2021-2022四川中考英语复习课件 第2篇专题11非谓语动词(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
一　语法专题突破
专题十一　非谓语动词
栏目导航
透析中考
四川中考真题精练
考点1
考点2
考点3
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不定式的句法功能及常用结构
1．不定式的句法功能
透 析 中 考
考点1　动词不定式
知识精讲
功能 例句
主语 To read English every morning is necessary.＝It is necessary to read English every morning.每天早上读英语是有必要的。
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功能 例句
宾语 She wants to be a nurse in the future.她将来想当一名护士。
宾语补足语 Mother told me to buy some eggs.妈妈让我去买些鸡蛋。
表语 My dream is to travel around the world.我的梦想是环游世界。
定语 I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。
状语 He got up at five o'clock to catch the early bus.他五点起床以便赶上早班车。(表目的)
She is old enough to go to school.她已到上学的年龄了。(表结果)
I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。(表原因)
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2．不定式的常用结构
结构 例句
too... to do
太……而不能做…… The box is too heavy for him to lift.＝The box is so heavy that he can't lift it.这个箱子太沉了，他抬不起来。
形容词/副词＋enough to do
足够……去做…… He is rich enough to buy a car.他很富有，可以买辆小汽车。
Tom runs fast enough to catch up with Li Lei.＝Tom runs so fast that he can catch up with Li Lei.汤姆跑得够快，能赶上李雷。
特殊疑问词＋to do He didn't know how to do it.他不知道如何做这件事。
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结构 例句
It is/was＋形容词＋for/of＋名词/代词＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说太……/某人做某事真是太……了 It was hard for him to say goodbye.对他来讲，道别很困难。
It was wise of him to take an umbrella with him.他带了伞真是太明智了。
It's one's turn
to do sth.轮到某人做某事了 It's my turn to tell a story.轮到我讲故事了。
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结构 例句
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间 It usually takes us two hours to do our homework every day.我们每天通常花两个小时做作业。
It is/was time
(for sb.)to do sth.该(某人)做某事的时候了 It is time for us to have a break now.现在我们该休息了。
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近几年四川各地中考对不定式的考查，在单项选择、完形填空、词汇和句子题中均有涉及。主题考查省略to的不定式、含不定式的固定搭配及句型、“特殊疑问词＋to do”的用法。判定是否选动词不定式的方法有：
1．根据句法功能判定
如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语、目的状语等，那么极有可能答案会是动词不定式。
方法指导
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2．根据常见搭配和句式来判定
(1)①It is/was＋形容词＋of/for＋sb.＋to do sth.
在“It is/was＋形容词＋of/for＋sb.＋to do sth.”句型中，当形容词表示行为者的性格、品质时，如：careful、clever、foolish、kind、nice等，其后用of sb.；如果形容词表示不定式的动作的性质，如：easy、difficult、hard、important、interesting、possible、right、wrong等，则其后用for sb.。
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②used to do sth.
③too＋形容词＋to do sth.
④It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.
⑤形容词/副词＋enough to do sth.
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【例题】(重庆渝北区)It isn't easy for me ________ English well.
A．learn　　 B．learns
C．learning　　 D．to learn
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查句型“It's＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，代替句子真正的主语，即动词不定式。
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【跟进训练1】—It's difficult for us ____ the report in three days.
—Come on! I'm sure you can.
A．finished 　　 B．to finish
C．will finish　　 D．finishes
B　
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(2)常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)
agree、begin、choose、dare、decide、expect、hate、help、hope、intend、learn、love、manage、need、offer、plan、prefer、promise、refuse、start、want、wish、would like等动词(词组)后常接不定式作宾语。(注：help之后的不定式符号to可省略。)
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【例题】(2018·甘肃武威)My two cousins decide ________ a business together.
A．to start　　 B．starting
C．start　　 D．started
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的两个表兄弟决定一起创业。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“决定去做某事”，故选A。
【跟进训练2】(2019·甘肃兰州)Henry's uncle is planning __________ (take) a trip to Dunhuang now.
to take　
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(3)常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(词组)
advise、allow、ask、beg、enable、encourage、expect、find、get、help、invite、order、prefer、teach、tell、want、warn、wish、would like等动词(词组)后常用不定式作宾语补足语。(注：help 后面的to可省略，也可不省略。)
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【例题】(2020·黑龙江绥化)My teacher encouraged me________ English as much as possible.
A．to speak　　 B．speak　　
C．speaking
【答案】A
【解析】encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。这是一个固定结构。其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。
【跟进训练3】(2020·浙江舟山改编)Mom gave us a big smile and told us _________(sit) down for the breakfast.
to sit　
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(4)使役动词和感官动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语
一些使役动词和感官动词后可接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。这些动词有：一感(feel)；二听(hear，listen to)；三让(let，make，have)；四看(observe，see，watch，notice)。注：当这类动词用于被动语态时，作宾补的不定式前要加上to。(let 除外。)
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【例题】(四川宜宾)The child is crying.Please do something to make him ________.
A．stop to cry　　 B．stop crying
C．to stop crying
【答案】B
【解析】make sb.do sth.使某人做某事。
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【跟进训练4】(广东汕尾)Though he often made his little sister _______，today he was made ________by his little sister.
A．cry；to cry　　 B．crying；crying
C．cry；cry　　 D．to cry；cry
A　
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(5)常见的后跟省略to的动词不定式的固定搭配和句型
在句型Why not...？/Could you please (not)...？和短语had better (not)、would rather...than...等后，要用省略to的动词不定式。
【例题】(2019·广西桂林)Time is limited! You'd better ________ your time any more.
A．not to waste　 B．waste　
C．not waste
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【答案】C
【解析】had better 最好不。其后接动词原形，排除A；由第一句句意“时间有限”可知，第二句是指“你最好不要再浪费时间”，故用had better not do sth.。
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【跟进训练5】(山东烟台)His uncle would rather _______ the old bike than ________a new one.
A．repair；to buy 　　 B．to repair；buy
C．repair；buy 　　 D．to repair；to buy
C　
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(6)“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的用法
“特殊疑问词(who/whom/what/which/when/where/how)＋不定式” 构成的不定式短语在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。常接“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词(词组)有know、show、teach、tell、find out、learn、forget 等。
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【例题】(2020·浙江金华改编)I taught him how to use the Internet and how ________(play) chess online.
【答案】to play
【解析】根据前面的how to use和并列连词and可知，此处也用“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语，表示“如何在网上下国际象棋”。
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【跟进训练6】(福建福州)—So beautiful flowers! I can't decide ______ for my mom.
—For Mother's Day, it can't be better to take some carnations(康乃馨)．
A．when to choose　　 B．which to choose
C．how to choose
B　
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(7)动词不定式作定语的用法
不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，且与被修饰的名词或代词之间为动宾关系时，动词后面应接相应的介词。
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【例题】(吉林)Joining a summer camp is a great chance ________ free time with your friends.
A．spend　　 B．spending　　　
C．to spend
【答案】C
【解析】a chance to do sth.一次做某事的机会。此处用动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰chance。
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【跟进训练7】Seeing English films is a good way _____ your English.
A．improve　　 B．to improve　　　
C．improving
B　
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考点2　动词－ing形式
知识精讲
功能 例句
主语 Walking is good for our health.步行有利于我们的健康。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.＝Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。
宾语 He enjoys listening to classical music very much.他非常喜欢听古典音乐。(动词宾语)
She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。(介词宾语)
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功能 例句
宾语补足语 Don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。
定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree
你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗？
状语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
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巧学妙记
常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)；盼望 (look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)；想要 (feel like)避免 (avoid)去练习 (practice)；忍俊不禁(can't help)还介意 (mind)。
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判定是否选动词－ing形式的方法有：
1．如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语等，答案可能选动词－ing形式。但是，由于动词不定式也可以作主语、宾语等，所以还要结合固定搭配或句式来综合判断，从而选出正确答案。
方法指导
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(1)常见的后跟动词－ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)
advise、avoid、consider、enjoy、finish、keep、mind、miss、practice、suggest等动词以及 be busy、be worth、can't help、feel like、give up、have fun、have trouble/problem/difficulty (in)、spend ...(in)、stop...(from)等短语后常用动词－ing形式作宾语。
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【例题】(2018·湖北襄阳)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning.You'd better avoid ________ in the center of the city.
A．drive　　 B．driving　　
C．to drive　　 D．driven
【答案】B
【解析】avoid doing sth.避免做某事。这是一个固定搭配。
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【跟进训练8】I used to _______ newspapers and watch TV after dinner.But now I'm used to ________ a walk.
A．read；take　　 B．read；taking
C．reading；taking　　 D．reading；take
B　
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(2)在一些以介词结尾的动词短语或固定句型中，介词后只能跟动词－ing形式作宾语
在What about...？/How about...？/Thank you for...等句型和be good at、be interested in、look forward to、make a contribution to、be/get used to、pay attention to、think about、succeed in等短语中，介词后只能接动词－ing形式作宾语。
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【例题】(2020·黑龙江大庆)The teacher told us to pay attention to ________(spell) English words.
【答案】spelling
【解析】pay attention to注意。这里的to是介词，其后接动词时，动词要用动名词形式，所以这里填spell的动名词形式spelling。
【跟进训练9】许多次我都想放弃，但我奋力坚持了下来。
Many times I thought about _________ _____， but I fought on.
giving　　 up　
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(3)常见的既可跟动词不定式也可跟动词－ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)
like、stop、forget、remember、try、continue、regret、go on等动词(词组)后可以接动词不定式和动词－ing形式作宾语。
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【例题】(2019·内蒙古呼和浩特改编)In order to catch the early bus, we had to stop ________(wait) for them.
【答案】waiting
【跟进训练10】(2018·贵州黔南州)Please stop _______ and go out for a walk.Remember ________ warm clothes.
A．to study；wearing　　 B．studying；to wear
C．to study；to wear　　 D．studying；wearing
B　
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(4)感官动词后跟省略to的动词不定式和动词－ing形式作宾语补足语的意义不同
see、watch、notice、hear、feel等感官动词之后接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词－ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。
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【例题】(江苏宿迁)I heard Tom ________ when I walked past his room yesterday.
A．sing　　 B．singing　　
C．to sing　　 D．sang
【答案】B
【解析】由题空后“when I walked past his room yesterday”可知，应该是听到汤姆正在唱歌，故选B。
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【跟进训练11】(湖北孝感)—Is Jack in the next room
—Well，it's hard to say.But I heard him _______ loudly when I passed by just now.
A．speak　　 B．to speak　　
C．spoken　　 D．speaking
D　
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2．如果所填成分作定语且它表示的动作正在进行，同时被修饰词与它又是主谓关系时，那么答案很可能选现在分词。如果所填成分作伴随状语，且表主动时，也选现在分词。◇Do you know the boy standing under the tree？你认识正站在树下的那个男孩吗？She sat there, sobbing loudly.她坐在那里，呜呜地哭着。
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过去分词的句法功能
考点3　过去分词
知识精讲
功能 例句
表语 The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。
定语 Do you like reading novels written by Mark Twain？
你喜欢看马克·吐温写的小说吗？
宾语补足语 I'm going to have my car repaired this afternoon.
今天下午我打算把我的车送去修理。
状语 Given more money，we could travel to more countries.
如果多给点儿钱，我们可以去更多的国家旅游。
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1．如果所填成分作后置定语，同时它与被修饰词又是动宾关系时，那么答案很可能选过去分词。如果所填成分作伴随状语，且表被动时，也选过去分词。
【例题】The concert ________(give)by Professor White was a great success.
【答案】given
方法指导
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【跟进训练12】He listens to the story about the hero，______ to tears.
A．moving　　 B．moved　　
C．to move　　 D．moves
B　
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2．根据固定用法来判断
表被动时，接过去分词作宾补的动词有：感官动词(see、watch、observe、hear、feel、notice等)；使役动词(make、have、let)。
【例题】I saw the little girl ________(make) to cry by the boy.
【答案】made
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1．(2020·凉山州改编)There was a wild goose _________ (fly) above the head of Wang Zhaojun.
2．(2020·达州改编)With the COVID－19 epidemic hitting China, many of you might want __________ (know) more about the virus.
3．(2020·达州改编)However, before Hans left, the man shouted, “I'd like _________(ask) you a question.”
四川中考真题精练
flying　
to know　
to ask　
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4．(2019·泸州)Don't forget to visit your library, and remember ___________ (感谢) your librarian for his or her help.
5．(2019·乐山)It's so hot here.Would you mind __________(打开) the windows for me
6．(广元)—Who is your favorite teacher
—Mr.Red.He often makes us ____ by telling jokes in class.
A．laugh　　 B．to laugh　　
C．laughs
to thank　
opening　
A　
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7．(2018·乐山)—Julia，your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute.It's dangerous ____ it while crossing the street.
A．answering 　　 B．answer 　　
C．to answer
8．(2019·成都)Smartphones ____ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.
A．made　　 B．making　　
C．to make
C　
A　
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9．(2018·成都)I got up early this morning ____ my grandma at the airport.
A．to pick up　　 B．picking up　　
C．picked up
10．(2020·攀枝花)—Cindy, it's very nice of you ______ me your car. It helps me a lot.
—It's my pleasure.
A．lend　　 B．to lend　　
C．lending　　 D．lent
A　
B　
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11．(成都)—I'll have a ten－day holiday.But I don't know ____.
—How about Paris
A．what to do　　 B．where to go
C．when to go
12．(2019·遂宁)These foreigners are practicing ____ Chinese.
A．to speak　　 B．speaking
C．speak　　 D．speaks
B　
B　
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13．(2018·宜宾)We all look forward to____ you again soon.
A．see　　 B．seeing　　
C．seen
14．(2019·宜宾)It is necessary for me ____ to live on my own, such as cooking by myself.
A．to learn　　 B．to be learned
C．learning　　 D．to have learned
B　
A　
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15．(内江)In some African countries，children are made ____ heavy work because their parents have died.
A．doing　　 B．done　　
C．do　　 D．to do
16．(2019·宜宾)He enjoys ____ to many places during his summer vacation.
A．travels　　 B．traveling
C．to travel　　 D．to traveling
D　
B　
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．(2018·江苏盐城)All of us should look straight ahead and keep __________(run)．
2．(2019·广西北部湾经济开发区改编)Every time I want to give up，my parents always encourage me __________(keep) trying.
3．(2020·贵州黔东南州)It's not hard________________(understand) what she says.
running　
2021年迎考特训
to keep　
to understand　
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4．(2020·湖南常德)The teacher asked Ben____________(answer) a question in class.
5．(2019·湖南常德)I don't want ________(be) fat.
6．(2020·山东聊城改编)“I like__________(play) volleyball too，” says David.
7．(2020·浙江杭州改编)No one in the family has ever studied medicine before—it's so difficult and takes such a long time ___________ (study)．
to answer　
to be　
playing　
to study　
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8．(2019·甘肃平凉)David asks the volleyball star, Cindy Smith, about her _________(eat) habits.
9．(2020·浙江绍兴)They look forward to___________ (spend) time there with friends.
10．(2019·湖北荆门改编)All of us are looking forward to __________ (win) the volleyball match in Beijing.
eating　
spending　
winning　
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11．(2019·江苏扬州)If the golden sun should stop __________(shine) its light, just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.
12．(2019·浙江湖州)I happened to know that my grandpa used to __________(collect) tea sets.
shining　
collect　
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二、单项选择。
1．(2019·江苏泰州)In his e－mail, David promised ____ his daughter during her stay in Japan.
A．visiting　　 B．visit　　
C．visited　　 D．to visit
2．(黑龙江龙东地区)I often hear the little girl ____ the piano in the next room.
A．practicing playing B．practice to play
C．practice playing
D　
C　
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3．(2018·江苏南京)Some people enjoy ____ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.
A．to send 　　 B．send
C．sending　　 D．sent
4．(2019·湖南湘西州)—How do you practice your spoken English，Andrew
—By ____ English with my classmates.
A．to speak　　 B．speaking　　
C．speak
C　
B　
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5．(2019·甘肃天水改编)—I have trouble ____ English, Mr.Lee.
—Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk with others
A．speak　　 B．to speak　　
C．speaking
6．(2019·湖北孝感)—In my opinion, animals shouldn't be kept for fun.
—I think so.Forest are the best places for animals ____.
A．live　　 B．living　　
C．to live　　 D．to live in
C　
D　
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7．(2019·江苏南京)—Do you have any plans for the holiday
—Yes, I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.I'm looking forward to _____ the colorful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A．see　　 B．seeing　　
C．sees　　 D．saw
B　
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8．(2019·湖南湘潭)—Alex, would you mind ______ down the music？It's too noisy.
—Sorry，Dad.I'll do it right away.
A．turn　　 B．turning　　
C．to turn
9．(2019·江苏盐城)Mr Wu keeps _______ his students that the future belongs to the well－educated.
A．telling　　 B．to tell　　
C．ordering　　 D．to order
B　
A　
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10．(2019·贵州安顺)—What a heavy rain!
—So it is.I prefer ____ rather than ________ on such a rainy day.
A．to go out；staying at home
B．staying at home；go out
C．going out；stay at home
D．to stay at home；go out
D　
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11．(2019·湖南湘西州)—John，remember ______ off the lights when you leave the classroom.
—No problem!
A．turn　　 B．turned　　
C．to turn
12．(2020·江苏泰州)More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take action ____ the situation from getting worse.
A．stop　　 B．stopping
C．stopped　　 D．to stop
C　
D　
第 * 页
13．(江苏南京)—Have you read the book Jane Eyre
—Yes.It's a famous book and really worth ____.
A．to read　　 B．reading
C．to be read　　 D．read
14．(甘肃天水)We'll do what we can ____ the sick man.
A．to help　　 B．help
C．helps　　 D．helped
B　
A　
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15．(广东)For more than once, our head teacher asks us ____ the habit of keeping a diary.
A．develop　　 B．develops
C．developing　　 D．to develop
16．(甘肃天水)Sleeping is a popular way ____among students.
A．relax　　 B．relaxed
C．relaxing　　 D．to relax
D　
D　
第 * 页
17．(天津)We only planned ____ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.
A．watch　　 B．watches
C．to watch　　 D．watched
18．(甘肃白银)I look forward ____ you soon.
A．see　　 B．seeing
C．to see　　 D．to seeing
C　
D　
第 * 页
19．(2020·重庆B卷)We'd better follow the seven－step hand－washing method______healthy.
A．to keep　　 B．keep
C．keeping　　 D．keeps
20．(湖南邵阳)My little brother didn't go to bed until he finished____ his homework last night.
A．do　　 B．doing　　
C．to do
A　
B　
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21．(湖南湘潭)Sometimes you have to stop ______ too much and just go where your heart takes you.
A．think　　 B．to think　　
C．thinking
C