2022年中考英语 考点专项突破课件： 第二章 第十二节 简单句的基本句型(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
01
考点解读
02
03
04
考点梳理
真题剖析
实战提分
第二章
第十二节 简单句的基本句型
01
考点解读
02
考点梳理
（一）简单句的基本句型结构
（二）主谓一致
主谓一致考查的方式多种多样，常结合时态和语态来考查。
1. 语法一致原则
(1)主语和谓语通常要在语法上保持一致，主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。即谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Millie has collected a lot of books for the poor children. 米莉为贫困儿童收集了很多书。
（二）主谓一致
(2)当主语后面有with，like，except，as well as等连接的名词或代词结构时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。如：
Tom with his sisters is watching TV. 汤姆和他的姐姐们正在看电视。
All except Harry have passed the driving test. 除了哈里之外所有人都通过了驾驶考试。
（二）主谓一致
(3)“one of＋名词复数”“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
One of the girls is interested in the book. 其中一个女孩对这本书感兴趣。
The number of women teachers is 150. 女老师的数量是150人。
（二）主谓一致
(4)当一些不定代词，如：somebody（someone），something，anything，no one，everybody（everyone），each，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。如：
Something is wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出了点问题。
None of them has/have been to Beijing. 他们中没有人去过北京。
（二）主谓一致
2. 意义一致原则
意义一致也叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要根据主语所表达的概念来决定。
(1)一些集体名词，如family，class，group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果侧重于其中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family has moved to Shanghai since 2010. 我全家已经在2010年搬到了上海。
The whole class are listening to the teacher carefully. 全班同学都在认真地听老师讲课。
（二）主谓一致
(2)连词and连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示同一个人或物时，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A famous writer and a teacher are going to attend the meeting. 一位著名的作家和一名老师将会出席会议。
A famous writer and teacher is going to attend the meeting. 一位著名的作家兼老师将会出席会议。
（二）主谓一致
(3)动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
What you did today is very rude. 你今天所做的是非常粗鲁的。
（二）主谓一致
3. 就近原则
“就近一致原则”也称“邻近原则”，即谓语动词与靠近的名词、代词在人称和数上保持一致。常见的有there be，not only...but(also)...，either...or...，neither...nor...等句型。如：
There is a notebook and some pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本笔记本和一些笔。
Not only my sisters but also Helen likes bananas. 不但我的姐姐们而且海伦也喜欢香蕉。
03
真题剖析
真题链接
【例1】（2021年河池）Not only Peter but also his father _____crazy about the basketball match.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
【解析】not only…but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，离谓语最近的主语his father是第三人称，be动词用单数形式is。故选B。

真题链接
【例2】（2019年广西北部湾经济区）I usually have
_____ egg and some bread for breakfast.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
【解析】本题考查冠词。答案为B。题目句子用到了简单句，其句型结构为“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”。

真题链接
【例3】（2019年广西北部湾经济区）Look! The woman over there is our teacher. She teaches
English.
A. us B. them
C. her D. him
【解析】本题考查代词。答案为A。题目句子用到了简单句，其句型结构为“主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”。

真题链接
【例4】（2021年贺州）During the exam，_____ you are,____ mistakes you'll make.
A. the more careful； the less
B. the more careful； the fewer
C. the more careless； the less
D. the more careless； the fewer
【解析】固定句式使用the+比较级+主谓句型，意为“越……越……”。根据句意可用形容词careful小心，比较级是the more careful，修饰可数名词mistakes用fewer较少。故选B。

真题链接
【例5】（2020年贺州）There is some on the table. Would you like to drink
A. milk B. beef
C. bread D. pizza
【解析】本题考查there be句型。根据句子“Would you like to drink (你要喝点吗？)”可知，四个选项中只有milk是可以“喝”的，其他三个都只能“吃”，故答案为A。在there be的句型中，谓语动词be的单复数形式要与最靠近它的那个名词的单复数形式一致。

真题链接
【例6】（2020年贺州）My sister has friends. She often feels lonely.
A. few B. little
C. a few D. a little
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。根据句意，答案选A。句子“My sister has few friends. ”是简单句，其句型结构为“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”。“She often feels lonely. ”也是简单句，其句型结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语”。

易错剖析
【例1】Either you or I invited to the important meeting.
A. be B. is
C. am D. are
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。Either... or... (要么……要么……)连接两个并列主语，遵循就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数与离它最近的主语保持一致，此处I和am动词搭配。故答案选C，容易误选D。

易错剖析
【例2】The news very interesting! Tell me more!
A. is B. are
C. were D. be
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。答案为A，容易误选B，认为news是可数名词复数形式。事实上news是不可数名词，所以后面跟的谓语动词要用单数的形式。

易错剖析
【例3】There a book and some pens in the bag. Please give them to the old man.
A. has B. are
C. is D. have
【解析】本题考查there be句型。答案为C，容易误选B或D。There be结构中的be动词用单数还是复数，取决于离它最近的那个名词的单复数形式。

易错剖析
【例4】—Look! There are a number of apples on those trees.
—Wow！I think the number of the apples over 100.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。答案为A，容易误选B。the number of...意为“某物/人的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

易错剖析
【例5】Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play in the Name of People.
A. is B. are C. have been
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意：不但我的父母，而且姐姐也疯狂地迷上了电视剧《人民的名义》。not only ...but also ...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则。本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是my sister，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故答案选A。

04
实战提分
基础过关
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Either the students or the teacher him very well.
A. knows B. to know
C. know D. knew
2. Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》).
A. is B. are
C. am D. be


基础过关
3. —Leo, no milk or eggs in the fridge.
—Oh, I'll go and buy some right away.
A. it is B. there is
C. there are D. there was
4. The reading room very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.
A. am B. is C. are D. be


基础过关
5. —Have you got some water to drink
—Here you are. There still some in the bottle.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
6. I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian.
A. is B. am C. are D. were


基础过关
7. —Which would you like, tea or coffee
—Either OK.
A. is B. am C. are D. were
8. Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is C. are D. be


基础过关
9. Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
10. This pair of shoes not mine, but my sister's.
A. is B. are C. am D. be


拓展提升
单项选择。从下列每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. （2020年贺州）—Who can take part in our school singing competition
— Lucy Lily are OK. They're good at singing.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor
C. Not only; but also D. Both; and
2. （2019年丹东） a report about “One Belt One Road(一带一路)” in our school this weekend.
A. There used to be B. There will be
C. There is D. There was


拓展提升
3. （2020年梧州）Hangzhou is the east of China.
A. on B. in C. of D. from
4. （2020年梧州）—Which book do you prefer, Harry Potter or Treasure Island
—Harry Potter, of course. I my sister likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor
C. Not; but D. Not only; but also


拓展提升
5. （2020年梧州）—Tom, what's your dad doing
—He my bike.
A. repair B. repairs
C. is repairing D. will repair
6. The strawberries delicious. You can have a try.
A. eat B. drink
C. taste D. sound


拓展提升
7. —Is this your camera
—Yes, I it for two weeks.
A. Bought B. had
C. have had D. have bought
8. Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous.
A. not swim B. not to swim
C. to swim D. swimming


拓展提升
9. Both Betty and I planning our journey to Shanghai Disneyland.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
10. Our teacher asks us not any noise in the reading room.
A. make B. to make
C. making D. made


本 课 结 束