(共45张PPT)
第二篇 攻专题 · 能力提升
一 语法专题突破
专题六 介 词
栏目导航
透析中考
四川中考真题精练
考点1
考点2
考点3
考点4
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透 析 中 考
考点1 时间介词
知识精讲
介词 用法 举例
in 用在世纪、年代、季节、月份及泛指的上午、下午等的前面;其后接时间段,表示“多久以后”,与将来时连用 in 2019在2019年
in the morning在早上
in a week一周之后
on 用在具体某一天、星期或者具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上的前面 on Saturday在周六
on June 1, 2019在2019年6月1日
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介词 用法 举例
at 用在具体的时间点的前面 at 8:30在八点半
after 其后接时间点,与将来时连用时,表示“在……之后”;其后接时间段,与过去时连用时,表示“……之后” I will go to the park after 10.我将在10点后去公园。
I heard from him after a week.一周后我收到了他的信。
since 其后接时间点或接“时间段+ago”,表示“从……以来”,主句常用完成时 I haven't met her since two months ago.从两个月前我就没再见过她。
for 其后接时间段,表示动作的延续,主句常用完成时或一般过去时 I have learned French for three years.我学习法语已经三年了。
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(1)in、into、at、on、above、over、below与under
考点2 方位介词
知识精讲
介词 用法 举例
in 表示在某个大地方或在某个范围之内;表示某地属于另一个地方 in Beijing在北京
Mianyang is in Sichuan.绵阳在四川。
into 表示进入到……里面 Come into the room.进入房间。
at 表示在某个小地方或在……旁边/附近 at the bus stop在公交车站
at the door在门边
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介词 用法 举例
on 表示在……的上面,二者有点或面的接触;表示某地与另一地接壤 on the table在桌子上
Chongqing is on the east of Sichuan.重庆在四川的东面。
above 在……上方,不强调是正上方,两者间不接触 The light is above the desk.灯在桌子上方。
over 在……正上方 There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
below 在……下方,是above的反义词 There is a little house below the bridge.桥的下方有一座小房子。
under 在……下面,是over的反义词 The pen is under the chair.钢笔在椅子下面。
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(2)between与among
(3)across、over与through
介词 用法
between 在……中间,表示在两者之间
among 在……中间,表示在三者或三者以上的人或物的中间
介词 用法
across 横穿,穿过,表示从物体表面的一边到另一边
over 越过,表示从物体的上空经过,没有接触
through 穿过,表示从物体空间的内部穿过
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考点3 其他介词
知识精讲
介词 用法 例子
by by doing Tom studies English by watching English movies.汤姆通过看英语电影学英语。
交通工具 I go to school by bike.我骑自行车上学。
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介词 用法 例子
with 后接工具或身体部位 We eat with our mouths.我们用嘴吃饭。
表示“和……一起” Every day,I go for walks with my father.每天我都和爸爸一起散步。
表示“带有” There is a house with a garden.这里有一所带花园的房子。
in in+语言 What's this in English?这个用英语怎么说?
in+颜色 The girl is in red.这个女孩穿着红色衣服。
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介词 用法 例子
on on+电器或媒介 on TV/the Internet/radio在电视/网络/收音机上
except 强调除去的部分 Everyone is here except Tom.除了汤姆,大家都在这儿。
besides 强调还有的部分 Besides Tom, Lucy went to the cinema.除了汤姆,露西也去看电影了。
but 与except意义相近,但它使用范围较小,常用在不定代词之后 Nobody likes the game but me.除了我,没人喜欢这个游戏。
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介词 用法 例子
without 没有 Without your help, I can't finish it.没有你的帮助,我不可能完成它。
against 与……对抗/竞争 Which team did they play against this time?这次他们和哪个队比赛?
for 对……来说 It's easy for him to repair this bike.修这辆自行车对他来说很容易。
towards 向;朝(表示方向) She ran towards him happily.她高兴地跑向他。
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1.考生在解答有关介词的题时,首先要明确介词在句中所要搭配的信息所表示的类别,是时间名词、地点名词还是交通工具类名词;然后根据句意判断应用哪个介词。
【例题】(2019·江苏南京)Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published ________ 1953.
A.on B.in
C.at D.for
【答案】B
【解析】空格后面是年份,只能用时间介词in。
方法指导
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【跟进训练1】(2018·江苏宿迁)The Dragon Boat Festival falls ____ May or June every year.
A.in B.on
C.at D.between
A
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2.根据固定搭配、结构、句型等的方法确定答案。
【例题】(2019·贵州黔东南州)It's very important ________ us to make a plan before the new term begins.
A.of B.with
C.by D.for
【答案】D
【解析】important是形容事物性质的形容词,所以该句型应该是:It's+形容词+for sb.to do sth.。根据固定句型可知用介词for。
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【跟进训练2】(2019·江苏淮安)_______ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A.At B.In
C.On D.With
D
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考点4 介词的固定搭配及介词短语
知识精讲
类型 例子
介
词
+
名
词 after school 放学后 at home/school 在家里/学校
at work 在工作 at noon/night在中午/晚上
at the moment 在此刻 at the same time同时
at the weekend在周末 at times 有时/偶尔
at breakfast 早餐时 at the table 在桌子旁
after a while 过了一会儿 by the way 顺便说
by the window 靠窗边 by turns 轮流
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类型 例子
介
词
+
名
词 by hand 手工(制造) by mistake 错误地
in the open air 在户外 at a time每次
in a word总而言之 in no time 很快/立刻
in a low voice小声地 in the past 在过去
in danger 处于危险中 in time 及时
in the distance 在远处 in the future 在将来
in trouble 处于困境中 in one's opinion在某人看来
in fact 事实上 on fire 着火
on the way 在路上 on the other hand 另一方面
on show/display展览/陈列 on holiday 在度假
on time 准时 on the left/right 在左边/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
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类型 例子
be
+
形
容
词
+
介
词 be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
be afraid of 害怕……
be angry with 生(某人的)气
be bad for 对……有害
be good at 擅长…… be filled with充满……
be different from 与……不同
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be famous for 因……而出名
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类型 例子
be
+
形
容
词
+
介
词 be late for……迟到 be friendly to对……友好
be far from 离……很远 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be sure of 确信 be pleased with对……感到满意
be used to习惯于…… be popular with受……欢迎
be similar to同……相似 be proud of为……感到骄傲
be ready for为……做好准备
be short for 是……的简称
be successful in 在某方面取得成功
be tired of 对……感到厌倦
be weak in 在……(方面)薄弱
be worried about 为……担心
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类型 例子
动
词
+
介
词 agree with 同意(某人的意见)
arrive in/at到达
begin with以…… 开始 believe in 信任
belong to 属于
come from来自 come into 走进
call at 顺便来访 call on (sb.) 拜访(某人)
change into变成 check into登记入住
cover...with...用……覆盖……
die of/from死于……
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类型 例子
动
词
+
介
词 deal/do with 处置/对付 drop off 落下
depend on 依靠 fill in 填写
fall behind 落后于/输给别人
hear from 收到(某人的)来信
hear of/about听说
help...with...帮助……做……
knock at/on 敲(门、窗等) knock into撞到
laugh at 嘲笑 leave for...出发去……
learn from向……学习 live on 以……为食
look into 调查 look through 浏览
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类型 例子
动
词
+
介
词 move to 搬到 pay for付钱买……
play with 和……一起玩耍 point at 指着
point to 指向 run across 碰到/遇到
send for 派人去叫 shout at对……叫嚷
stop...from doing...阻止……做……
work on 从事 talk about谈论
talk to/with与……谈话 think about 考虑
think of想出 wait for等候
turn...into...把……变成……
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类型 例子
介词+名词+介词 at the foot of 在……底部 on the top of 在……顶端
on the edge of 在……的边上
in the middle of 在……中间
in the front of 在……前部 in the east of在……东部
by means of 借助
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the end of 在……结束时 at the age of 在……岁时
in front of 在……(外部)的前面
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类型 例子
其
他 at first 开始 a lot of/lots of 许多;大量
plenty of 许多 along with 与……一起
compared to 和……相比较 face to face 面对面
do well in 在……做得好 say hello to向……问好
give lessons to 给……教训
have nothing to do with 与……无关
do harm to对……造成伤害
have a look at...看一看……
help yourself to...随便吃/喝……
give one's life to 献身于
on one's own 独自 pay attention to 集中注意力于
in spite of 尽管……
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考生在做介词短语的试题时,首先要判断介词短语的搭配是否正确;然后辨析不同介词短语的含义;最后再结合语境确定答案。
【例题】(2020·浙江宁波改编)I saw some truly awful things in the hospital,but none of them changed my mind about being a doctor.________ fact,they only made me more determined to study medicine!
方法指导
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【答案】In
【解析】句意:在医院我看到了很多很糟糕的事情,但是它们之中没有一件事改变我成为一名医生的决心。________,它们更加坚定了我学医的决心。根据前后语境可知,此处表示“事实上”,用固定短语in fact。
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【跟进训练3】(2019·浙江温州)The instructions tell us everything _______ about how to make the model ship.
A.by hand B.by chance
C.in detail D.in person
C
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1.(2018·广安)The restaurant is open every day _________ (除了) Monday.
2.(2020·宜宾)W_______ your help, the program couldn't have been so successful.
3.(2020·绵阳改编)Brothers and sisters_______ different parts of the country have rushed for my rescue(救援).
四川中考真题精练
except
ithout
from
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4.(2020·自贡)Tom has many hobbies, i________ hiking and running.
5.(2020·眉山)The teacher advised the couple to talk with their son i___ person.
6.(2020·凉山州)The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held ____ June 9th last year.Many people watched it ________ TV.
A.in;on B.in;in
C.on;on D.on;in
ncluding
n
C
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7.(2020·广元)The accident happened ______ a cold morning,but luckily, no one was injured.
A.at B.on
C.in
8.(2019·乐山)—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color
—I'm afraid not.It only comes ______ red.
A.of B.in
C.for
B
B
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9.(2019·自贡)If the singer ____ to Zigong ________ September 20th, please call me.
A.will get;on B.gets;on
C.gets;in
10.(2019·广元)—What time do you usually get up
—____ 7:00.
A.At B.In
C.On
B
A
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11.(2019·内江)—When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon
—____ July 20th, 1969.
A.In B.At
C.For D.On
12.(2018·达州)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy
—I prefer a cup of tea ____ nothing in it.
A.with B.for
C.to D.without
D
A
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13.(2018·凉山州)Our classes are over_______ noon and then we go to have a rest________1:00 in the afternoon.
A.at;at B.in;in
C.in;at D.at;in
A
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一、词汇运用。
1.(2019·浙江金华改编)When you open the door, it will hide _________(在……后面).
2.(2019·贵州安顺改编)Wherever they are, people can also find a “stranger” to talk to _____ shaking the phone.
3.(2019·浙江金华改编)Since 1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees _____ the north.
2021年迎考特训
behind
by
in
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4.(2019·山东青岛)There is a big park _________(在旁边) the supermarket.I prefer to take a walk there.
5.(2019·浙江嘉兴改编)However, they were very nice and thanked her ______ saving the ball.
6.(2019·山东济宁改编)He is famous ______ the Chinese Language Laser typesetting(激光照排系统).
7.(2019·山东日照)Man can't live w________ water.
8.(2019·江苏苏州)—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace
—Yes.I have visited it many times ________ 2009.
beside
for
for
ithout
since
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9.(2020·湖南常德)I am very busy_____Friday.
10.(2020·浙江台州改编)The museum is open daily_________ (除……之外) Mondays.
11.(2020·浙江金华改编)“Grandpa, someone is waiting______you to play chess.” I went to him and said.
12.(2020·浙江绍兴改编)I travel__________(在……之间) Shaoxing and Hangzhou twice a week.
on
except
for
between
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二、单项选择。
1.(2018·安徽)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ____ Class Three.
A.of B.in
C.against D.from
2.(2019·山东青岛)The high-speed train ____ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.
A.from B.among
C.in D.between
C
D
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3.(2019·青海)The bright sunlight comes into the room ____ the window.
A.through B.across
C.past
4.(2018·北京)Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift ____ you.
A.for B.in
C.with D.from
A
A
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5.(2020·北京)Usually I make breakfast for my family _______ Saturdays.
A.at B.in
C.on D.to
6.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨)At the same time, you can help your parents _______ housework to express your thanks to them.
A.for B.with
C.to
C
B
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7.(2019·江苏淮安)____ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A.At B.In
C.On D.With
8.(2019·山东滨州)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn't watch TV too much.It's bad ____ your eyes.
A.on B.in
C.for D.with
D
C
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9.(2019·江苏泰州)Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!And if you need any help, please call me ____ 010-5558 6390.
A.at B.on
C.with D.by
10.(2019·湖南长沙)Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ____ environmental protection,and we learned something about recycling of waste.
A.on B.at
C.to
A
A
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11.(2019·湖南郴州改编) We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony ____ June 21st.
A.in B.at
C.on
12.(2018·福建A卷)I will give a T-shirt ______ my brother as a birthday present.
A.by B.to
C.from
C
B
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13.(2019·福建)—Is that your headmaster
—You mean the man ____ blue
A.on B.with
C.in
14.(2018·江苏连云港)—Bill, did you see Tom
—Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried ____ the street.
A.through B.over
C.past D.across
C
D
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15.(2019·湖北咸宁)—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.
—That's great! And we will read books there ____ a month.
A.before B.in
C.by D.until
B