课件64张PPT。落实课标精神 优化备考策略 ---- 从2012年中考看今年备考策略
晋中教研室 刘文军以考改促课改 指导思想按照课标要求实施教学2012年
中考试题分析一、2012年中考试题特点:特点1. 强调基础、强调能力立意
(单选、完形、阅读1、补全对话)各种题型分值理解判断题 Recently people care more about the safety of _______. Everyone wants to eat healthily.(单选)
A. foods B. clothes C. buildings
… I had a big argument with a boy in my class. I can’t 31 what it was about, but …
A. understand B. remember C. explain理解运用Last night, I _____ computer games when my mother came into my bedroom. You can’t imagine how embarrassed I was then!
A. played
B. was playing
C. have played【分析】2012年整张试卷中
认识基础上做出逻辑判断的试题占到63分,再加上看得懂、听得懂就能得分的试题还有15分,两项合计78分,占总分值的65%;
而真正需要辨别使用的、书写表达的共42分,占总分值的35%。【课标再现】教学建议第一条:“面向全体,为每个学生学习英语奠定基础。”第二小点强调了“尊重学生的个体特点”。
教学建议第二条:教师要创设语境,培养学生用英语做事情的能力。
评价建议第六条:对语言知识的考查应着重考查学生的知识运用能力,不应孤立地考查知识点或对知识点的机械记忆,要着重考查学生在具体语境中运用英语的能力。【教学建议】抓好基础,分层优化,对不同程度的学生应有不同的要求。 满足考试要求 便于班级管理
认识单词
基本理解句子语法结构
再加上对其进行一般的逻辑判断63分怎样识记单词?强化课内,化整为零,降低难度
课标(两种版本) 方法(化整为零) 降低要求2. 正确对待单词表。 课程标准所规定的生词 3500个人教版特有的课标词牛津版特有的课标词人教版、牛津版共有的课标词(考试说明)课本第一次出现的单词,或是提升学习要求后第一次出现的单词
单词表为师生提供了一个统一的单词认知背景,便于教师教新的单词,也便于学生学习新的单词。
从理论上讲,单词表所列单词都是陌生的,单词表中出现过的单词都是学生学过的。 单词表仅仅拿单词表和课本去认读单词,太枯燥,而且还记不牢。盐
检验单词是否记牢的一个标志就是看是否能在不同环境中认识单词。
3. 引入课外阅读记单词怎样理解句子结构?语言结构 不仅仅是 讲语法(能看懂)
语言结构 不仅仅是 做中考题
(能看懂)“对比分析”理论认为通过对比母语和外语,可以预测那些引起学生学习困难的项目和可能犯的错误。
当母语与目的语相同时,母语的影响是有益的,学习就显得容易;
当母语与目的语不同时,母语的影响是有害的,学习就困难。 I’m a teacher.从理解的角度看,宾语从句不需要讲 I had seen many times that my friends were refused when they asked for credit. 语法不一定都要讲懂
对一些人来说理解即可 不要用术语吓唬学习困难的学生不论是从掌握的角度还是从理解的角度 都需要在实践中实现
---- 课外大量阅读逻辑能力的培养 逻辑思维能力是指正确、合理思考的能力。即对事物进行观察、比较、分析、综合、抽象、概括、判断、推理的能力。 注重与不注重这方面的培养对于结果来说只是一个概率问题。短期或具体事件上不一定效果有多么明显,但长期关注肯定会收到效果。 有效无效 对于某个具体学生来说培养不培养有效无效培养途径 一是经常做一些类似中考题的测试,通过测试纠正学生的错误思维习惯,在纠正错误的过程中逐步培养正确的思维方式
二是多阅读,通过正面输入培养
需要课外阅读做载体认识单词
基本理解句子语法结构
再加上对其进行一般的逻辑判断课
外
阅
读特点2. 语篇选择由趣味性逐渐转向了启智性、生活性;话题难度有所增加。
不同角度看问题(完形填空)
过程胜于结果(阅读理解)
文化(抽象)
电台广播材料(生活)一、2012年中考试题特点:【课标再现】前言:促进思维发展
课程性质:义务教育阶段的英语课程具有工具性和人文性双重性质。【教学建议】工具性与人文性的统一要渗透到日常教学之中,以考改促课改、落实课标精神。日常教学不能只教知识,同时还要肩负发展学生思维能力的重任。而思维能力的培养需要载体。课外阅读特点3.
卷面语言更加灵活、丰富、复杂一、2012年中考试题特点:25小题:You are going on eighteen.
阅读A
Microblogging is sweeping across the world.
Why pollute the air by driving your car to the market when you can order your weekly shopping on the Internet?
When my mum wants to give me a lift(顺便搭载), I always refuse, …
You don’t get caught in traffic jams(堵塞---编者注) either!
So I found three other girls who live nearby to have a car share with.
And now we take it in turns to drive every day阅读B
If so, please remember, for often, achieving what you expect is not the most important thing.
A couple of boys stopped by(顺便路过---编者注) to watch.
… the boy answered excitedly.
A few small colorful stones caught his eyes.【课标再现】课程基本理念第六条:语言学习需要大量的输入。丰富多样的课程资源对英语学习尤为重要。
评价建议第九条命题原则:要选用真实、地道的语言材料,根据语言实际使用情况命题。【教学建议】多数学生 基础知识
高端学生 不同于课本风格的灵活的语言 课本语言便于学习,但太过规范课外阅读总之学
习
词
汇掌
握
结
构智
慧
启
迪逻
辑
思
维开
阔
眼
界课外阅读压力太大<突破误区学习困难学生要阅读(例子)
实用性,易操作性,成就感。逆向思维为什么要增加课外阅读钱学森王永志欲增反减
欲减反增逆向思维bicycletransportknowledgetomatostrawberry为什么要课外阅读
行为主义:刺激 – 反应
过分强调 忽略感受 盐
降低难度 成绩感
贴近生活所以,我们要学生:阅读------认识单词(低端要求)阅读------理解结构(低端要求)阅读------丰富智慧(全体要求) 阅读------开阔眼界(高端要求)课标要求三年课外阅读量15万词,读与不读会有不同的学习效果。中考就是对平时教学的一次检验,看看我们的教师是否按照课标的要求去做了,这就是考改促课改的具体体现。【小结】引入课外阅读要注意:质与量贴近生活 时文分层要求如何处理大量单词 Stand tall like a sunflower
My wife, daughter and I moved into our home nine years ago. We spent a lot of time and energy in the yard making it clean and beautiful.
Last summer I went to our garden and found a tiny little plant, but I didn’t know what it was. I knew I hadn’t planted it and my wife said that she hadn’t, either. We decided to let it grow until we could find out what it was.
Weeks passed and the mystery(神秘)plant appeared to be a sunflower. It was skinny(瘦)with a tall weak stalk(茎)and only one head on it. As I moved stones away from the area to get to the weeds(野草), I saw something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw the stalk begin. It actually had begun under a big stone and grown under and around it to get the sun.
That’s when I realized that if a tiny little sunflower didn’t let a big rock stand in its way, we too are able to do the same thing. If we believe in ourselves, we can find the sun, no matter how difficult.
Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what you are and the environment will begin to support you. You will find a way to go under or around your big obstacle(障碍)so that you can reach your goals.
By Tony MasielloA wound he’ll never forget
In World War I, an English soldier watched in horror as his best friend fell under gunfire. All the soldiers had to retreat. The soldier went to ask the officer to let him fetch his friend.
The officer agreed, but added: “It is hardly worth it. Your friend is probably dead and you may die too.”
The soldier did not care about this warning(警告)and luckily he found his friend, lifted him to his shoulders(肩膀)and walked back. He was wounded(受伤)while carrying him. The officer helped them to safety and noticed the soldier’s friend was dead. “I’m sorry for your friend --- but I told you it was not worth(值得的)it. Your friend is dead and now you are also seriously wounded.”
“I have to disagree with you. It was worth it,” said the soldier.
“What do you mean?” asked the officer.
“It was worth it,” the soldier repeated. When I got to my friend, he was still alive and said ‘Jim, I knew you would never leave me’.”
“But what about the wound? How is that worth it?” asked the officer.
“The wound is the best part,” the soldier answered. “It will help me remember my friend forever.”通过中考试卷的以上特点及其应对策略的分析,我们得出:不论是优秀的学生还是学习有困难的学生,适当引入课外阅读都有好处。特点4.
重点就是重点,重点不回避 一、2012年中考试题特点:【分析】上述试题不偏、不难、不怪,重点突出,不回避。只要不要让学生放弃学习英语,就会有好的成绩。【课标再现】评价建议第九条命题原则:要确保试题的信度和效度,杜绝繁、偏、旧的试题。
以上考查内容都在课标中有所规定【教学建议】不必寻找规律,凡课标(考试说明)要求的都应该准备好。特别是一些重点,从不回避:涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、连词、介词、习惯用语与固定搭配、功能话题、宾语从句。没有涉及冠词和感叹词。其中重中之重又放在名词、动词、形容词、副词、短语、宾语从句之上。听力复习教学建议 技巧训练之听之前:
例如2012年第8小题:
A.On food. B.By car. C.By bike.例如听力第三题:11. In the story, which grade was Frank in?
A. In Grade Six. B. In Grade Seven. C. In Grade Eight.
12. Why did the teacher change Frank’s part in the school play?
A. Because he was too nervous.
B. Because he loved to read aloud.
C. Because his mother didn’t help her.
13. How did he feel when the teacher asked him to be the narrator(解说员)?
A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Unhappy.
14. What did his mother take him to the garden for?
A. Making him confident. B. Digging all the flowers out.
C. Practicing for the school play.
15. What happened at the end of the story?
A. Frank planted many roses. B. Frank refused his new part.
C. Frank did very well in the play.这篇短文的主人公:Frank, his mother and his teacher
情景:Frank --- a school play ---- (the teacher)change the part ---- (his mother) take him to the garden --- in the end听力复习教学建议 技巧训练之听之前:
以考代练 挑战极限 及时鼓励“词语运用”复习建议 词语运用的基础是阅读
明确“正确形式”的内涵
帮助学生梳理各种词的变化。
降低难度(6选5)
以考代练曲折变化与派生
派生则是在单词上加上派生词素,藉以从现有词汇中添加新词(例如从一个名词上创造一个新的动词)。简单说就是词根加词缀。如 care - careful - carefullly
屈折变化指单词在语法上的变化,即语法功能改变,所代表的意义的改变。屈折变化又可以分为变位和变格,前者指动词的时、体、式、态等范畴的变化(各种时态、语态和各种动词形式),或后者则指名词、代词、形容词的格、数和性等范畴的变化。
在词典中,单词不会依屈折变化列出来,但派生词却会列出来。例如英语词典会把readable和readability分开词条列在其词根read以下,但不会把reads和reading分开词条列出来。
------ 维基百科写作建议 英语是形合性语言,汉语是意合性语言,人在学习外语时总要受到母语的影响。
我一到北京就给你打电话。
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
你去我也去。
If you go, I will go.
能力训练要以考代练 量化评价对象:能力训练为主的题型(听力、完形、词语运用)
方式:每天有所侧重 循环往返
意义:
挑战极限 训练质量高
纵向自我比较容易有成功感
量化评价更直观 更能触动学生 测试接力赛
要目中有人 关注学生心理 及时发现问题 调整策略 鼓励学生(成功与失败)知识落实要以不变应万变教学复习用题不同于编书、出考题
积累一些经典试题,狠抓落实
汉译英三轮复习建议任何时间不要让学生脱离“朗读”
第一轮过课本 知识可以跟着课本走,但能力训练保持初三水平 不能完全用同步练习代替中考复习练习
综合复习时不能脱离课本有计划地过课本
教师最应该做的事情关注方向 成功=99%汗水+1%灵感 方向永远比勤奋更重要
关注学生 是否很投入
关注落实 知识勤反馈 能力渐提高
自己多投入 学生会轻松
切忌:师生在题海中遨游
学生不停地做题
教师不停地判题
规划不科学是最大的浪费。 ----- 耿彦波当我们全力做一件事情的时候,我们会发现做到一定火候的时候,就会出现停滞不前的现象。而越是停滞不前,我们往往就越要在这里下更大的功夫,而在同一个地方越下功夫就越难取得好的效果。这就是我们在时间、任务规划上的不科学。 --- 刘文军时间效果功夫在诗外 【小结】夯实基础
适当拓展
目中有人
备战中考当我们站在更高的远处眺望中考时,它已不再神秘!三优论文
教学叙事再见!
2013月3月资料下载:晋中教育网 工作室 刘文军
3118845
33549796@163.com