人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration单元素养检测课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
英语 必修
第三册 RJ
Unit 4
Space Exploration
单元素养检测
02
模块
导航
01
阅读
03
语言运用
写作
第一部分 阅读
第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
[山西大同2020高一期中]It was the 50th anniversary (周年) of the moon landing last year. Astronomy lovers were not the only ones that were excited about it; publishers (出版商) also offered a number of books to mark the event.
Shoot for the Moon
James Donovan
Little, Brown and Company, $30
This retelling of the space race begins with the Soviet Union's Sputnik satellite in 1957 to the historic Apollo 11 program twelve years later. The book offers details about the characters of the spacemen, engineers and others who made the U.S. space program a success.
One Giant Leap
Charles Fishman
Simon & Schuster, $29.99
Getting to the moon required a million hours of work, this book says. Accordingly, the story centers on the engineers, project managers and others who worked long and hard to get the Apollo program off the ground.
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Picturing Apollo 11
J. L. Pickering and John Bisney
The University Press of Florida, $45
Packed with hundreds of photos (some are published for the first time), this book reads like a photo book of the Apollo 11 program. The photos are moments of spacemen training, as well as the excitement of lift off, the historic landing and the return of the three men.
Apollo's Legacy
Roger D. Launius
Smithsonian Books, $27.95
A space historian examines the Apollo program in different ways: as a political (政治的) machine in the Cold War and an important cultural moment. The book explores different views on the U. S. moonshot project from scientists, politicians, the media and the public during the space race and beyond.
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【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本关于登陆月球的书籍。
1．A　细节理解题。根据Shoot for the Moon部分中的This retelling of the space race begins with the Soviet Union's Sputnik satellite in 1957 to the historic Apollo 11 program twelve years later.可知，Shoot for the Moon主要讲的是关于太空竞赛的历史。故选A项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据Picturing Apollo 11部分中的Packed with hundreds of photos (some are published for the first time), this book reads like a photo book of the Apollo 11 program.可知，J.L.皮克林和约翰·比斯尼的书通过图片展示阿波罗11号计划。故选C项。
3．D　细节理解题。根据Apollo's Legacy部分中的A space historian examines the Apollo program in different ways可知，Apollo's Legacy从不同的角度解释阿波罗11号计划。故选D项。
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B
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4．What do we know about Gracie
A．She cared little about success. B．She showed great determination.
C．She lacked confidence in herself. D．She set a good example of teamwork.
5．Why did Missy feel so painful at the time
A．Gracie was going to lose the race. B．She was deeply hurt by the audience.
C．She was not allowed to help Gracie. D．Gracie was unwilling to accept her help.
6．What does Kyle think of his daughter's act
A．It is praiseworthy. B．It is abnormal. C．It is unworthy. D．It is unexpected.
7．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Events like Gracie's are on the rise. B．More medical care providers are needed.
C．A change has been made to race rules. D．Liana's disqualification will be reviewed.
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【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在明尼苏达州高中联盟组织的资格赛中，格雷西因身体不适在赛跑时不断跌倒，而她的争对手利安娜却不怕被取消参赛资格，无私地帮助了她。尽管两人都因此被取消了资格，但正因为发生了格雷西和利安娜这样的事件，赛事方修改了相关规定。
4．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中格雷西给自己打气的话I have to keep fighting for it以及她的表现She pulled herself up and then fell again.可知，格雷西表现出了极大的决心，坚决想抵达终点。故选B项。
5．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中Missy wanted to run to her daughter, but she said “I was told, ‘You can't go into the field，' and ‘You can't touch her.'”及下文对比赛规则的解释可知，米西眼看着女儿接连摔倒却不能上前帮助她(否则会使格雷西失去资格)，这是让她痛苦的原因。故选C项。
6．A　推理判断题。根据第六段中Kyle Blomgren, Liana's dad and coach, believes his daughter did what others should have.可知，凯尔认为女儿做了其他人本应该做的，由此可推知，他对女儿没有袖手旁观这一行为是表示赞许的。故选A项。
7．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Due in part to previous incidents like Gracie's, the national organisation overseeing the meet recently ruled that a runner who stops to assist a competitor will not be disqualified, so long as a medical care provider is not available.可知，正因为发生了格雷西和利安娜这样的事件，使得赛事方修改了比赛规则。故选C项。
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C
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【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对纸张浪费带来的乱砍滥伐和气候变暖等问题，提出了纸张回收的建议，并呼吁全社会共同行动，完善回收体系。
8．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的A large amount of waste paper ends up in landfills, where it can produce harmful gases and finally contribute to global climate change.可知，纸张浪费会导致全球气候变化，由此可推知，回收纸张有助于缓解这种现象。故选B项。
9．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn't the dark- coloured stuff many of us are familiar with.It now can offer the same print performance as non- recycled paper.可知，印刷性能的改进使再生纸的性能和非再生纸一样，因此更容易被接受。故选D项。
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【解析】
10．C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Effective recycling requires a continuous effort from everyone at all levels of society… more effective recycling systems can be developed.和最后一段中的Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industry to do the same.可知，作者认为高效的纸张回收需要政府、企业和每个人的共同努力，并且要完善更加有效的回收体系，故选C项。
11．C　推理判断题。通读全文，第一段中A large amount of waste paper ends up in landfills, where it can produce harmful gases and finally contribute to global climate change.提出纸张浪费带来的问题，第二段One simple solution can greatly reduce the influence of both of these problems: paper recycling. Instead of cutting down trees, recycle existing paper to feed the paper making process.提出解决方案，后面的内容对此进行分析并最终提出回收纸张的建议，由此可推知，本文主要是通过讨论问题并提出解决方法展开的，故选C项。
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D
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12．What can we learn about K2- 18b
A．It is a planet closest to the sun. B．It hosts certain forms of life because of thick gas.
C．It is covered with thin atmosphere. D．It's a planet moving around a red dwarf star.
13．What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Destroyed.　　　　　B．Declared. C．Detected.　　　　　D．Delivered.
14．What allows scientists to detect clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere
A．The expansion in the research. B．The goal of knowing the real planet.
C．The data by the Hubble Space Telescope. D．NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
15．What can be the best title for the text
A．Humans Have Landed on K2- 18b B．NASA Helps Explore an Exoplanet
C．A New Finding About a Planet Like the Earth D．Scientists' Determination of Researching Outer Space
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【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于系外行星K2- 18b的新发现。K2 -18b这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待进一步证实。
12．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的orbiting a red dwarf star可知，K2- 18b是围绕着红矮星运动的行星。
13．A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，如果没有一个真实的表面，在K2 -18b上着陆几乎是不可能的，因为K2 -18b上的气体非常厚，压强非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飞船发射到那里都会被毁灭。因此，画线词是“毁灭”的意思，destroy意为“毁掉”，故选A项。
14．C　细节理解题。由题干定位至最后一段的第二句，其中的It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望远镜，即哈勃太空望远镜能探测到行星大气层中水的清晰特征。
15．C　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一颗系外行星K2- 18b，这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待证实。
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第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
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【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，提出了几条能帮助你克服和别人说外语时的恐惧的建议。
16．G　空后提到“因为它将帮助我们获得自信”，为了承接下文，G项“克服这种说一门新外语的恐惧极其重要”符合语境。该项中的extremely important与空后的gain confidence in ourselves构成因果关系。故选G项。
17．F　上文提到“如果你犯了错误，不要难过或感到失望；这是提高口语能力的一部分”，F项“一旦你犯了错误，改正它，然后继续前进”承接上文，符合语境。该项中的correct it and carry on与上文中的Don't be sad or feel disappointed相呼应。故选F项。
18．A　分析文章结构可知，此处应该填小标题，跟其他小标题句型结构一致，为祈使句，故在A项和B项之间选择。根据该小标题下面一段的第一句可知，该段讲的是“要寻求帮助”。故选A项。
19．E　上文提到“非母语人士的问题之一就是太害羞而不敢开口”，E项“这对很多人来说这可能是最大的问题”承接上文，符合语境。该项中的This指代上文中的being too shy to speak。选项中的a lot of people与下文的most people相呼应。
20．C　上文提到“你学一门外语肯定是有原因的，所以只管好好学吧！尽情享受、尽管去犯错，甚至去创造新词！”C项“这些都是学外语的必经过程”承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
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第二部分 语言运用
第一节　 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
[河北唐山第一中学2021高一期中]阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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21．A.disturb B．employ C．affect D．describe
22．A.communicating B．singing C．arguing D．explaining
23．A.require B．warn C．force D．encourage
24．A.make for B．put off C．figure out D．escape from
25．A.workers B．nurses C．doctors D．patients
26．A.job B．inspiration C．gesture D．favour
27．A.business B．connection C．difference D．trouble
28．A.lonely B．upset C．ill D．poor
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29．A.letter B．message C．note D．warning
30．A.window B．entrance C．wall D．door
31．A.impolite B．necessary C．familiar D．precious
32．A.record B．return C．recover D．remember
33．A.puzzled B．worried C．thrilled D．annoyed
34．A.knocked B．installed C．placed D．drew
35．A.came down B．broke down C．showed up D．turned around
【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位建筑工人和一位89岁不能离开病房的老人通过特殊的方法联系，相互关心的故事。
21．C　根据上文You never know how far a kind act can go.可知，你永远不知道一个善举能有多大的作用，故这里应该是不知道一个善举会影响谁，故选C项。
22．A　句意为：当格洛丽亚·波特和杰夫·赖克开始交流时，他们不知道这会在多大程度上鼓励其他人对别人充满善意。根据下文可知，这两个人进行联系交流，故选A项。
23．D　根据语境可知，此处表示“鼓励其他人对别人充满善意”，故选D项。
24．D　句意为：因此，为了摆脱无聊，她常常会盯着窗外，看着建筑工人修建医院的新正门。根据上文讲述她不能离开病房可知，这里是指她为了摆脱无聊，故选D项。
25．A　根据上文讲述她看建筑工人修建医院的新正门可知，这里应该是工人向她招手，故选A项。
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26．C　句意为：她情不自禁地对这个友好的姿势也挥了挥手。根据wave to her可知，这里指挥手的姿势，故选C项。
27．B　句意为：这只是两人之间特殊联系的开始。上文提到一个建筑工人向她挥手，然后她也挥手，这应是两人之间联系的开始，故选B项。
28．C　句意为：杰夫·赖克知道波特病了，所以他决定找些粉笔，在对着她窗户的一根梁上写下“康复”，以此向她传达一个善意的信息。根据下文的“Get Well”可知，这里是指赖克知道波特生病，故选C项。
29.B　下文讲述赖克找粉笔，在梁上写“康复”，他向波特传递的是善意的信息，故选B项。
30．A　上文讲述为了摆脱无聊，波特常常会盯着窗外，由此可知，梁对着她的窗户，故选A项。
31．D　根据语境可知，对于生病的波特来说，赖克的善举感动了她，所以她认为赖克的善举是珍贵的。故选D项。
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32．B　上文讲述杰夫·赖克知道波特病了，所以他决定找些粉笔，在对着她窗户的一根梁上写下“康复”；根据下文She wrote “Stay Safe” on a piece of paper可知，这里指给予回报，故选B项。
33．B　根据上文波特看到建筑工人在离地面很高的地方工作以及下文She wrote “Stay Safe” on a piece of paper可知，这里是指她越来越担心，故选B项。
34．C　根据下文赖克让工人们看纸上的字可知，这里应是指她将这张纸放置在窗户上，故选C项。
35．D　句意为：赖克说：“当我在一张纸上看到‘注意安全’(这几个字)时，我转过身对我的同事们说，‘你们看到了吗？’”come down意为“下降”；break down意为“出故障”；show up意为“显露”；turn around 意为“转身”。根据常识可知，此处应该是赖克转过身对着他的同事说话，D项符合语境。
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第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
[湖南郴州2021高一期末]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
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36．________　37.________　38.________　39.________　40.________
41．________　42.________　43.________　44.________　45.________
【解析】
【语篇导读】本文是一封书信。作者叙述了在与青春期的儿子相处时遇到的问题，为此她写信向编辑征求建议。
36．for　句意为：我写信是想就我和我十几岁的儿子的关系征求建议。ask for sth为固定搭配，意为“要求/征求某物”，for为介词，ask for advice意为“征求建议”。故填for。
37．to get　句意为：说实话，我经常很难和他相处。固定搭配struggle to do sth意为“挣扎着做某事；尽力做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语。故填to get。
38．quarrel(l)ed　句意为：几天前，我们两人吵架了。时间状语A few days ago表示“几天前”，谓语动词应用一般过去时，故填quarrel(l)ed。
39．less　句意为：这几天他总是生气，似乎更没有自信了。根据He is always angry these days可知，这里含有比较意义，设空处应填little的比较级，即“更少的”。故填less。
40．him　句意为：我一直告诉他这些变化是正常的，一切都会好起来的。动词tell后面用代词宾格him作宾
语。故填him。
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41．a　句意为：当然，我想表达我对他(脸部)状况的关心，所以我让他去看医生。此处是指“去找一名医生看病”，表示“泛指”，应用不定冠词。doctor的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
42．argument　句意为：但后来他生气了，我们大吵了一架。空前big是形容词，修饰名词，所给词argue是动词，其名词是argument，再根据前面的a可知，这里用单数名词。故填argument。
43．talking　句意为：他说我一直在谈论他的粉刺让他压力更大了。by doing sth意为“通过做某事”，by为介词，后面应用动名词作宾语。故填talking。
44．which　句意为：他终于平静下来，这花了一些时间。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，关系代词在从句中作主语。故填which。
45．really　句意为：整个经历真的很糟糕，我不想再经历同样的事情。此处terrible是形容词，由副词修饰。故填really。
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第三部分 写作
第一节　(满分15分)
假定你是李华，最近某英文报社就“城市生活的利和弊”面向社会进行征稿，请你给报社编辑写一封信，谈谈自己的想法。要点如下：
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________
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优　点 缺　点
交通便利 有休闲场所 …… 生活消费高
人口多、拥挤
……
【解析】
【写作提示】
1．写作要点：(1)表明写信原因；(2)谈谈城市生活的利与弊；(3)表明自己的看法。
2．提分词句：in favour of, What's more, Personally speaking, make great efforts, it作形式主语， where引导定语从句等。
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
I'm writing to you to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
Some people are in favour of living in the city. In their view, there are always many choices of public transport. Besides, they can go to the cinemas and parks whenever they want to relax.
Others, however, are against the ideas, firmly believing the living cost in the city is much higher. What's more, the city is crowded and noisy. It is very difficult to find a place where people can enjoy peace.
Personally speaking, with the development of economy, living in the city is a must for people. We must make great efforts to reduce pollution and make the city more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
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第二节　(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要
With more cellphone companies designing models for children, many parents are attracted to buy their kids phones, and pay the bill. According to a 2012 study, 56% of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cellphone. According to a recent YouthBeat survey, 12 is a magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cellphone. But 13% of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. That's more than one out of every 10 kids.
Cellphone supporters, including many parents, note that cellphones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families, whether to ask for a ride home from football practice or to call for help when stuck in an emergency (紧急情况). Besides, some cellphones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the cellphone to be only used in parent-permitting ways. What's the harm in that
单元素养检测
However, other people are worried about the effects of cellphones on kids' health and safety. They believe that sending text messages or answering phone calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to stay focused, thus resulting in their poor schoolwork. They also say that kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other. “Our brains evolved (进化) to communicate face to face,” says Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, in California. “A lot of this is lost with texting.”
And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks. They worry that radiation (辐射) released by cellphones could be harmful to young people. To be safe, they suggest limiting the time spent on cellphones.
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【解析】
写作提示】
1．写作要点：
(1)根据文章第一段第一句可知，第一段提出了本文要讨论的社会现象：现在很多父母都给孩子买手机。
(2)根据文章第二段可知，本段主要讲述的是支持学生用手机的人的观点。
(3)根据文章第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是反对学生用手机的人的观点。
(4)根据文章第四段可知，本段主要讲述了专家给出的建议。
本文是“总—分”结构，要点1提出要讨论的现象，要点2给出支持者的观点，要点3给出反对者的观点，要点4给出专家的建议。
2．提分词句：tend to, with security settings, especially in an emergency，being attached to phones, worried about等。
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【参考范文】
Many parents tend to buy cellphones for their kids. (要点1) Supporters think cellphones, with security settings, are a good tool for kids to contact others, especially in an emergency. (要点2) However, others argue being attached to cellphones may harm both kids' schoolwork and their real communication skills. (要点3) Therefore, worried about potential health risks, some experts advise young people to reduce their time on the cellphone. (要点4)
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