如何应对中考英语“回答问题题”和“语篇翻译题学案（含答案）

如何应对中考英语“回答问题题”和“语篇翻译题”
Part1一、中考英语“回答问题题”虽然属于写作技能题，但仍然需要考生的阅读能力，只有读懂短文，才能找出答案，然后用自己的语言作答。所以做这类题分四步走：一找（题干关键词）；二定（带着题干关键词去文章中定位答案）；三推（用定位处的那句或附近的句子推出答案）；四写（用原文或自己的话概括出答案并写在答题卡上）。
以2021年永州市中考英语题写作技能第一节为例作详细分解：
第一节 回答问题 (共10分，每小题2分)阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
Rice is one of the most commonly eaten basic foods around the world. Buying it and cooking it is a daily matter. Yet for many, its presence has been a matter of life and death. It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. A poor community in the developing world may find it difficult to bring in foreign fruits or raise cattle for meat, but it can almost certainly use the land it has in order to grow plenty of rice.
This was the great achievement of Yuan Longping, who passed away on May 22 this year. A great Chinese scientist, Yuan successfully developed what is known as “hybrid rice” which can produce up a 30% higher output. Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930, a time when China was very different. It was a nation, without modern industry, depending on the rice which they grew. The first few decades (十年) of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time. This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which made him focus on (关注) farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice.
His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017. By 1991, 20% of the world’s rice output came from hybrid rice, even if only being planted in 10% of fields.
Always remember, human development begins first with the most basic and sample things, such as developing rice. We should be thankful for scientific thinkers like Yuan.
66. Why is rice a main food around the world
_________________________________________________________
67. What did Yuan develop successfully
_________________________________________________________
68. When was Yuan Longping born
_________________________________________________________
69. What made Yuan focus on farming science
_________________________________________________________
70. How many tons was the rice supply in China by 2017
_________________________________________________________
二、【分析】66题: 一找（题干的关键词是rice, main food）；
二定（在文中第一段第四句：It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. ）
三推（用定位处的那句就能直接推出答案）；
四写（用原文现成的句子写在答题卡上It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. 也可以用自己的话：Because rice is easy to grow, cheap and convenient.）。
67题：一找（题干的关键词是Yuan, develop, successfully）；
二定（在文中第二段第二句：Yuan successfully developed what is known as “hybrid rice” which can produce up a 30% higher output. ）；
三推（用定位处的那句就能直接推出答案）；
四写（用自己的话：Hybrid rice./He developed hybrid rice successfully.）
68题：一找（题干的关键词是Yuan Longping, was born）；
二定（在文中第二段第三句的前半句：Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930, ）；
三推（用定位处的那句就能直接推出答案）；
四写（用原文现成的句子写在答题卡上Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930. 也可以用自己的话：In the year 1930./In 1930.）。
69题：一找（题干的关键词是Yuan Longping, focus on，farming science）；
二定（在文中第二段倒数第一句：This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which made him focus on (关注) farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice. ）；
三推（用定位处的那句中This experience 向上推一句得到答案）
四写（用原文现成的句子写在答题卡上The rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.）。
70题：一找（题干的关键词是 tons，rice supply, by 2017）；
二定（在文中第三段第一句：His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017. ）
三推（用定位处的那句就能直接推出答案）；
四写（用原文现成的句子里的单词写在答题卡上194.7 million tons.)
考场练兵
（2020年永州市中考英语题写作技能第一节）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，并将答案填在答题上对应题号的横线上.
In China, the 12th month of the lunar calendar(阴历) is called Layue. The month is full of interesting festivals and customs.
Laba Festival, which is on the 8th day of Layue, is the first festival in this month. From this day on, people begin to get ready for the Chinese New Year.
On Laba Festival, people eat hot Laba porridge. There are usually eight things in the porridge: rice, red beans, peas, dried lotus seeds, dates, and three different kinds of fruits and nuts. The porridge is not just good for your health, but a blessing for the coming of Chinese New Year.
Laba porridge is not the only tasty food in Layue. Laba garlic(腊八蒜) is popular in the north. People begin to soak garlic in vinegar from that day on, and eat it with dumplings during the Chinese New Year. While in the south, people like making sausages.
Another major celebration before Spring Festival is Xiaonian. It is usually on the 23rd or 24th day of the last lunar month. Traditionally it is an important day when people offer sacrifices to the Kitchen God who looks after the family.
Don't forget to clean your home. This is also an important thing to do to prepare for the Chinese New Year. It means sweeping away the dust of the old year and welcoming a fresh start. Now, the last thing for you to do is to wait for the coming Spring Festival.
46. When is Laba festival
_______________________________________________________________________________
47. What do people often eat on Laba Festival
_______________________________________________________________________________
48. Is Laba garlic popular in the south
_______________________________________________________________________________
49. What do people do on Xiaonian
_______________________________________________________________________________
50. Why do people clean their homes before the Spring Festival
_____________________________________________________________________________
（2021年长沙市中考英语阅读题第三节）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
As an exchange student, I studied in France for two years. The first time I took a class in the chemistry lab, I was surprised to find that students were fully “armed”. Everyone was wearing goggles (护目镜)and gloves. Safety comes first for science lab class.
My chemistry teacher Mrs. Louise usually gave us the instruction paper the night before the lab class and let us read it. During the class, she first went over the steps and then put us into groups of two to do the experiments(实验). What was special was that for every lab class, Mrs. Louise changed everyone’s lab partner to make them work with different classmates.
The class was often filled with laughter and screams(尖叫). We once tried to burn the chemicals and watch the color of the flames(火焰). Different chemicals produced different colors of flames, including bright orange and dark green. Many students in my class were surprised. “Wow! That’s so beautiful!” they screamed. Then they excitedly took pictures, posted them online and sent them to their friends. Mrs. Louise didn’t get angry with us at all for our “noises”. She herself even took photos with us!
After finishing an experiment, we had to write a lab report. If we had a big mistake in the experiment, we needed to analyze(分析)why it happened and what we should do to avoid it next time. The lab reports were very important. They made up around 25% of our term grade.
41. How did the writer feel when he first took the chemistry class in the lab
__________________________________________________________
42. Why did Mrs. Louise change everyone’s lab partner in every lab class
__________________________________________________________
43. Was Mrs. Louise angry with the students for their “noises”
__________________________________________________________
44. What did the students have to do after finishing an experiment
__________________________________________________________
45. What do you think of Mrs. Louise’s lab class
__________________________________________________________
（2019年永州市中考英语题写作技能第三节）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，并将答案填在答题上对应题号的横线上.
Neijae is one of the world’s youngest barbers(理发师）. At just 7 years old, she completed training at the Junior Barber Academy.
Neijae says she didn’t think much about hair or styling before he heard of the academy, “I would braid(编成辫）my own hair and my doll’s hair,” She said,“But I wasn’t really interested in barbering course. I thought only boys could do it.”
Her mom, Graham says she tried to get Neijae’s older brother to take the barbering course. When he didn’t want to go, Naijae decided to give it a try.
Naijae was the youngest student in her class. She was also the only girl.“I was never afraid.” She says.
During the 6-week course, Neijae asked her teacher a lot of questions.“If she needed to say it in a way that she could understand, she would ask right away,”Graham says,“She’s not afraid to use her voice. She’s not afraid to ask questions.”
What was the most important thing Neijae learned from the course ”Safety first,”She says. “That’s always the first thing. Cleaning our tools, that’s the second important thing. I must protect myself and my customers.”
After Neijae finished the course, a video of hers became popular. Since then, she has has the opportunity to meet the professional barbers and famous persons.
How old was Neijae when she completed training at the academy
_______________________________________________________
Did Neijae’s brother take the barbering course
________________________________________
What wasn’t Neijae afraid to do during the 6-week course
____________________________________________________
What was the most important thing Neijae learned from the course
_____________________________________________________________
What became popular after Neijae finished the course
____________________________________________________
（2021年常德市中考英语写作技能题第二节）
阅读下面材料, 然后根据材料内容简要回答下列问题。
Betty: Good morning, Alan! You look pale, are you all right
Alan: I’m OK, but I saw an accident. A boy was riding his bike and listening to music on the road.
Daming: That's very dangerous.
Alan: I was waiting to cross the road. While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the comer. It wasn't going fast, but it didn't stop.
Lingling: Did the boy stop
Alan: No. And the driver was talking on his mobile phone.
Betty: So, did the car hit the boy
Alan: No, I’m glad to say. The car stopped just in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee.
Tony: That's too bad.
Alan: So when you're on your bike, think about the risk of an accident! Pay attention, stop at the red lights and. . . what else
Betty: Don't ride too fast.
Daming: Don't ride side by side with your friends.
Alan: Anything else
All: Don't listen to music!
56. Is Alan ill
57. When did the accident most probably happen
58. Was the car driver listening to music or talking on the mobile phone
59. How many people are talking in the conversation Who are they
60. What would you say to your friend when he (she) is on the bike
（2021年怀化市中考英语阅读技能题第二节阅读表达）
阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
A teacher once told her students to bring a bag and some potatoes to school. When they didn’t want to forgive（原谅）a person, they chose a potato and wrote the person’s name on it. Then they put it in the bag. Some of their bags became heavier and heavier.
They were told to carry their bags with them everywhere for one week. They would put them beside their beds at night, on the seats when sitting on buses, and next to their desks at school. Carrying the bags everywhere made the students very tired. They felt heavy stones in their hearts. And they had to pay attention to them all the time, so they didn’t forget them. The potatoes went bad and smelt terrible soon.
Forgiveness is a gift to other people. However, it is also a gift to us at the same time. If we keep our sadness and hatred（仇恨）in our hearts, we will have to carry them around all our lives. So we should learn to forgive.
36. Where did the students write the person’s name
_______________________________
37. How long were they told to carry their bags
_______________________________
38. What made the students very tired
_______________________________
39. Did the potatoes go bad and smell terrible soon
_______________________________
40. What can we learn from the passage
_______________________________
（2021年衡阳市中考英语阅读技能题C节阅读表达）
阅读下面的短文并根据短文内容回答所提问题。(共5小题,计10分)
With the development of science and technology, communications are becoming easier and quicker now — people can use telephones, cellphones, fax machines and the Internet. It means that we seldom write letters now. But a TV show, Letters Alive (《见字如面》, is bringing back this old habit.
Letters Alive invites famous actors and actresses, but there are no funny jokes or different competitions. Instead, only one person walks up to a microphone and reads a letter. The letters were written by people from different times in history. For example, in one episode(集)，they read a letter written by the famous writer Xiao Hong to her younger brother in 1941.The letter shows that Xiao Hong missed her brother so much and had great hopes for his future,
"Every letter opens another world for us," said Guan Zhangwen, the director of the TV show. “It seems that we can experience the real lives and feelings of the writers".Since its first episode was on. Letters Alive has been widely praised. Many audiences(观众) say that it has provided a breath of fresh air to today's TV shows.
Besides Letters Alive, some other cultural TV shows have also attracted Chinese audiences. They include the Chinese Poetry Conference, a traditional Chinese poetry competition and Readers, a program that invites people to read poems and articles they like or wrote. It suggests that cultural values and true feelings are becoming our interest.
16. Who does Letters Alive invite to read letters
17. What does Xiao Hong' s letter show according to the passage
18. Chinese audiences highly prise the TV show, Letters Alive don't they
19. Besides Letters Alive，what other cultural TV shows are mentioned in the passage
20 How do you like the cultural TV shows Why
Part 2 中考里的语篇翻译题属于写作技能题，但仍然需要考生的阅读能力，只有读懂短文，特别是划线部分的英语句子，先直译，然后用通顺的汉语串联起来才能将其翻译成合适的汉语；反过来要将划线部分的汉语句子翻译成英语就更难了。同学们在做翻译句子的时候，可不能随心所欲。看到一个句子，首先就要弄清楚这道题要考我们什么，这里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每个句子通常都会包含几个知识点或者说固定词语搭配，还要确定正确的时、语态，更要把握句型结构，避免中式英语。我们说英语很容易受到汉语思维的影响而造成失误，怎样才能避免呢？就是需要大家灵活掌握英语的句型结构，从基本的五种简单句开始。在汉译英中的句型大致包括简单句、并列句、复合句三种类型。对于简单句，我们需要弄清主语、谓语、宾语、定语等句子成分；对于并列句，需要把握好并列连词的运用；对于复合句，需要辨别状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句的不同用法。
给大家举个简单的例子：翻译“你能告诉我他几岁了吗？”这个句子是一般疑问句，还要用宾语从句。根据语法规则，宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以答案为Can you tell me how old he is ？。
以（2021年永州市中考英语题写作技能第二节）为例分析如何做题：
第二节 语篇翻译(共8分，每小题2分)阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
The role of the disabled in society
The 2022 Paralympic Winter Games will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in north China’s Hebei province.
Hosting the Paralympic Games will help draw attention to the need for countries to do more to make sure equal chances for all people in society. 71.It is necessary to realize the great achievements which are made by disabled people.
72.残疾人在中国的生活已经改善了很多，and more achievements are expected to be seen as the country has been speeding up to realize the goal of achieving “equality, participation and sharing,” as expressed in the 2019 White Paper on China’s 70 years of progress in dealing with the needs of the disabled.
73.The Chinese government is trying to solve the needs of the disabled and provide them with new chances. For example, buildings, holds, public transport and other public places are becoming more wheelchair friendly.
Modern media also play an important role in educating the public about the needs of the disabled and also changing society’s image of them, so there is greater focus on their special abilities rather than on their abilities.
In fact, the society’s most disabled people provide all of us with important lessons. They show us confidence, creativity and positivity. The loser will fail 99 times and then give up. 74.要成功，你必须有耐心，永不放弃。You must always learn from your failures, and move on.
71. ____________________________ 72. ________________________________
73.____________________________ 74. ________________________________
【分析】本篇文章的主旨就是标题The role of the disabled in society（残疾人在社会中的作用）71题：先直译：“必要的实现巨大成就由残疾人创造的。”然后用通顺的汉语串联起来才能将其翻译成合适的汉语“实现残疾人取得的巨大成就是十分必要的。”
72题：残疾人在中国的生活已经改善了很多，分析这个汉语句子：主语是“生活”谓语是“改善了”“残疾人在中国的”是定语， “很多”是状语，翻译成英语：The life of the disabled in China has improved a lot.
73题直译即可：中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机遇。
74题中的“要成功”是目的状语，翻译成To succeed, 主语是“你”谓语是“必需是耐心的和永不放弃”翻译成“you must be patient and never give up”
所以要成功，你必须有耐心，永不放弃。 翻译成To succeed,you must be patient and never give up.
考场练兵
（2020年永州市中考英语题写作技能第二节）
语篇翻译阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上.
Dear Mr. Friend,
My name is Simon, and I am in Grade Nine. 1.我非常喜欢足球。 I love watching football, reading about football, and, of course, playing football. However, my love of football has become the cause of my problem.
I always play football with my friends after school. We often play for hours and sometimes we even forget when we should stop. 2. If there is a football match, we will sit watching it. Now I get into trouble because my parents do not allow me to play outside after 6 p.m. Watching football match is also impossible, do not understand why they are so strict with me. 3.我有时候感觉很生气。 I believe it is important to develop our hobbies. They help us relax and make our lives more interesting.
Is it bad to stay out late to play football Should I spend less time on it 4. I wonder how I can deal with my trouble. I look forward to your valuable advice.
Best wishes!
Simon Luo
51. _________________________________________
52. _________________________________________
53. _________________________________________
54. _________________________________________
（2021年邵阳市中考英语题写作技能C节）英汉互译 阅读下面短文, 将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语. ( 共 5 小题, 每小题 2 分 )
Colourful fruits and vegetables are good for your health. 71 Their natural colors help protect your body from illness. Think about the colors of the food such as the red of the tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of kiwi fruit and the purple of grapes.
You can enjoy eating fruits and vegetables of many colors, They are red, yellow, green, orange, blue and purple. 72 .每种颜色都有一些特殊意义 They work together to protect your body.
73. Scientists have discovered the secrets of colourful fruits and vegetables. The list below shows their different benefits.
Yellow and orange can make your immune (免疫的) system strong. 74. 他们对你的健康也是有益的 been is also helpful to protect your eyes. Besides, it is good for your bones and teeth.
75. Blue and purple can help you have a good memory. They also can fight heart illness. When you buy or eat fruits and vegetables next time, you can try more colourful ones.
（2021年长沙市中考英语题语言运用第三节）阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk(民间的)dance. The performers(表演者)dance to music with handkerchiefs(手帕)or fans in their hands. 66. It’s a very popular festival activity in north China.
Yangge may have different forms from place to place, but all of them express happiness. 67. 很多人非常喜欢秧歌。 Most dancers are young men and young women. Some are even old ladies. Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. 68. They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival, the yangge teams pay New Year’s calls from house to house.
69. They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets. Some young men often play the drums, and the performers wave red silk bands(挥舞红绸带). People set off firecrackers(鞭炮)to welcome the dancers. 70. 他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。 The sounds of songs, drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares, and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.
（2021年怀化市中考英语题写作技能第三节）
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
1. 你喜欢阅读吗？It can open many doors and lead you into a road to success.
2. Everyone should have a good reading habit. This is because it is an important way to get information.
3. 阅读对我们来说很重要。How can you improve your reading There is a good way. For example, when you learn how to ride a bike, you have to get on the bike as many times as possible. It is the same as reading. 4. If you want to improve your reading, try to read more books. If you go out, take a magazine, a book or something else to read. When you are reading, try to understand what message the writer is giving to you.
5. Good books are friends. They can bring us much happiness.
56. _______________________________
57. _______________________________
58. _______________________________
59. _______________________________
60. _______________________________
（2021年常德市中考英语写作技能题第一节）
阅读短文, 将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。
Friday is here and most of us enjoy what the weekend brings. 51. Maybe you will spend some time on your hobby. 52. 没有爱好就没有真正的快乐。Hobbies help our happiness. They give us purpose, meaning, a creative outlet, and they can even relieve stress.
One of my blog entries, from May of 2016, tells us how hobbies can help us identify some of our passions and that in turn can give us interesting content to include in a life story or memoir.
53. Certainly things like playing cards or other games, especially at family gatherings can lead to some good memory. Or what about a day on the lake or the golf course
54. You can get geography and history lessons from collecting stamps or coins from around the world.
One of the things I enjoy is playing guitar. It's a hobby-I am not nearly good enough for pubic performances. 5. 但是我喜欢边弹吉他边唱歌, 以此来放松自己 Get me around a few fiends, family members or even a classroom full of students and I might break into a song. I was doing that today with my 5th graders.
If you want to start a new hobby or even search for new ideas, then check out A Full Guide On How To Start A New Hobby. It's posted on the website. Some of the takeaways for me from the article included how hobbies an introduce us to new people, widen or knowledge and skills, and improve our confidence and self-esteem. Win, win and win.
参考答案：阅读回答：
（2020年永州市中考英语题写作技能第一节）
46. On the 8th day of Layue. 47. Hot Laba porridge. 48. No, it isn't.
49. People offer sacrifices to the Kitchen God (who looks after the family).
50. Because it means sweeping away the dust of the old year and welcoming a fresh start.
（2021年长沙市中考英语阅读题第三节）
41. Surprised. 42. To make her students work with different classmates.
43. No. 44. They had to write a lab report. 45. Exciting.
（2019年永州市中考英语题写作技能第三节）
Just 7 years old./7. 42. No, he didn’t.
43. She wasn’t afraid to use her voice or to ask questions./To use her voice./To ask questions.
44. The most important thing was safety first.
45. A video of hers.
（2021年常德市中考英语写作技能题第二节）
56. No, he isn’t.
57. In the morning.
58. He is talking on the mobile phone.
59. Four. They are Betty, Alan, Daming and Tony.
60. Don't ride too fast. / Don't listen to music! / Don't ride too fast.
（2021年怀化市中考英语阅读技能题第二节阅读表达）
36. On the potato. 37. For a week. 38. Carrying the bags everywhere.
39. Yes, they did. 40. We should learn to forgive.
（2021年衡阳市中考英语阅读技能题C节阅读表达）
Famous actors and actresses.
Xiao Hong missed her brother so much and had great hopes for his future.
Yes, they do.
19.Chines Poetry Conference and Readers.
20.I think they are really useful for students. Because students can learn a lot from these cultural TV shows.
语篇翻译：
（2020年永州市中考英语题写作技能第二节）
51. I am crazy about football. 52. 如果有足球比赛，我们就坐下来看。
53. I feel angry sometimes. 54. 我想知道如何处理我的麻烦。
（2021年邵阳市中考英语题写作技能C节）
71. 它们的自然颜色有助于保护你的身体免受疾病的影响。
72. Each color has some special meaning.
73. 科学家发现了五颜六色的水果和蔬菜的秘密。
74. They are also good for your health.
75. 蓝色和紫色可以帮助你有一个良好的记忆力。
（2021年长沙市中考英语题语言运用第三节）
66. 在中国北方，秧歌是很受欢迎的节日活动。
67. Many people love yangge very much.
68. 他们甚至在中国新年前一个月就开始准备秧歌。
69. 他们在街上扭秧歌，祝福人们新年快乐。
70. They invite the performers to taste their home-made food.
（2021年怀化市中考英语题写作技能第三节）
56. Do you like reading
57. 每个人都应该有一个好的阅读习惯。
58. Reading is very important for us.
59. 如果你想提高你的阅读，试着读更多的书。 60. 好书是朋友。
（2021年常德市中考英语写作技能题第一节）
51. 也许你会花一些时间在你的爱好上。
52. There is no real happiness without hobbies.
53. 当然，像打牌或其他游戏，特别是在家庭聚会上，可以导致一些良好的记忆力。
54. 你可以从世界各地收集邮票或硬币中获得地理和历史课程。
55. But I like to relax myself by playing the guitar and singing.