2021-2022四川中考英语复习课件 专题六　词汇运用(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
二　题型专题探究
专题六　词汇运用
栏目导航
解题技巧
中考例题精析
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命题特点
分析近几年达州中考真题，词汇运用的考查类型是：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。词汇运用的短文体裁以记叙文为主，高频话题包括：生活感悟、故事集萃(教育故事、情感故事)，词数为200～325个单词。必考点包括：名词(考查角度包括名词单数变为复数或形容词变为名词)、形容词(考查角度包括形容词原级、原级变为其比较级或最高级、名词变为形容词)、代词(考查角度包括人称代词主格变为宾格、反身代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或定语从句中的关系代
解 题 技 巧
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词)、非谓语动词(考查角度包括动词不定式和动名词)、动词语态(考查角度包括一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态、情态动词的被动语态，其中以一般过去时的被动语态为主)、动词时态(考查角度包括现在完成时、现在进行时等，其中现在完成时的考查居多)。一般而言，词汇运用题中变形词数为5～9个。
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解题方法
1．语境推测法
只有在具体的语言环境中才能确定要填的单词，因此，首先要掌握文章或句子大意，才能正确理解空缺词在句子中的意义，从而做出合理的选择。
2．语法判断法
一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在句子的句型结构和句子成分来判断其词性，这样可以缩小空缺词的选择范围，提高选词的准确率。
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3．词形确定法
确定了空缺处单词的词性后，还要借助上下文确定出它的适当形式。若空缺处需要填写动词，那么就要考虑动词的语态、时态等；若空缺处需要填写形容词，那么就要考虑形容词的比较级、最高级及固定句式等。
4．固定搭配法
如空缺处考查固定短语或句型，则要根据固定搭配的结构来填写正确的形式。
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5．逻辑推理法
填完所有单词后，不可孤立地逐个词检查，必须将填入的词代入文章或句子中，通读全文或句子，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章或句子的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，以便发现问题并及时纠正。
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(2018·四川达州)用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。
A Cloud of Hope and Danger
In 2050，a small cloud floats through the air in a hospital operating room(手术室)．In the room a patient，suffering from cancer，lies on a table.The cloud surrounds(包围)the patient，__76__her body and filling her lungs(肺)．The cloud is not smoke or steam.It is made of millions of
中 考 例 题 精 析
cover bad them patient danger
decision solute but able research
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microscopic robots called nano robots(纳米机器人)．These tiny robots move from cell(细胞) to cell in the __77__body，destroying the cancer cells.
Fighting cancer with nano robots is only an idea today，__78__scientists say that it would be possible in the future.Using nano robots for good purposes such as fighting disease or repairing the environment may be the __79__to many of today's problems.
However，nano robots could be a __80__risk as well.Since nano robots are so tiny，they will have to work in large teams of many thousands to many millions.For this reason，nano robots will have to be programmed to build __81___.Scientists will not have the ability to build millions of
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nano robots one by one.
This__82__to reproduce(复制)is making some scientists worried.What if something goes wrong in the programming Quite a lot of crazy nano robots would be far__83__than any disease.Some people think that if they get out of control，nano robots could destroy the Earth.
What should be done Should we continue__84__nano robots or should we search for other methods This is one of the many difficult __85__that we have to make in the future.
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【文章大意】本文主要介绍了纳米机器人的应用设想以及可能会存在的利弊问题。
【试题解析】
76．答案　covering　
解析　考查非谓语动词。and连接的成分应当一致，其后是动词 ing形式filling，故推测其前的空格处也要用动词 ing形式。再结合空格前的句意“那朵云包围着那位病人”及方框中的动词可猜测，本句逗号后面的句意为“覆盖着她的身体并填满了她的肺”。故用动词cover的 ing形式。
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77．答案　patient's
解析　考查名词所有格。由第一段第三至五句可知，纳米机器人包围着那位病人，并进入了那位病人的身体，由此推测此空表示“病人的”，故填patient's。
78．答案　but　
解析　考查连词。空格前的句意“如今用纳米机器人抗癌仅仅是一个设想”和空格后的句意“科学家说未来它将成为可能”是转折关系，故选but。
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79．答案　solution(s)
解析　考查名词。“Using nano robots for good purposes such as fighting disease or repairing the environment(为了起到好作用而使用纳米机器人，比如说抵御疾病或者修复环境)”说明了纳米机器人在解决现实问题方面的一些用途，因此可以说纳米机器人是当今很多问题的解决方法。the solution(s) to意为“……的解决方法”。
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80．答案　dangerous
解析　考查形容词。本段主要介绍的是纳米机器人在实际应用方面可能存在的严重问题，因此本句意为“然而，纳米机器人也可能是一种危险的冒险行为”。本空格修饰后面的名词risk，故填表示“危险”的形容词dangerous。
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81．答案　themselves　
解析　考查反身代词。由后一句可知，科学家们没有能力来一个一个地复制出这些纳米机器人，因此推测，此处是说纳米机器人需要被编程来进行自我复制。build themselves意为“(它们)自我复制”。
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82．答案　ability　
解析　考查名词。由“What if something goes wrong in the programming？”和“Some people think that if they get out of control, nano robots could destroy the Earth”可知，纳米机器人的这种自我复制的能力让一些科学家担忧。结合空格前面的指示代词this和后面的is可知，此处填单数名词ability。
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83．答案　worse
解析　考查形容词的比较级。由than any disease以及后一句句意“一些人认为如果它们失控了，纳米机器人可能会毁了地球”可推测，本句是说发疯的纳米机器人可能会比任何疾病都糟糕，故填bad的比较级worse。
84．答案　researching
解析　考查固定搭配。对比方框中剩下的两个单词decision(决定)、research(研究)可知，research更符合语境。再结合固定搭配continue doing sth.可知，此空填动词的 ing形式researching。
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85．答案　decisions　
解析　考查固定搭配。由句意“这是将来我们不得不做出的许多艰难的________之一”可知，that之前是主句，that引导的是定语从句。结合固定搭配“one of the ＋ 复数名词”及make a decision/make decisions可知，此处填复数名词decisions。
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A(2020·四川达州)
With the COVID 19 epidemic hitting China, many of you might want __1__ more about the virus. The disease __2__ by a newly found type of coronavirus(冠状病毒). Coronaviruses are a large family of virus. The word “corona” comes from Latin and refers to crowns(王冠). When people first saw a coronavirus under a microscope(显微镜), they found that its spikes(刺
2021年迎考特训
include look find seven among which know animal cause how
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突) made it __3__ like a crown. That's __4__ the virus family got its name.
Some coronaviruses cause disease in humans, others spread illness among animals, __5__ camels(骆驼), cats and bats.
We __6__ seven types of coronaviruses that can infect humans so far. Four of them are common and cause respiratory(呼吸道的) illness such as mild flu. Rarely(很少), __7__ coronaviruses can evolve(进化) and then spread __8__ people, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome(中东呼吸综合征) and severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). The novel coronavirus, __9__was found in Wuhan, is __10__one.
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1． 　　　　　2. 　　　　
3． 　　　 4. 　 　
5． 　　　 6. 　　　 　
7． 　　　 8. 　　among　
9． 　　 10. 　　t　
to know
is caused
look
including
animal
which
have found
among
the seventh
how 　
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B(2019·四川广安)
If you are asked the question “What colour is the sky？” I believe you will answer blue.But I am afraid you are__1__. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking __2__ the blue sunlight. The sunlight __3__ on the little bits of dust(灰尘) in the air.
Is the sky full of __4__？ I am sure that you are asked this question，
wrong air too in what
away fly at without shine
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_5__. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not live__6__ air. Planes could not __7__ if there is not any air. If we go far enough __8__ from the earth, then we will find there is no air. Perhaps we can answer some of our questions now.__9__ is the sky The sky is space. It is all around the world. There is nothing but the sun, the moon and the stars __10__space.
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1．　　　　　　　　　2.　　
3．　　 4.　　
5．　　 6.　　
7．　　 8.　　
9．　　 10.　
wrong
at
shines
air
too
without
fly
away
What
in
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C(2016·四川达州改编)
A long time ago，a man punished his 3 year old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping(包着的) paper.Money was tight and he became very angry when the child tried to decorate(装饰) a box to put__1__the table.
children discourage under kiss upset
shout look beg bring something
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However，the little girl__2__the gift to her father the next morning and said，“This is for you，Daddy.” The father was__3__by his earlier overreaction(过度反应)，but his anger rose again when he found out the box was empty.He__4__at her，“Don't you know，when you give someone a present，there should be__5__inside？”
The little girl__6__up at him，tears filled in her eyes，and cried，“Oh，Daddy，it's not empty at all.I blew__7__into the box.They are all for you，Daddy.”The father was shocked.He put his arms around his little girl，and he__8__for her forgiveness.
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Only a short time later，an accident took the life of the child.Her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years，and whenever he was__9__，he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of his__10__who had put it there.
1．　　　　　　　2.　　　　
3．　　 4.　　
5．　　 6.　　
7．　　 8.　　
9．　　 10.　　
under
brought
upset
shouted
something
looked
kisses
begged
discouraged
child
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D(2019·四川自贡改编)
A man named Bill once visited a museum that was still being built. He saw a sculptor(雕刻家)__1__ a sculpture. As he watched the man work on the sculpture, he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby.
He felt strange and asked the sculptor, “Why are you creating two __2__ sculptures Do you need two to put in different __3__？”
continue make place careful who
same stop before good something
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“No.” the man said without looking up, “We need only one, but the first one became damaged(损害)__4__ I could finish it, so I'm working on a new one.”
Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it __5__. But he couldn't find __6__ wrong with it.
“Where is the damage？” he asked.
“There is a scratch(划痕) on the sculpture's nose，” the sculptor said while __7__ his work.
Bill then asked, “Where are you going to place the sculpture？”
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The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height. “If the sculpture is up that high, __8__ is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？” Bill asked.
The sculptor __9__ his work, looking up at the man and said, “I will know it.”
The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work. Even if other people didn't notice it, it mattered to him that his work should be of the __10__ quality(质量). This is an attitude we should work hard to have.
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1．　　　　　　　　　2.　　　　　
3．　　 4.　　
5．　 6.　　
7．　　 8.　　
9．　　 10.　
making
same
places
before
carefully
anything
continuing
who
stopped
best
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E(2019·江西)
How you speak on the telephone is very important! If you use good telephone __1__， the caller will be happy. If not, they may not want to deal with(打交道) you or your company __2__.　
First, make sure you answer the call formally(正式地), giving your name and the name of your company. __3__ will let the caller know that you are professional.　
this explain skill say information
than again polite available smile
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You should also remember __4__ as you speak, and use a friendly tone(语调). If you sound bored or too busy, the caller will think you are impolite.　
Your choice of words can make a big difference, too. For example, if have not heard what a caller __5__， it is much more polite to say “I'm sorry. Could you say this again, please？” __6__ to simply say “What？”　
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Similarly, if a caller asks to speak to someone, don't just say “yes” or “no”. If the person is __7__， say that you will put the caller through to them. If they are unavailable, __8__ where they are, and then take a message.
In either situation, you will also need to get some __9__ about the caller, such as their name or company. Make sure you get all that you need and, most importantly, ask for it __10__！
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1．　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　
3．　　 4.　　
5．　　 6.　　
7．　 8.　　
9．　　 10.　　
skill
again
This
to smile
said
than
available
explain
information
politely
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F(2019·甘肃兰州)
Have you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter Of course, you're __1__ not a magician. But Speeder could make your dreams __2__ true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle. A US company made __3__. The company calls it the world's __4__ flying motorcycle.
come first how fly probably
meter it for little and
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Speeder can take off __5__ land anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a height of 4,500 __6__ in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder mainly uses diesel fuel(柴油) to __7__. The company will do more research on __8__ to use clean energy to power Speeder in the future. Speeder riders must weigh __9__ than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy, it will be hard __10__ the motorcycle to take off.
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1．　　　　　　　　　2.　　　　　
3．　　 4.　　
5．　　 6.　　
7．　　 8.　　
9．　 10.　　
probably
come
it
first
and
meters
fly
how
less
far