2021-2022四川中考英语复习课件 第2篇专题12构词法(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
一　语法专题突破
专题十二　构词法
栏目导航
透析中考
四川中考真题精练
第 * 页
1．常见的构词法
透 析 中 考
知识精讲
构词法 主要方式 例词
转化法(由一个词类转化为另一个词类) 名词→动词 book 书→预订
hand 手→上交
形容词→动词 clean 干净的→打扫
correct 正确的→改正
形容词→名词 American 美国的→美国人
European 欧洲的→欧洲人
动词→名词 cook烹调→厨师
judge判决→法官
第 * 页
构词法 主要方式 例词
合成法(将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词) 名词/形容词/动词－ing形式＋名词 basketball 篮球
greenhouse 温室
dining room 餐厅
名词＋形容词 snow－white 雪白的
world－famous 世界著名的
名词＋动词－ing形式 handwriting 书法
shoe－making 制鞋业
名词/形容词＋分词 man－made 人工制造的
good－looking 好看的
第 * 页
构词法 主要方式 例词
合成法(将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词) 形容词/数词＋名词(＋－ed) black－eyed 黑眼睛的
second－hand二手的
five－storied 五层楼的
数词＋可数名词单数＋形容词 five－year－old 五岁大的
two－metre－long 两米长的
副词＋名词/动词 downstairs 在楼下
outdoors 在户外
download 下载
合成代词 anything 任何事情
第 * 页
构词法 主要方式 例词
派生法(在一个词前加前缀或在词尾加后缀构成新词) 前缀＋词根 rewrite 重写
impolite 不礼貌的
词根＋后缀 careful 仔细的
worker 工人
第 * 页
2．常用前缀
前缀 意思 例词
anti－ 反对；防止 anti－war 反战　anti－freeze防冻剂
co－ 共同；相互 co－author合著者　cooperate合作
dis－ 不；无 disappear 消失　dishonest 不诚实的
en－ 使可能 enable 使能够　enlarge 扩大
il－ 不；非 illegal 非法的　illogical 不合逻辑的
im－ 不 impossible不可能的　impatient不耐烦的
in－ 不；非 inexpensive不贵的　incomplete不完全的
第 * 页
前缀 意思 例词
ir－ 不；无 irregular不规则的
mis－ 错误的 mistake 错误　misunderstanding 误解
non－ 不；非 non－smoker 不吸烟者
re－ 再；又 retell 复述　reunion 重聚
super－ 超级 supermarket 超市
tele－ 远程 telescope 望远镜　telephone 电话
un－ 不 unlike 不像　uncomfortable 不舒服的
第 * 页
3．常用后缀
词类 后缀 例词
名词 －er，－or，－ress teacher 教师　inventor 发明家
waitress 女服务员
－n，－an，－ian Australian 澳大利亚人
musician 音乐家
－ese Chinese 中国人　Japanese日本人
－ing building 建筑　sightseeing 观光
－ist artist 艺术家　scientist 科学家
－ment government 政府　development 发展
－ness illness 生病　coldness 寒冷
第 * 页
词类 后缀 例词
名词 －ship leadership 领导力　friendship 友谊
－th truth 事实　warmth 温暖　depth 深度
－ion，－tion，
－ation，－sion education 教育　competition 比赛
invention 发明　decision决定
translation翻译
－ty safety 安全
－hood childhood 童年
第 * 页
词类 后缀 例词
形容词 －able，
－ible comfortable舒服的　enjoyable 快乐的
flexible灵活的
－al traditional 传统的　national 民族的
－ed surprised 感到吃惊的
－en wooden 木制的　golden 金的
－ern eastern 东方的　western 西方的
－ing interesting 有趣的　exciting 使人兴奋的
第 * 页
词类 后缀 例词
形容词 －ive active 有活力的　impressive 令人难忘的
－ical chemical 化学的　musical 音乐的
－ful careful 仔细的　helpful 有帮助的
－less careless 粗心的　useless 无用的
－ly friendly 友好的　weekly 每周的
－ous famous 著名的　dangerous 危险的
－y lucky 幸运的　dirty 肮脏的
第 * 页
词类 后缀 例词
数词 －teen thirteen 十三　fifteen 十五
－ty twenty 二十
－th fifth 第五
副词 －ly carefully 细心地　happily 开心地
第 * 页
1．否定前缀
否定前缀dis－、im－、in－、il－、ir－、non－、un－等加在词前，使原先表肯定意义的词变为否定的含义。
【例题】(2020·江苏南京)The noise made sleep ________ (possible), so I got up and read a book.
【答案】impossible
方法指导
第 * 页
【解析】句意：噪音让睡觉变得________，所以我起床来读书了。根据句意可知，此处表示“不可能的”，所以要用possible(可能的)的反义词impossible。
【跟进训练1】(2019·江苏连云港)Don't be ____________(不耐烦的)．Learning English takes some time.
impatient　
第 * 页
2．一些名词后缀的用法
名词后缀－n、－an、－ian、－ese表示 “……地方的人；某国人”。－an、－ian还可表示 “精通……的人”。
【例题】 The little girl hopes to be a ________(music) in the future.
【答案】musician
【解析】句意：那个小女孩希望将来成为一名音乐家。“音乐家”的英文单词是在music后加－ian。
【跟进训练2】The ____________(library) told the students that they should return the books on time.
librarian　
第 * 页
3．一些以后缀－er、－or 结尾的名词
在动词后加后缀－er、－or可表示 “从事某种职业的人”，如：teacher、visitor、operator、inventor、player、actor、conductor、editor等。
【例题】(江苏扬州)As a great ________(发明家)，Thomas Edison made a difference to our life.
【答案】inventor
【解析】inventor发明家，是在动词invent后加后缀－or构成的词。
第 * 页
【跟进训练3】(甘肃兰州)Lao She was a great _________ (write) and he's especially famous for his play，Teahouse.
writer　
第 * 页
4．以－ing 和以－ed结尾的形容词的用法区别
以－ing结尾的形容词常与表示事物的名词或代词连用，说明某事物怎样；以－ed结尾的形容词常与表示人的名词或代词连用，说明人的感觉如何。
【例题】(2020·黑龙江大庆)Simon was ________(surprise) to see spaceships from China.
【答案】surprised
【解析】surprise是名词，题空处位于be动词后面作表语，应用其形容词surprised或surprising。此处修饰人(Simon)，所以用surprised。
第 * 页
【跟进训练4】(2019·山西改编)
It became one of the ___________ (excite) parts of the whole concert that evening.
exciting　
第 * 页
5．部分名词加后缀－ful和－less表示相反的意思
有些词加后缀－ful和－less后表示相反的意思，如careful(仔细的)—careless(粗心的)。
【例题】(2019·重庆B卷改编)Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework, because she didn't do it ________enough.
A．carefully B．careful
C．care D．careless
第 * 页
【答案】A
【解析】care作动词或名词，其形容词形式为careful(小心的，仔细的)、careless(粗心的)，其副词形式为carefully(仔细地)。题空处修饰实义动词do，故用副词形式。
【跟进训练5】(上海)“Be __________(care) not to touch the paintings in the museum，” Mum said.
careful　
第 * 页
6．以后缀－y结尾的形容词
某些名词加后缀－y构成形容词，表示“充满……的”，如cloudy(多云的)、windy(有风的)、dirty(肮脏的)、healthy(健康的)、lucky(幸运的)等。
【例题】 Do you think it will be ____(sun) or ____(cloud) tomorrow
【答案】sunny；cloudy
【跟进训练6】(江苏宿迁)The weather will be warm and ________ (sun) for most of the week.
sunny　
第 * 页
7．形容词后缀－ous的用法
某些名词后加－ous构成形容词，表示 “具有……性质的”，如dangerous(危险的)、famous(著名的)、courageous(英勇的)等。
【例题】Although Jobs has been dead，he is still a ________(fame) person around the world.
【答案】famous
【跟进训练7】It's very ____________ (danger) for the young children to play near the river by themselves.
dangerous　
第 * 页
1．(2019·攀枝花)I'm terribly sorry.I _____________(complete) forgot that it's your birthday today.
2．(2020·成都)This 5－year－old boy has such a good sense of d________ that he never gets lost.
3．(2020·自贡改编)He__________ (quick) prepared a pizza with red tomatoes, white cheese and green basil, which stood for the colors of Italy's new ___________(nation) flag.
四川中考真题精练
completely　
irection　
quickly　
national　
第 * 页
4．(2020·南充改编)Einstein often received ______________ (invite) to explain his ideas at different universities.
5．(2020·南充改编)One evening, on their way to a university, Einstein said, “I'm so tired.I wish I could avoid giving my lecture(讲座) tonight. But I don't want to make my listeners _______________(disappoint)．”
invitations　
disappointed　
第 * 页
一、词汇运用。
1．(湖北荆门)Doctors say that too much pressure is not good for a child's ______________(发展)．
2．(2019·广西北部湾经济开发区)Which is more ___________(value) to you, health or wealth
3．(2020·黑龙江七台河)Most people don't like________ (rain) days because they make people feel sad.
development　
2021年迎考特训
valuable　
rainy　
第 * 页
4．(江苏连云港)On his way back home，Frank lost his wallet because of his _______________ (粗心)．
5．(2020·山东聊城改编)David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen－year－old boy，and_______________ (successful) it came out as a book in 2012.
6．(2019·江苏宿迁)The question is a little difficult.Let's have a _____________(discuss) about it.
7．(江苏徐州)I'm not __________ (worry) about my younger sister —she can take care of herself.
carelessness　
successfully　
discussion　
worried　
第 * 页
8．(2019·江苏宿迁)Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city to host the ________(Asia) Games after Beijing and Guangzhou.
9．(2020·江苏连云港改编)A short drive later, we arrived at a busy, ________(noise) factory. It's full of working machines.
10．(云南)Tu Youyou is one of the Nobel Prize __________(win) in 2015.We're proud of her.
11．(云南)The police warn the drivers to drive slowly on ________ (snow) days because it is dangerous.
Asian　
noisy　
winners　
snowy　
第 * 页
12．(2019·江苏常州)For your own _________(safe), please do not walk about on the plane.
13．(江苏常州)More action must be taken to stop ____________ (pollute)．
14．(2019·甘肃天水)G__________ speaking，different countries have different table manners.
15．(江苏镇江)Some citizens waited for the workers to repair their broken water pipes quite long，and they became ____________(patient)．
safety　
pollution　
enerally　
impatient　
第 * 页
16．(上海)Some wild animals may ____________ (appear) forever if we don't stop hunting them.
17．(贵州安顺)As we all know，France is a ________ (west) country.
18．(2019·黑龙江龙东地区)Using too much plastic products is _________ (harm) to our environment.
19．( 2020·浙江金华改编)One day，when I came back from school，I found my grandpa was sitting__________ (quiet) in a chair, doing nothing.
20．(2020·浙江宁波)Behaving___________(礼貌地) costs nothing, but it brings a lot.
disappear　
western　
harmful　
quietly　
politely　
第 * 页
21．(2020·江苏连云港)It is___________(不礼貌的) to push in before others while waiting for the bus.
22．(2018·甘肃武威)The days of spring are ______ (wind) and bright.
23．(2018·甘肃武威)I haven't seen them ___________ (recent)．
24．(2018·江苏宿迁)Deep in his heart, Nelson Mandela wanted to help the black people to live _________(free)．
25．(2019·湖北武汉改编)
We usually plan to do something ______________ (interest)，or go somewhere together.
impolite　
windy　
recently　
freely　
interesting　
第 * 页
26．(2019·浙江湖州改编)When travelling in Singapore, you can _________(simple) speak Putonghua a lot of the time.
27．(山东烟台)George treats everyone with kindness and _________ (warm)，spreading positive energy.
28．(2019·山东济宁改编)Many classic Chinese poems are _________ (广泛地) spread in the world.
29．(2020·江苏连云港)It'll take about two days to finish the project if everything goes___________(顺利地)．
simply　
warmth　
widely　
smoothly　
第 * 页
30．(山东滨州)From the show Running Man，we can learn the _____________ (重要性) of team spirit.
31．(2018·甘肃武威)I have already asked him ________ (two) but he hasn't given me any reply.
32．(2020·江苏连云港)The Chinese government has done a lot to control plastic____________(污染) in big cities.
33．(2018·江苏宿迁)Look! Your room is really _________ (tidy). You should learn to be organized.
importance　
twice　
pollution　
untidy　
第 * 页
34．(2018·江苏宿迁)Natural resources are very important for us and we should use them _________(明智地)．
35．(2020·贵州黔东南州)She's ___________ (friend) and very humorous.
36．(甘肃白银)We all need a __________(health)environment.
37．(甘肃兰州)He is always ___________(care)about his schoolwork, so he keeps making the same mistakes.
38．(江苏南京)Wild animals which are now in danger need our _____________ (protect)．
wisely　
friendly　
healthy　
careless　
protection　
第 * 页
39．(江苏泰州)What a pity! Sue lost the game because the _________ (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast.
40．(江苏泰州)After the 31st Olympic Games, people all over the country thought _______ (high)of the spirit of the Women's Volleyball Team.
41．(江苏宿迁)Bob stayed up late last night and now he feels ________ (sleep)．
42．(江苏盐城改编)It seems _____________(possible) for Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all Chinese people.
weight　
highly　
sleepy　
impossible　
第 * 页
43．(2019·江苏镇江改编)The twin boys are not only of the same _________(重量)，but also the _________(高度)．
44．(2019·内蒙古呼和浩特)During the World War Ⅱ，millions of __________(Germany) lost their lives.
weight　
height　
Germans　
第 * 页
二、单项选择。
1．(2019·江苏宿迁改编)A ____ Chinese skater set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.
A．25－years－old　　 B．25 year old
C．25－year－old　　 D．25 years old
2．(2019·江苏盐城改编)You need not only talent but also hard work to become a ____ football player.
A．success　　 B．successful
C．succeed　　 D．friendly
C　
B