定语从句（29张PPT）

(共29张PPT)
定语从句Ⅰ
定语从句定义
关系词的选用
定语从句分类
定语从句定义
定语：用于修饰、限定、说明名词、代词的品质或特征。定语位于被所修饰的词前，叫前置定语；位于所修饰的词后，叫后置定语。
猫（可爱的猫）
书包（我的书包）
女孩（善良的女孩）
警察（男警察）
1. The boy behind the tree is Tom.
2. I like your blue coat.
1. The woman who is talking with my mother is our English teacher.
2. I have a book whose cover is red.
定语从句定义
定语从句：用于修饰名词、代词或整个主句的句子。被修饰的词称作先行词，连接主句和从句的词称作关系词。
关系词的作用：连接主句和从句；在从句中重复指代先行词的含义；并在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系词的选用
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词：who, whom whose, that, which
关系副词：when, where, why
选用关系词的依据：根据先行词以及关系词在定语从句中所做的成分决定。
1.找先行词，先行词是人，关系词可用who/ that/ whom/ whose;
先行词是物，关系词用which/ that/ whose。
I have a sister who/ that works in Chengdu.
关系词的选用
2.判断关系词在从句中所担当的成分（主、宾、定、状）
如果关系词在从句中作主、宾、定，则在关系代词里选择具体的关系词；
a.先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，关系代词用 who/ that
b.先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作宾语，关系代词用 whom/ that
d.先行词指人/物，且关系词在从句中作定语，关系代词用 whose
c.先行词指物，无论关系词在从句中作主、宾语，关系代词用which/ that
whose 表所属关系，意为“……的”
关系词的选用
2.判断关系词在从句中所担当的成分（主、宾、定、状）
关系词在从句中作状语，则在关系副词里选择具体的关系词；
a.表示地点，关系副词用 where
b.表示时间，关系副词用 when
c.表示原因，关系副词用 why
注意：关系副词when, where可以替换成相应的介词+which; why可以替换为for which
关系词的选用
1. He is a man often helps others.
2. He is the man you are looking for.
3. I know the doctor son is my classmate.
4. The book cover is red is mine.
5. I will never forget the day I first went abroad.
6. I found a peaceful place we can study.
7. I know the reason she was so angry.
who/ that
whom/ that
whose
whose
when/ on which
where/ in which
why/ for which
关系词的选用
定语从句中谓语动词形式要跟先行词保持一致。（定语从句时态不受主句时态影响。）
The boy who is tall is Tom.
There are the trees which were planted last year.
The woman who spoke at the meeting yesterday is my aunt.
注意
以下情况，关系代词只能使用that
1.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰
This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.
The first letter that I got from him will be kept forever.
2. 先行词是something, anything, nothing等不定代词
Here is something that I will tell you.
注意
4.先行词中即有人又有物。
They talk about people and things that they met.
I have eaten all the food that you gave to me.
3. 先行词被 few, little, much, any, all, some, no, the only, the last 等修饰。
5. 主句中已有who或which
Who is the man that was praised at the meeting.
以下情况，关系代词只能使用that
注意
关系代词只能使用who
1.先行词是anyone, someone, those
Is there anyone who wants to go there.
2. there be句型中，先行词指人，关系词只用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
定语从句的分类
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用，与主句联系紧密，不能用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充、说明作用，与主句联系比较松散，用逗号隔开。
限定性定语从句的用法：
1.先行词前有表类别的不定冠词
He is a man who deserves our trust.
2.先行词前有定冠词
She is the girl who told me the news.
3.先行词前有all, no, some, every等不定代词
Any man who smokes cigarettes is risking his health.
定语从句的分类
非限定性定语从句的用法：
1.先行词是专有名词、被物主代词或指示代词修饰
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
2.修饰整个主句，此时从句谓语动词用相应三单形式
Tom drove too fast, which was dangerous.
Test Yourself
1. The red skirt _______ my mother bought for me is made of cotton.
A. that
B. when
C. who
D. whose
2. The stories _______ were wirtten by Mark Twain are often humorous（幽默的）.
A. that
B. those
C. who
D. what
3. I have a friend ______ has a good camera.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. he
4. Do you work near the buildng _____ color is yellow.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. whose
5. It sounds like a train ______ is going under my house.
A. who
B. which
C. /
D. whom
6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn.
A. which
B. /
C. that
D. it
7. Do you remember the day ______ I came to you to borrow a dictionary.
A. in which
B. which
C. when
D. where
8. She still remembers the days _____ she spent in the countryside.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. during which
Back
定语从句Ⅱ
定语从句
介词+关系词
whose的替换
关系词的省略
Back
The man _________ you spoke to is Tom.
The man ____________ you spoke is Tom.
定语从句中，有“介词+关系词”结构引导定语从句。
关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语（介词之后的名词、代词），把介词和关系词提到定语从句前，引导定语从句。
whom
to whom
Back
关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语，把介词和关系词提到定语从句前，引导定语从句。
不是所有作介词宾语的关系词都可以换成“介词+关系词”的结构来引导定语从句。如果动词和介词所构成的动词短语无法拆分，则不能用“介词+关系词”引导。
look for, look after, get off, put off, （不能拆分）
listen to, live in, write to, speak to, talk with, （能拆分）
Back
1. He is the man _____________ you are looking for.
2. This is the place ________________ she lives in.
3. She is my best friend ________________ our teacher is talking with.
4. That is a little boy __________ my mother is looking after.
whom
which/ in which
whom/ with whom
whom
Test Yourself
Back
关系词可省略的情况
1. 限定性定语从句中，关系词作宾语/介词宾语但介词无法/没有提前，关系词可省略。
The person whom you should write to is Mr. Black. (whom可省略）
The person to whom you should write is Mr. Black. (whom不可省略）
2. 关系词作表语，可省略。
This is the place that it used to be.
Back
whose引导定语从句，作定语。whose = of which/ whom
I like girls ____________ hair is black and long.
whose
女生的头发
the girls’ hair
the hair of the girls
前置
后置
whose
whom
of whom
I like books ____________ covers are shiny.
whose
书的封面
the books’ covers
the covers of the books
前置
后置
whose
of which
which
从句名词前有the 用of结构，无the，用whose
of结构的位置：从句名词前后均可
Back
1. Do you know the doctor ________________ son is my classmate.
2. Do you know the doctor ____________________ the son is my classmate.
3. Do you know the doctor the son ________________ is my classmate.
4. We lived in a house __________ window faces south.
5. We lived in a house ___________ the window faces south.
6. We lived in a house the window _________ faces south.
whose
whose
of whom
of whom
of which
of which
Test Yourself
Back
1. Can you tell me the name of the factory _________ you visited last week
A. what
B. where
C. /
D. when
2. I can never forget the day _____ we worked together and the day ___ we spent together.
A. on which; when
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. when; which
Test Yourself
Back
3. I still remember the day ______ I first came to the college
A. at which
B. in which
C. on which
D. which
4. That is the reason _____ he hasn’t here yesterday.
A. which
B. why
C. on which
D. in which
Back
5. There were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had whiped her hands.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
6. Is this the school _____ you worked during the summer vacation
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. in which
Back
7. Our department has a large collection of books, _______ are in English.
A.many of which
B. many of them
C. many ones
D. their many
8. On April 1st they flew to Beijing, ________ they stayed several days.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. there
Back
9. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
10. In 2015 he caught a serious illness, from _____ effect he still suffers.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. what