice but not very important. It is often considered only as fun, but not the first choice for education. This opinion is wrong. 52.______
53.______ Music shows people’s thinking and ideas, and the social environment it came from. just as Mozart music is a lifestyle, rock music is also a lifestyle. George Gershwin’s music is another example. He introduced jazz style into his music.
54.______ Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music studies the emotive(情感的) meanings. Such as sadness and happiness. People need every possible way to learn about our world.
Music shows people’s thought. It is a special language. We can “talk” to each other and exchange our thoughts, ideas and hopes. All of these can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive a good music education, we take them away from the meaning s that music expresses. Our children are lacking in a wonderful part in their lives. 55._______.
Music makes our lives colorful
So music education is necessary for all students
Music tells us who we are.
In fact, music education is necessary and important for all students.
Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way.
【16潍坊】
Now students' English handwriting gets worse and worse.That makes their teachers feel worried.Is your English handwriting beautiful?If not,here are four steps that really work!
◆Use paper that has lines
Using paper that has lines can keep you writing straight when you write English words or sentences.(1) .Be sure to fill the lined space completely.And make sure those capital letters(大写字母) are written properly.
◆Slow down
If your writing is hard to read,try slowing down a little.(2) If you write too fast,it's hard for you to stop where you should,and even worse,you may make more mistakes.
◆(3)
When you hold your pencil the correct way,writing is much easier.Some kids press(按,压) down really hard when they write.That makes the handwriting not nice.Try to relax yourself and don't hold the pencil so hard.Let your writing appear nice and clean.If you do so,people will guess you are a student with a good habit.
◆Draw more pictures
Drawing can improve your handwriting.You need to use the skills to control your pencil better when you are drawing pictures.Even though you have no chance to draw at school,you can practice by yourself at home.
(4) Imagine you are a world﹣famous movie star or a well﹣known sports player,what do you do went fans run up to you?Give them your autographs (亲笔签名),of course!
根据短文内容,从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项.
A.Hold your pencil right
B.Sit on the seat straight
C.Handwriting is very important
D.For some kids,going slower makes the handwriting clear
E.Those lines on the paper can help you write words in the right size.