2022年中考英语 考点专项突破课件： 第二章 第八节 冠词(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
01
考点解读
02
03
04
考点梳理
真题剖析
实战提分
第八节 冠词
01
考点解读
02
考点梳理
（一）冠词的概述和分类 ★★★
冠词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，要放在名词之前用来帮助说明名词所指的含义。冠词可以分为两种：一种是不定冠词a，an;另一种是定冠词the。
1. 不定冠词一般放在单数可数名词之前。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，注意不是以元音字母开头，因为有些以元音字母开头的单词并不以元音发音。如：a boy，a desk，a university，an“M”，an apple, an hour, an 8?year?old boy。
（一）冠词的概述和分类 ★★★
2. 定冠词既可用于可数名词的单复数前，又可用于不可数名词之前，表示特指。如： the boy这个男孩，the books这些书，the food这些食物。
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
1. 不定冠词a，an的基本用法 ★★★★★
用法 例句或例词
表示数量“一”的概念 I have a computer.
This is an old picture.
表示“每一”的概念 I go to the cinema once a month.
(a month=every month)
指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物，表示的是一类人或事物 A reporter wants to see you.
A man is waiting for you downstairs.
第一次提到某人或某物时要用不定冠词 There is an old man under the tree. The man is our headmaster.
用于某些固定搭配中 a lot, a lot of, a few, a bit, a pair of, a moment, have a good time, in a hurry, at a time, have a rest
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
2. 定冠词the的基本用法 ★★★★★
用法 例句或例词
特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 The girl in red is Lucy.
The capital of China is Beijing.
指说话双方彼此都知道的人或事物 Please pass me the pen.
Where did you find the knife
指上文提到的人或事物 Tomorrow we'll have a meeting and the meeting will begin at eight.
用在世界上或一定范围内独一无二的事物前 the sun, the earth, the sky, the universe
The earth goes round the sun.
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
2. 定冠词the的基本用法 ★★★★★
用法 例句或例词
用在序数词、形容词最高级及方位名词前 the first, the heaviest, in the west, in the north China is one of the biggest countries in the world.
“the+形容词”可表示“某一类人” the young, the old, the poor, the rich
We should help the poor.
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前 the Yellow River, the West Lake
用在一些习惯用语中 in the morning, in the future, in the evening, by the way, in the daytime
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
3. 零冠词（不用冠词）的主要用法 ★★★★
(1)零冠词就是不用冠词。一般来说，不可数名词和可数名词用复数表示泛指时不用冠词。如：They are students.
(2)名词前已有this, that, my, your, his, her, their, our, some, any等修饰语时。如：This book is very interesting.
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
(3)在某些固定搭配中。如：by bus, by plane, by air, by sea, on foot, at home, at night, at noon, go to school, go to bed。
(4)在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如：have breakfast，have lunch，have dinner，play basketball，play football，study English。
（二）冠词的用法 ★★★★★
(5)在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如：Teachers' Day，on Monday，in March，in winter。
(6)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Mr Green，Uncle Wang，Dad，Mum。
03
真题剖析
真题链接
【例1】—How often do you play tennis
—Twice week. And I often play it in ____sports center in our school.
A. the;／ B. a; an
C. an; the D. a; the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：“你多久打一次网球？”“一周两次。我经常在学校的操场打球。”其中，a表示“一个”，放在以辅音音素开头的单词前面；an表示“一个”，放在以元音音素开头的单词前面；the表“这个”，是特指。根据“in our school”是介词短语，修饰sports center，也就是特指我们学校的运动场。故答案选D。

真题链接
【例2】Carols uncle has egg and some bread for his breakfast every morning?
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】考查冠词an。an表示“一个”，用于以元音音素开头的单词前面。egg鸡蛋的第一个发音是/e/，为元音音素。故答案选B。

真题链接
【例3】—Do you know how to spell word “napkin”
—Yes. It begins with “n”?
A. the; a B. the; an
C. a; the D. the; the
【解析】句意：你知道如何拼写napkin(纸巾)这个单词吗？这里表示特指，用定冠词the。该单词以字母“n”开头，读音是/en/，为元音音素，用an。故答案选B。

真题链接
【例4】Yao Ming is excellent basketball player.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】 excellent以元音音素开头，其前面不定冠词用an。故答案选B。

真题链接
【例5】Give me book next to the TV set and I also need ____pencil.
A. a; the B. the; a
C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】the表示特指，指挨着电视机的那本书。第二个设空处则表示泛指，因此答案选B。

易错剖析
【例1】Tom is honest boy, we all love him.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】通常不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。单词honest的第一个读音是元音，但多数学生认为h是辅音字母，容易用不定冠词a来修饰。故答案选B。

易错剖析
【例2】—Can you play piano
—Yes, I can?
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】演奏乐器前要用定冠词the来修饰。故答案选C。

易错剖析
【例3】—What do you like best
—I like playing basketball best.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】在此题中，只要学生记住了下面的口诀，就知道了本题的答案。
下列情况不用冠词：
球类、学科和三餐，专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前，交通手段和节日，习俗称谓和头衔。所以答案为D。

04
实战提分
基础过关
写出下列短语的英文表达。
1. 一只盒子 2. 一块手表
3. 太阳 4. 第一
5. 长江 6. 年轻人
7. 早上 8. 白天
9. 许多 10. 一双
a box
a watch
the sun
the first
the Yangtze River
the young
in the morning
in the daytime
a lot of
a pair
拓展提升
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. （2020年上海)Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half ____hour at the night market.
A. a B. an C. the D. ／
2. （2020年青岛）What unusual school trip we had! I will never forget it.
A. a B. an C. the D. ／


拓展提升
3. （2020年哈尔滨）—Candy, I have a toothache. What should I do
—You'd better see a dentist and get X-ray.
A. an B. a C. ／
4. （2020年株洲)My little brother, eight-year-old boy, is very bright.
A. a B. an C. the


拓展提升
5. （2020年湘西)I enjoy having breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed.
A. a B. the C. /
6. （2020年温州）I have dog. His name is Floppy.
A. a B. an C. the D. ／


拓展提升
7. （2020年恩施）I got a nice gift from my aunt and_______
gift was a souvenir（纪念品）from her study tour in England.
A. 不填 B. a C. the
8. （2020年天津）Lao She was great writer. He was especially famous for play Teahouse.
A. An; the B. a; the
C. an; a D. a; an


拓展提升
9. （2020年滨州）—Have you ever seen film Ne Zha.
—Yes, I have. It tells us different story of Ne Zha.
A. a; an B. an; the
C. a; the D. the; a
10. （2020年益阳) I read unusual story last night.
story is about Dr. Zhong Nanshan.
A. an; A B. a; The C. an; The


拓展提升
11. （2020年黔西南州）Beijing， capital of China，is ______
city with long history.
A. the; the B. a；a
C. the; a D. ／；the
12. （2019年沈阳）Paper is useful invention. Cai Lun invented it around 2，000 years ago.
A. a B. an
C. the D. 不填


拓展提升
13. （2019年上海）Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
14. （2019年莱芜区）—Have you ever seen new movie，The Wandering Earth（《流浪地球》）？
—Yes，and Wu Jing is my favorite actor.
A. a B. an C. the D. /


拓展提升
15. （2019年黑龙江）My cousin bought useful book for me， but I've read book before.
A. a; the B. an; a
C. an; the D. a; a

本 课 结 束