Unit1 People of Achievement非限制性定语从句课件(39张ppt)

(共39张PPT)
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Non-restrictive relative clauses 非限制性定语从句
Step1-Revision复习
Task：①划出定语从句 ②指出先行词和关系词③分析关系词在从句里面做什么成分
Festivals are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while.
Those who are willing to take risks are more likely to take actions.
The boy whose mother died in the earthquake was interviewed by a local newspaper.
【概括】
①限制性定语从句是用来对___________________ 进行修饰限定的从句， 故也称之为______________的从句；
②位置关系：___________+______________
③关系词代替_____________， 在定语从句中作___________(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等)
3
先行词（名词或代词)
形容词性的
先行词
定语从句
成分
先行词
1. Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.
Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
这是一个__________定语从句，关系代词______修饰先行词____________, 在定语从句里面做___________, 关系代词可以省略吗？
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.
这是一个__________定语从句，关系代词______修饰先行词____________, 在定语从句里面做___________, 关系代词可以省略吗？关系代词可以换成which吗？
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
这是一个__________定语从句，关系副词______修饰先行词____________, 在定语从句里面做___________, 关系副词可以省略吗？
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
这是一个__________定语从句，关系代词______修饰先行词____________, 在定语从句里面做___________, 关系代词可以省略吗？关系代词可以换成who吗？
Step 2 定语从句的种类
感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
限制性定从：
She hates people who like smoking.
非限制性定从：
My hometown is Beijing, which is the capital of China.
她讨厌喜欢抽烟的人。
我的家乡是北京，它是中国的首都。
Step3 总结限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
1. 限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，没有它，先行词的意义或身份就不明确，所以它在句中是必不可少的。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词或主句起解释或补充说明作用，它的前后有_____与主句隔开，即使取消从句，对主语没有大的影响，可有可无。
逗号
Spot 非限制性定语从句in the passage
Tu Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize
1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
4. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
= in which
可以换成who吗？
总结限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
3. 引导词的不同
1.在限制性定语从句中，可以用关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，但是在非限制性定语从句中，不能用______,也不能用______ ,用for which来代替why。例如：
例1.
误：Wang Fang passed her exam，that surprised me a great deal.
正：Wang Fang passed her exam，which surprised me a great deal.
例2.I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.
总结限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
4. 引导词的省略问题
1) He’s a man people like at first sight. （省略了_____________）
2) I have lost the bananas I bought this morning. （省略了______________）
3) I passed him a glass of beer, which he drank immediately. （__________不可省略）
总结：在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律*不能省略。如在限制性定语从句中，that在从句中做____________时（成分），通常可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不可省略。例如：
that/who
that/which
which
宾语
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名称 意义 结构要求 功能 引导词 翻译法
限制性定语从句 起限定作用， 指特定的人或物， 不可省略，否则原句的句意不完整 紧跟先行词， 同先行词之间一般不加逗号 修饰先行词 关系代词、关系副词that作宾语时可省略 一般译为“...的”
非限制性定语从句 仅作补充或说明，若省略掉，原句的句意也完整 用逗号与主句隔开 修饰先行词或整个主句 一般不用that、why 可译为并列分句
归纳
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Our country has sent up anther man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters.众所周知，温室效应已经引发了很多自然灾害。
As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.
正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。
13
Step 4 as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
（1） 相同点：两者在定语从句中作主语或者宾语
（2） as,which 引导非限制定语从句的区别
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代________的内容。
位置 可位于主句_____, ___ 或者_________
意义 正如 这；那
引导的从句既可指代_______的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
引导的从句不能位于主句_______.
二、as侧重点
as常用＂正如＂含义，常用的结构有常见as引导的结构，一般位于句首，有时也位于句中或句尾
As we all know / As is well known 众所周知
As is hoped 正如所希望的
As is anticipated/expected 如所预料的
As if often the case 情况常常如此
As often happens 这种情况常常发生
As has been pointed out/mentioned 正如已经指出的/提到的
As is natural 很自然
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即学即练 用which和as填空
1. 1. My health monitor, ________ I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life.
2. _______ can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased.
3. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _______ my classmates recommended to me.
4. The number of smokers, ______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
which
As
which
as
Practice
Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. 用非限制性定语从句改写句子
EXAMPLE
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin.
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
1 We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
2 Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
We were very impressed by the old man who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, when Hitler was in power there.
Practice
3 There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
4 The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.
5 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
6 I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his
favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect，who was born in Guangzhou, China.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
Production
Work in pairs:
Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information.
EXAMPLE
I'd like to try
I'd like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough.
1 I would like to travel around...,...
2 What impressed me most...,...
3 My favourite scientist is...,...
4 Finally we arrived at...,...
5 My grandparents like...,...
6 I wish to obtain...,...
7 My best friend...,...
“Doctor,” she said loudly, breaking into the room,
_____ there was a man, “I want you to tell what is
wrong with me.” He looked at her from head to foot,
then said, “____ is shown in the mirror, I've just three
things to tell you. First, I suggest you, my lady,
_________ weight needs reducing by nearly fifty
pounds. Second, you may use 1/10 as much lipstick,
by ______ you will be prettier. And third, I’m an
artist---the doctor, ______ you are looking for, lives
downstairs.”
The Doctor Lives Downstairs
Fill in the blanks with proper link words.
【随堂练习】
which
whom
whose
where
As
做非限制性定语从句的练习时, 往往先确定先行词，然后分析先行词在从句中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。
Summary
The Non-restrictive Relative Clause
定语从句
定义：用作定语（形容词）的一个从句，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制的作用。
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语
whom指人，在从句中做宾语，不能做主语。
which只指物，不指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。
that可以指人也可以指物，在从句中做主语或宾语。
关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况
Reading and Thinking
1. Where is it
2. What is happening here
TU YOU YOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
Activity1: Recall background knowledge of Tu Youyou
1. Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize
2. How much do you know about her
Activity1: Recall the background knowledge of Tu Youyou
a committed scientist
discovered
artemisinin
treat
malaria
saved
die from
millions of lives
Activity2: Explore the writing style and the content
1. Where would you most likely find this passage
A. In a blog .
B. In a book .
C. In a letter .
D. In a newspaper
2. How to read passages like this
Title
Lead-in
Body
Ending
Activity2: Explore the writing style and the content
Title
Lead-in
Body
Ending
ellipsis in the title
when
where
who
what
why
Tu Youyou
This year (6 October 2015)
was awarded the Nobel Prize
for the discovery of artemisinin
how
How was artemisinin discovered
Tu's attitudes
Stockholm Concert Hall
Activity2: Explore the writing style and the content
Title
Lead-in
Body
Ending
3. Passages like this are most often written in_____and ____
A. the active voice\ offer many opinions
B. the person\ talk about feelings
C. both active and passive voices \ mostly contain facts
4. Which two pieces of information were not included in the passage
A.
B.
C. Tu Youyou's important contributions other than the
discovery of artemisinin.
D. Tu Youyou's personal life.
E.
F.
G.
facts
third
first
A quote from Tu Youyou
The details of how artemisinin was discovered
Tu Youyou's road to discovering artemisinin
What Tu Youyou was awarded.
Why artemisinin is an important discovery.
A quote from Tu Youyou
What Tu Youyou was awarded
Why artemisinin is an important discovery.
The details of how artemisinin was discovered
Tu Youyou's road to discovering artemisinin
News reports should be objective
News facts should be relevant to the topic
1930
succeeded in discovering artemisinin
1955
Chosen to be the first researchers to discover a new treatment for malaria.
Graduated from Peking University Medical School
1969
Born in Ningbo, China
1971
Became the head of the project in Beijing and decided to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
1967
Tu and her discovery
2015
Activity3: Explore the road to the discovery
1. Find out what happened to Tu Youyou in the following years.
2. Retell it by the key words.
crucial years
Activity3: Explore the road to the discovery
3. Complete the flow chart.Then tell the story of how artemisinin was discovered.
Tu's team examined _____________________,and evaluated ____________
from 1969
to 1971
They found a medical text suggesting______________________
They tested_______________
They tried _________________________________ but_______________.
They used a __________________________ the sweet wormwood extract.
They tested the medicine___________________ to see if safe.
They tested the medicine on ________________
The medicine became _________________ for malaria
over 2000 old medical texts
280,000 plants
using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
dried wormwood leaves
boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid
this didn't work either
lower temperature to draw out
on themselves
malaria patients
a standard treatment
4. What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood
5. Why is the discovery of artimisinin important
Artemisinin has saved of lives, and has led to improved health for of people.
now
hundreds of thousands
millions
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
crucial\ vital
Activity4: Explore the great qualities of Tu Youyou
Tu's team examined _____________________,and evaluated ____________
They found a medical text suggesting______________________
They tested_______________
They tried _________________________________ but_______________.
They used a __________________________ the sweet wormwood extract.
They tested the medicine___________________ to see if safe.
They tested the medicine on ________________
The medicine became _________________ for malaria
over 2000 old medical texts
280,000 plants
using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
dried wormwood leaves
boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid
this didn't work either
lower temperature to draw out
on themselves
malaria patients
a standard treatment
1.What qualities do Tu and her team show in the process of discovering artemisinin
Artemisinin has saved of lives, and has led to improved health for of people.
hundreds of thousands
millions
patient
cautious
team
spirit
perseverant
committed
Activity5: Explore the language features of a news story
1.How does the writer prove Tu Youyou is committed and patient
Activity5: Explore the language features of a news story
Please underline the sentences about Tu Youyou's achievements
The present perfect tense highlights the positive effects of Tu's achievements and contributions
Activity6: Practise
Role-play:Suppose you were a reporter and your deskmate were Tu Youyou. Please make an interview with her after she was awarded the Nobel Prize. (Make sure to take notes of how artemisinin was discovered.)
Activity6: Practise
Presentation: Please report the news story to the audience.
How was artemisinin discovered
Assignment: Explore the meaning of achievement
1.Do you think Tu Youyou is a woman of
achievement Why
2.How to become a man of achievement
cquire as much as basic knowledge from now on.
ontinue working at it after you fully understand it.
ug any difficulty you may come across on your way to explore it.
gnore such an opinion that you will fail.
mploy yourself in it.
alue any chance to get close to it even if you have to give up something else.
ncourage the rest of the world to fully understand and respect it.
C
H
I
E
V
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A
THANK YOU