(共54张PPT)
01
考点解读
02
03
04
考点梳理
真题剖析
实战提分
第二章
第四节 介词和介词短语
01
考点解读
02
考点梳理
考点梳理
(一)介词的定义和功能
介词是一种虚词,用在名词、名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构前,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其他词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
如:The woman over there is John's teacher.
The plane will arrive in two hours.
Alice is from Canada.
I found him in a hurry.
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
1. 表示时间的介词 ★★★★★
介词 用 法
at 用于时刻、钟点和一些规定搭配中;用在具体的时间点之前。如:at five o’clock, at noon, at the age of …, at first等。
in 用在年,月,季节之前;用在表泛指的上午、下午、晚上之前。如:in July, in the afternoon, in winter等。
on 用在星期之前;用在具体某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前,或者公共节假日前。如:on Monday, on the afternoon of July 2nd, on National Day等。
until 表示“直到”,not until意为“直到…才…”。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
介词 用 法
since 表示“自从”,后跟表示过去的时间点时,通常和现在完成时连用。
during 表示“在…期间”,指特定的某一段时间,常与一般过去时连用。如:during the night
from 和to搭配,from…to… 表示“从…到…”。如:from 3:30 to 5:30
by 表示“在…之前”、“不迟于…”。 如:by five o’clock
before 表示“在…之前”,反义词是after。除了可以用作介词外,还可以做副词和连词。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法 2. 表示方位的介词★★★★
介词 用 法
at 用在比较小的地点之前。如:at the airport,at the school gate等。
in 用在比较大的地点之前或某一个范围之内。如:in Shanghai,in our school等。
on 用于表示在某个物体的表面。如:on the desk,on the blackboard等。
behind 用于表示在某个物体后面,“在…后面”。如:behind the door,behind the tree等。
under 用于表示在某个物体下面,“在…下面”。如:under the bed。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
介词 用 法
beside 用于表示在某个物体旁边,“在…旁边”。如:beside the road。
by 用于表示在某个物体旁边,“在…旁边;靠近”。如:by the window。
near 表示“在…附近”。如:near the park。
next to 表示“靠近、紧挨着”。如:next to the hospital。
from 与to 搭配,from…to… 表示“从…到…”。如:from Shanghai to Beijing。
考点梳理
【注意】 in是常见的介词,还有如下的用法
in + 颜色/服装 此时in表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。
如:Mary is in blue today.
in + 语言 此时in表示“用某种语言”。
如:Tom can write a letter in English.
in + 时间段 表示“从现在起,多长时间之后”,多用于将来时。
如:in a week 一个星期后。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词 ★★★★
(1)表示方式
by by +交通工具。如:by bus,by train,by bike,by ship等。
on,in on/in +限定词+交通工具。如:on a boat,
in his car等。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词 ★★★★
(2)表示手段或工具
with 和具体的工具搭配。
by 表示“通过;以…的方式或手段”,其后常跟动名词。
in 和语言、声音等材料搭配。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
4.其他常考介词的基本用法★★★
for 表示“为了…”。如:They fought for the country. 他们为国而战。
of 表示“…的”,构成所有格形式。如:a map of China一幅中国地图。
about 表示“关于”。如:a book about flowers一本关于花的书本。
考点梳理
(二)介词的分类及用法
4.其他常考介词的基本用法★★★
with 表示“带有,具有”;“和…在一起”。如: a house with a garden一个带花园的房子。
with-out 表示“无,没有”。如:Fish can’t live without water. 鱼没有水活不了。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
between 表示“在 …(两者)之间”。如:between you and me在你和我之间。
among 表示“在 …(三者或三者以上)之间”。
如:among the students在同学们之间。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外,反义词是behind。如:in front of the building在这栋楼的前面。
in the front of 表示“在…的前部”,在某个范围以内。
如:in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
on 表示“在…上面”,强调表面接触。反义词是beneath。
over 表示“在…上方”,强调在垂直的上面。反义词是under。
above 表示“在…上方”,可能在垂直的上方,也可能不在垂直的上方,只表示上下的位置关系。反义词是below。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
across 表示“从表面穿过”,通常与road,street,river等搭配。
through 表示“立体空间穿过”,通常与window,channel,city,town等搭配。
over 表示“越过高的物体”,通常与wall,mountain等搭配。
past 表示“从旁边经过”,也可以用于时间上的“超过”和空间上的“经过”。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
for 后跟时间段,常用来说明动作延续的时间长度。如:for three years长达三年。
since 后跟时间点,常用来说明动作起始的时间。如:since two days ago自从两天前。
考点梳理
(三)常考的易混介词及介词短语★★★
besides 表示“除了…之外还有”,表示累计关系。
except 表示“除了”,表示排除关系。
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
1. 介词与动词的的搭配(动词+介词,也称动词短语)
at look at看着 laugh at嘲笑 knock at 敲打 shout at对…大喊 point at 指着
for pay for支付 look for寻找 ask for 要求 leave for 动身前往 wait for 等待
on go on 继续 call on 拜访 get on 上车 depend on 依靠 pass on 传递
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
1. 介词与动词的的搭配(动词+介词,也称动词短语)
with agree with 同意 argue with 与…争论
begin with 从…开始
about think about 思考 worry about担心 care about关心
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
2. 介词与形容词的搭配(be +形容词+介词)
of be proud of为…感到骄傲
be full of 充满 be afraid of 害怕
for be famous for因…而出名 be ready for 为…作好准备 be late for 迟到
in be interested in对…感兴趣
be strict in 在…要求严格
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
2. 介词与形容词的搭配(be +形容词+介词)
at be good at 擅长 be angry at 对……气愤be surprised at 对……感到惊讶
with withbe busy with 忙于
be strict with 对……要求严格
be angry with 对……生气
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
3. 介词与名词的搭配(介词+名词)
in in time及时 in the end最后
in trouble陷入困境 in the distance 在远处
on on time按时 on foot步行 on sale出售
on business 因公出差 on duty值班
by by bus乘公共汽车 by mistake错误地
by chance 偶然 by hand 用手
考点梳理
(四)介词的固定搭配★★★★★
3. 介词与名词的搭配(介词+名词)
at at breakfast在早餐时 at the weekend在周末at the same time同时
of out of breath 喘不过气来
out of danger 脱离危险 of course 当然
for for example 例如 for a moment 一会儿for instance举例说
03
真题剖析
真题链接
【例1】(2020年百色)Hong Kong is_____the south of China, and it's one of the busiest cities in the world.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
【解析】此题考查方位介词辨析。句意:香港是在中国的南部,它是世界上最繁忙的城市之一。in在……里,表示“在……范围之内”,后接大地点;on两地接壤,是相邻关系;at在……附近、旁边,其后跟小地点;to在某范围之外,强调是远离关系。根据常识可知香港是中国的一部分,所以应用in,故选A。
真题链接
【例2】(2019年贵港) —Is Mr. Green at school
—Sorry, I don't know. But you can call him ______340-5261.
A. in B. with C. by D. at
【解析】此题考查方式介词辨析。句意:“—格林先生在学校吗 —对不起,我不知道,但你可以给他打这个电话340-5261。”in在……之内;with用、和……在一起;by通过、被、由;at在、以、向,四者都是介词。短语 call sb at... 意为“以……给某人打电话”,可知空格用at,因此答案应是at,故选D。
真题链接
【例3】(2021年宿迁)The Communist Party of China will have its 100th birthday______July 1, 2021.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
【解析】in+年、月、季节等;on+具体到某一天;for+时间段;at+时间点。根据其后的时间 July 1,2021,可知是具体到2021年的7月1日,故用on。故选B。
真题链接
【例4】(2021年桂林)There is a new TV _____the wall.
A. at B. of C. on
【解析】at在……,of……的,on在……上。on the wall表示“在墙上”。故选C。
真题链接
【例5】(2020年株洲)The opening of our new school will be______the morning of Friday, July 24th at 10:00 o'clock.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
【解析】此题考查时间介词辨析。句意:我们的新学校将于7月24日星期五上午10:00开学。at用在具体时间前;on在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上;in在某年某月或某个季节;from表示从……到……。根据“the morning of Friday July 24th. 7月24日星期五上午”,可知此处指的是在具体某一天的上午,所以用介词on,故选B。
真题链接
【例6】You must always be careful____electricity. It's dangerous.
A. to B. at C. for D. with
【解析】此题考查介词与形容词的搭配。句意:你必须时刻小心用电,它很危险。“be careful with”结构的意思为“对……注意(警惕)”,其他的介词与“be careful”搭配均不能表达准确的意思。根据题干中的“It's dangerous”,可知应用介词with,故选D。
易错剖析
【例1】(2020年河北)It's very kind____ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
【解析】此题容易误选B。此题考查介词在句型“It+be+形容词+ of /for sb+to do sth”中的固定搭配。句中形容词kind是修饰you,而不是修饰后面的to lend me your reusable shopping bags这个事情,所以应该用of,而不能用for,故正确答案应选A。
易错剖析
【例2】(2020年黔南)There is going to be an English movie in our school_____the evening of June 30.
A. at B. in C. for D. on
【解析】此题容易误选B。此题考查时间介词辨析。句意:“在6月30日的晚上我们学校将会上映一部英语电影。” at后跟时间点;in泛指在上午、下午或晚上,以及年代、月份、季节前;for后跟一段时间;on在具体某一天或具体某一天的三个时间段(上午、下午或晚上)。空格后指的是6月30日的晚上,应用介词on,故正确答案选D。
易错剖析
【例3】(2020年天津)It is going to rain. Take an umbrella _____you.
A. with B. at C. in D. on
【解析】此题容易误选D。此题考查表示伴随的介词辨析。句意:“要下雨了,你带把伞。”with和;at指具体的点;in在……里面;on在……上面,一般与物体表面有接触。根据“Take an umbrella”可知此处表示伴随关系,应用介词with,故正确答案应选A。
易错剖析
【例4】—Did you go to the exhibition yesterday
—Of course. There were many kinds of foreign food_______.
A. on time B. on business
C. on duty D. on show
【解析】此题容易误选B。此题考查介词短语的辨析。句意:“—你昨天去展览会了吗 —当然去了,展览会上有许多外国食物在展出。”on time按时,on business出差,on duty值日,on show展出。根据句意,应该是foreign food on show,故正确答案为D。
易错剖析
【例5】(2020年铜仁) —How 1ong have you had the cell phone, Kangkang
—I've had it_____two months. It helps me a lot.
A. for B. since C. in D. on
【解析】此题容易误选C。此题考查时间介词的辨析。句意:“—康康,你买这个电话多久了 —我买了两个月了。它对我有很大帮助。” 介词结构“for+一段时间”意为“多长时间”;“since+过去的时间”意为“自从……时间”;“in+ 一段时间”表示“多久以后”;on表示具体的某一天。根据提问,可知此处回答“两个月”,故正确答案为A。
易错剖析
【例6】(2019年凉山) —Look, there is a cute bird, Mom.
—It flew into our kitchen_____the window just now, Alex.
A. across B. through C. above D. under
【解析】此题容易误选A。此题考查方位介词的辨析。句意“—妈妈,看,有一个可爱的小鸟。—亚历克斯,它刚刚穿过窗户飞进我们的厨房。” across穿过(从表面穿过);through穿过(从内部穿过);above在……上面(不一定是正上方);under在……下面(正下方)。根据句意可知,小鸟穿过窗户内部飞进来,应用介词through,故正确答案为B。
04
实战提分
基础过关
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.(2019年大连)The Silk Road has been a bridge between the East and the West____over 2,000 years.
A. at B. for C. in D. from
2.(2019年鞍山)Easter is always on a Sunday ____March 22nd and April 25th.
A. on B. in C. between D. beside
3. 2019年莱芜)We communicate ____each other in many ways, such as by email or by phone.
A. on B. through C. in D. with
基础过关
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
4. (2019年本溪) —Shall we stop and wait for others
—Sounds good. I think they will catch up____a few minutes.
A. in B. during C. after D. for
5. (2020年北京)Usually I make breakfast for my family_____Saturdays.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
基础过关
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
6.(2019年上海)Frank held his breath____ the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.
A. at B. by C. over D. under
7.(2019年云南)My mother often says,“Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud_____who you are. ”
A. of B. with C. at D. in
8. (2019年徐州)I'll be at home Sunday___morning. You can phone me then.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
基础过关
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
9.(2019年盘锦)John often takes a walk_____ his grandpa after dinner.
A. to B. for C. along D. with
10. (2019年呼和浩特)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat_____heavily the windows.
A. against B. across C. above D. below
拓展提升
(一)单词拼写。根据括号内所给的中文提示,正确拼写出适当的介词。
1.The picture is ______(在) the wall.
2.Gina's father is ______(大约) forty years old.
3.I go to school______(在) seven o'clock every day.
4.She was standing _________(在……之间) Alice and Mary.
5.Many students do homework________(用) pens in middle school.
on
about
at
between
with
拓展提升
(一)单词拼写。根据括号内所给的中文提示,正确拼写出适当的介词。
6.Tom's shoes are________(在……下面) the bed.
7.Here is a nice photo _______(……的) my family.
8.The bank of China is _______(在) front of the post office.
9.Our foreign teacher Mark is_______ (来自) England.
10._______(在……以后) five days the boy came back by himself.
under
of
in
from
After
拓展提升
(二)介词填空。根据句子意思,在横线上填入适当的介词。
1. Thanks_______your letter.
2. We have socks_______ all colors.
3. Please turn_______the lights when you leave the room.
4. He often does his homework_______home.
5. He usually watches football game_______TV.
6. I really want_______go to the USA.
7. I like coffee_______milk.
8. It's not polite to talk _______an girl's age.
9. My parents usually go to the park_______supper.
10. My father is strict_______me my study.
for
in
off
at
on
to
with
about
with
in
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Frank is an independent boy.His parents are proud____him.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
2. —What are you doing
—I'm looking____the kids.They should be back for dinner now.
A. After B. at C. for D. up
3. The 3-D film The Aquaman opened in Chinese cinemas_____ December 7 th, 2018.
A. on B. at C. in D. to
4. Computers provide us_____a better life.
A. to B. with C. for D. in
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
5. It's very important_____us to make a plan before a new term begins.
A. for B. of C. with D. by
6. —Excuse me, sir. Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you
—Oh,sorry.I took it_____.Mine is over there under the chair.
A. at once B. on time C. by mistake D. in all
7. Lucy lived in Beijing from 2015 _____2020.
A. on B. to C. at D. of
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
8. I want to learn a second foreign language_____English.
A. except B. beside C. besides D. except for
9. Yesterday our headmaster made a speech_____environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.
A. on B. at C. to D. with
10. My English teacher always comes into the classroom_____a smile on her face.
A. by B. for C. on D. with
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
11. I'm looking after my cousin today.She's been in my house _____11:00 this morning.
A. at B. since C. for D. till
12. Don't stay outside_____such a windy evening. Let's go in to enjoy tea.
A. on B. in C. from D. to
13._____the capital of Guangxi,Nanning is famous _____its beautiful environment.
A. On; as B. In; for C. At; as D. As; for
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
14.To my great joy, my family is always _____me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind B. to C. from D. against
15. The monkey was _____the other side of the door and looked at Dr. Morgan _____the keyhole.
A. on;across B.on;through C.in;through D.in;across
16. —Who is the space scientist from Beijing?
—The man_____white over there. He's of medium height.
A. with B. of C. for D. in
拓展提升
(三)单项选项。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
17.Mrs.King put a coat____the sleeping girl to keep her warm.
A. behind B. beside C. over D. with
18.Humans can't live____air and water.
A. without B. against C.through D. from
19.You need to pay 500 RMB ____for all the things.
A. in fact B. in person C. in total D. in trouble
20.All of you went the zoo ____ Wang Hui.She had to look after her grandpa.
A. besides B. except C. with D. beside
本 课 结 束