2022届高考英语二轮复习：文娱与体育-七选五解题方略课件（29张）

(共29张PPT)
话题4：文娱与体育
七选五解题方略
我们必须了解文章的语篇结构，掌握语篇的衔接手段，把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系，才可有效解题。
Be more like an author/editor.
Be less like a reader.
Getting to know about Gap-Filling:
了解文章的语篇结构
总分结构
总分结构
总分总结构
总分分结构
(1) 语法手段(指代)
凡在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词，我们要思考该代词替代上文中的什么内容，意义是否通顺。如：
考点1：语篇的衔接手段
语篇的衔接手段主要有语法手段(如指代等)和词汇手段(如复现关系、同现关系等)。
(2021年全国甲卷) You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.
So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor 36 . It’s the best way
to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
B. Hold a clothing swap
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
解析：本题前句问“那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上、虽完好但可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？”，后句提到“这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法”，B选项“进行衣物交换”是对前句的回答，且与后一句的It相呼应，故选B项。
B
① 词语复现：如果空格前、后句中与正确选项中含有相同的一个或几个词，叫原词或同词复现；如果前后句与选项中没有相同的词，但有同义表达，叫同义复现。
(2) 词汇手段(复现/同现)
(2020年新高考Ⅱ卷)
● Keep track of how you are feeling.
38 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms (症状) and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you’ve felt that way.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments
don’t work.
D. Before your doctor’s visit, keep notes on how you
are feeling.
原词复现
D
解析：观察选项，选项D中的“how you are feeling”与小标题中的“how you are feeling”属于原词复现。将答案代入原文，前后语义衔接紧密，故选D项。
② 词语同现：就是相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fail, pass, learn等词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如：
(2021年全国甲卷) ● Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.
40 . And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!
D. Just keep music playing throughout
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good
condition
解析：与上下文中的song，party可能同时出现的，只有D选项中的music，故选D项(始终播放音乐)。
词语同现
D
③ 结构复现：就是句子结构重复出现，常有also作为标志词。如：
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) 37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
D. So why should we try to set specific goals
结构复现
B
解析：因空后句中how should you…与选项B中 how should you…是结构复现；下文提到“更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现目标？”，将选项B“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”代入文中，前后意义衔接。
(1) 总分关系: 要求考生根据“总(主题句)”选“分(支撑句或分述句)”,也可能根据“分”选“总”。如：
考点2：把握句与句的逻辑关系
(2021年全国甲卷) ● 38 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good
condition
解析：设空处位于本段段首，应为本段的主题句。后文提到“他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的‘新’衣服带回家”，G选项“告诉每个人带上完好且干净的衣服”恰好概括这一段的主旨，选项中的clean clothes in good condition对应下文的“new” clothes。
对应
G
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷)● Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39
(2) 顺承关系：顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，分句之间有先后相承的关系。如：
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
C
解析：本段的主题是意识到自己所有的优点。根据上文中的“List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.”可知，此处表示所列的成就中，即使是那些看似微不足道的小事，也是我们生活中的成就。结合选项可知，C项（再小的事都值得庆祝）与上文为顺承关系，符合语境。
(3) 转折关系：选项或空后句中常有but, however, instead等词。如：
(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷)People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
前后语义转折
关注公众而忽略演讲
A. Do the opposite.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by
focusing on your listeners.
关注演讲本身
相反之事
A
解析：空前提到了人们太过于关注公众而忽略了演讲本身，后文则谈到要关注演讲本身；由此可知，前后文之间形成语义上的转折。结合选项可知，A项（做相反的事）符合前后文逻辑关系及语境，指出要关注演讲本身而非观众。
(4) 因果关系：空格前后可能有so, therefore, since, because等词。如：
(2021年全国乙卷) According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult
to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the
first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking
to strangers.
B. The first step is to go exploring
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations
with strangers
因
果
B
解析：本段末句提到“所以最主要的事情就是现身，勇于冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈”，因此如果你走出自己的舒适区或如果你第一次走到别人的房子，“第一步就是去探索”，选项B与空格后句是因果关系，故选B项。
(5) 解释关系：
用更为明白易懂的话重述或解释前面的
信息，常用that is (i.e.), in other words, that means, in fact等或冒号(:)、破折号(—)等标点符号。如：
D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
G. In other words, when you take care of your body,
you take care of your brain.
解析：In other words表示该句是对空格前一句的解释，且take care of your body是exercise的近义表达，还有your brain是词语复现，故选G项。
(2011全国卷) 2. Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74
近义表达
词语复现
G
(6) 顺序关系：指one / first… second (ly)… third (ly)… (第一……第二……第三……)，first… next… then… (首先……接下来……然后……)等。如：
(2013全国Ⅰ卷 )One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.
E. The second aspect relates to the application
of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management,
organization has two main aspects.
E
解析：因前有One后有The third，这里应是The second，故选E项。
考点3：重视语篇的明显标志
E. Gardening is another great activity for
helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions
about characters in stories.
*. 标点符号 (2014全国Ⅰ卷) … Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39
“Why do you think she’s crying ” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel ”
三个问号
考点3：重视语篇的明显标志
解析：由空后的连续三个问题可知，与F项的ask questions相关，故选F，“我们可以在实际生活中这样做(read people)，或者就故事中的人物提问”。
结构复现
三条思路
一看文章结构
二找衔接词语
三析逻辑关系
指代
同现
原词复现
同义复现
复现
总分 顺承 转折 因果 解释 顺序
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
l 36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
l “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life."
l 38 "I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”
l So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive."
A. So why do we dance
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
2018年全国卷III
七选五
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
l Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37_
l Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
l 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
l 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
2018年全国卷II
七选五