(共41张PPT)
01
考点解读
02
03
04
考点梳理
真题剖析
实战提分
第二章
第一节 名词
01
考点解读
02
考点梳理
(一)名词的分类 ★★★
普通名词
个体名词:orange,pencil,flower,woman,car等。
集体名词:government,army,group,people,family等。
物质名词:air,fire,milk,water,rice 等。
抽象名词:love,health,kindness,happiness,friendship,patience 等。
专有名词:China,the United Nations,Hong Kong,the Great Wall 等。(专有名词的首字母要大写)
(二)名词的数★★★★★
名词的数指的是名词的单数和复数。按照名词所表示的事物的性质可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,有单复数之分。物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词,通常只有单数形式。不可数名词不能直接和不定冠词、数词以及many,a few,several等词连用。
1. 规则变化的名词复数形式的构成 ★★★★★
情况 构成方式 例词
一般情况 在词尾加-s book→books,day→days,girl→girls
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus→buses glass→glasses,box→boxes
以?f或?fe结尾的词 变?f或?fe为v,再加-es leaf→leaves,thief→thieves, knife→knives
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i,加-es country→countries,factory→factories
(二)名词的数★★★★★
1. 规则变化的名词复数形式的构成 ★★★★★
(二)名词的数★★★★★
情况 构成方式 例词
以元音字母加y结尾的名词 加-s toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days,key→keys
以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 一般加-es hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes
一些外来词加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos,kilo→kilos
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词 加?s radio→radios, zoo→zoos
缩略词 只加-s IDs,DVDs
2.不规则变化的名词复数形式的构成 ★★★★★
(二)名词的数★★★★★
2.不规则变化的名词复数形式的构成 ★★★★★
(二)名词的数★★★★★
3.名词变形容词 ★★★★★
(1)在某些国名后加-ese构成形容词,表示“……国的”。如:China→Chinese
(2)在某些地名或人名后加-ian构成形容词。如:Egypt →Egyptian
(3)在以元音结尾的表示地方的名词后加-an或-n构成形容词。如:India→Indian
(4)在某些名词后面加-y 表示“充满……的”。如:sun→sunny,wind→windy
(二)名词的数★★★★★
3.名词变形容词 ★★★★★
(5)在名词后加-ful构成形容词,表示“具有……性质的”。如:wonder→wonderful
(6)在表示人的名词后面加-ly构成形容词。如:love→lovely friend→friendly
(7)在某些名词后加-less构成形容词,表示“没有……的”。如:care→careless
(二)名词的数★★★★★
3.名词变形容词 ★★★★★
(8)在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词,表示“具有……性质的”。 如:danger→dangerous
(9)在物质名词(表示无法分为个体的文物)后面加-en构成形容词。如:gold→golden
(10)在部分表示学科的名词后加-al构成形容词。如:physics→physical
(二)名词的数★★★★★
(三)不可数名词的量的表达 ★★★★
不可数名词如需要用数量来修饰,需在前面搭配上合适的表示数量的词或短语。如:some, much, a lot of, a little等数量形容词表示。
(四)名词所有格 ★★★★★
1.表示有生命的东西的名词所有格
(1)一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:Jim's shoes,the children's bedroom
(2)以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:the students' reading room,Teachers' Day。
(3)并列名词表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加 's;表示共同所属时,在最后一个名词后加?'s。如:Tom and Mike's father汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)。
(四)名词所有格 ★★★★★
2.表示无生命的东西的名词所有格
常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:
the covers of the book(s)书的封面,
a picture of my family一张我家的全家福。
(四)名词所有格 ★★★★★
3. 双重所有格
被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、不定代词或数词等时,要用名词的双重所有格。其结构为“of+名词-'s”。如:
some pictures of my brother's 我哥哥的一些照片,a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友。
比较:a photo of my father's 我父亲的一张照片,
a photo of my father 我父亲的照片。
(五)名词做定语时数的变化 ★★★
当名词做定语修饰名词时,其数的变化有以下两种情形:
1. 当修饰词为man或 woman时,将man或woman与修饰的名词同时变为复数。如:
a woman singer→women singers,
a man teacher→men teachers。
2. 当修饰词不是man或woman时,则只把被修饰词变为复数。如:a boy student→some boy students,an apple tree→some apple trees。
03
真题剖析
【例1】(2020年梧州)The policeman gives us much on how to protect personal information.
A. tip B. reason C. advice D. suggestion
【解析】tip提示,可数名词。 reason原因,可数名词。 advice建议,不可数名词。suggestion建议,可数名词。much修饰不可数名词advice。故选C。
真题链接
【例2】(2021年泰州)The landing of China's rover (登陆车) Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great in space exploration.
A. progress B. project
C. product D. protection
【解析】progress进步;project项目;product 产品;protection 保护。根据句意:中国祝融号登陆车在火星上登陆,展示了中国在太空探索方面取得的巨大进步。make great progress取得巨大进步。固定短语。故选A。
真题链接
【例3】(2020年河北)In a restaurant, people usually choose food and drink from the .
A. book B. menu
C. newspaper D. magazine
【解析】此题考查名词词义辨析。根据句意:在餐馆里,人们通常从菜单上点菜。故选B。
真题链接
【例4】(2020年恩施州)Wuhan, one of the most important in China, is famous for Yellow Crane Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
【解析】此题考查名词单复数。根据“one of +最高级+名词复数形式”可知,此处用名词的复数形式。故选A。
真题链接
【例5】(2021年西宁) —What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It's room.
A. Tina and Nina's B. Tina's and Nina
C. Tina and Nina D. Tina's and Nina's
【解析】根据问句—What a clean and tidy room!—多干净整洁的房间啊!由冠词a及答语中的It's,可知是蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间,应用名词的所有格形式,用and连接两个并列名词的所有格。当and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加's。故选A。
真题链接
【例1】 fathers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Ann's B. Peter's and Ann's
C. Peter's and Ann D. Peter and Ann
【解析】此题容易误选A或C。错误的原因是受思维定式的影响。平时考生们做多了This is Lucy and Lily's bedroom. 这样的题,那么一看到这样的题就想到只是在后面一个单词后面用所有格。其实,到底用一个所有格,还是用两个所有格,取决于它们所修饰的名词。如果所修饰的名词是单数可数名词,就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格;如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词,那么两个名词都用所有格。正确答为B。
易错剖析
【例2】—Excuse me, are you
—No, we are .
A. Americans, Englishman
B. Americans, Germans
C. Americans, Germen
D. Englishman, Americans
易错剖析
04
实战提分
(一)写出下列名词的复数形式。
基础过关
1.box________ 2.watch ________
3.potato________ 4.wife________
5.city________ 6.tooth ________
7.child ________ 8.sheep________
9.policeman________ 10.hero ________
boxes
watches
potatoes
wives
cities
teeth
children
sheep
policemen
heroes
(二)写出下列各词的名词形式。
1.invent________ 2.foreign ________
3.visit________ 4.medical ________
5.operate________ 6.build ________
7.safe________ 8.die ________
9.dangerous________ 10.noisy ________
invention
foreigner
visitor
medicine
operation
building
safety
death
danger
noise
基础过关
拓展提升
1.I have a lot of___________(homework) to do every day.
2.There are fifty________(woman) teachers in our school.
3.Can you cut this big pear into two_______ (half)
4.The two___________ (factory) were moved outside the city last year.
5.There are many________(sheep) in the hill.
homework
women
halves
factories
sheep
(一)用所给词的适当形式填空。
拓展提升
6.(2020年广西北部湾经济区)My sister want to be a ________(dance) like Yang Liping.
7. It is the one of the best________(photo) of my family.
8. I usually have some ________(milk) for breakfast.
9.(2020年扬州)The writer uses his_____________ (daughter) life in his writing.
10. (2020年兰州)The Smiths often pick ______________(strawberry) on the farm.
dancer
photos
milk
daughter's
strawberries
(一)用所给词的适当形式填空。
拓展提升
(二)单项选择。从下列每小题所给的选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.(2019年柳州)I am not hungry at all because I have just had much_______ .
A. bread B. pears C. eggs
2. (2019年桂林)Americans always use_______ to have meals while Chinese use chopsticks.
A. knife B. bowl C. forks
拓展提升
3.(2019年百色)I'd like some and ______ .
A.banana; tomato B. bananas; tomato
C.bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
4. (2019年贺州)The woman wearing a pair of glasses is______ .
A. Lily and Lucy's mother
B. Lily's and Lucy's mother
B. Lily's and Lucy's mothers
D. Lily and Lucy's mothers
拓展提升
5.(2019年玉林)—Can I help you, Madam
—Yes.______, please.
A.Two pair of socks B.Two pairs of socks
C.Two pairs of sock D.Two pair of sock
6.(2021年贵港)—Would you like something to drink,Judy?
—Yes. Some______ is OK.
A.bread B.ice cream C.salad D.milk
7.(2019年梧州)—Would you like something to drink
—Yes. Some______, please.
A.potatoes B.water C.bread D.apples
拓展提升
8.(2019年贵港)—The air is very fresh in our city. There is less______than before.
—Yes.The government has taken action to protect the environment.
A.wood B.pollution C.noise D.water
9.(2020年重庆)Would you send me some_____ of yours I miss you very much.
A.magazines B.photos C.money D.advice
10.(2020年湘西)Annie took a lot of_____with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday.
A. photo B.photoes C.photos
拓展提升
11.—Can I help you, sir
—Yes,I'd like five______ and some peas.
A.potato B.tomatoes C.meat D.banana
12.—Would you like something to drink,______or coffee
—Coffee, please.
A.fruit B.tea C.meat D.bread
13.People in America eat much______.
A.potatoes B.eggs C.beef D.hamburgers
拓展提升
14.Thanks for giving me _____ I want.
A.the information
B.an information
C.the informations
D.informations
15._____mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.
A. Li Lei and Lucy's
B. Li Lei's and Lucy's
C. Li Lei and Lucy
D. Li Lei's and Lucy
拓展提升
16.There are 46 students in my class, there are 25 boys and 21 _____ .
A.girl B.girls C.teacher D.teachers
17.My mother bought some _____ for my birthday party yesterday.
A.CDs B.cake C.card D.ticket
18.I feel a bit tired for I saw a two _____film last night.
A.hour B.hours C.hour's D.hours'
拓展提升
19. There is good _____ for you. I've found your lost watch.
A. news B.ideas C. messages D. thoughts
20. My uncle will come to my house for dinner. I want to buy some _____ to make a vegetable salad for him.
A. meat B. tomatoes C. apple juice
21. The teacher said we needed to choose three _____ for the school concert.
A. farmers B. doctors
C. drivers D. singers
拓展提升
22. Come on,children. Help yourselves to some _____if you like.
A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken
C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens
23.All the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.
A.man B.men C.woman D.women
24.Studying in a foreign country is a different _____and you can learn a lot.
A.event B.exercise
C.experience D.exhibition
本 课 结 束