中考第一轮复习之_动词的概述

课件66张PPT。第28课　动词的概述真题体验( )1. I like soft and gentle music. It ________ nice.
(2012温州)
A. tastes B. looks
C. sounds D. feels　 C真题体验( )2. —Do you ________ that Nancy has been a little too
quiet these days?
—Yes. She didn't even say a word this afternoon.
(2012宁波)
A. hope B. notice
C. explain D. decideB真题体验( )3. —So many problems! I'm too tired.
—You should try to ________ them by yourself.
You're not a child any longer. (2012宁波)
A. get over B. get off
C. get on D. get intoA真题体验( )4. —Must I wait for you here?
—No, you ________． (2012滨州)
A. don't B. can't
C. mustn't D. needn'tD真题体验( )5. —Please ________ the paper, Jimmy!
—But I haven't checked it yet, Mr. Black.
(2012丽水)
A. hand in B. take out
C. look at D. go throughA考点解读 动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
考点解读 1. 第三人称单数形式的构成
(1)一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。考点解读(2)不规则变化的有have—has等。考点解读2. 现在分词的构成考点解读 3. 过去式和过去分词的构成
(1)规则变化考点解读 (2)不规则变化需单独记忆(见高频考点随身记)考向聚焦热点考向一　实义动词词义辨析 实义动词。能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1. 及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才使能句子语意完整。如love, need, want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
(1)动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday。我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
(2)动词＋宾语＋宾补
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语考向聚焦 2. 不及物动词
(1)不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不须接宾语。
如：He always studies hard. 他一直学习努力。 (study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
(2)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
(3)有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)考向聚焦【例1】　—Why don't you buy the computer?
—It's too expensive. I can't ________ it. (2012襄阳)
A. afford B. sell
C. borrow D. keep

解析：由前文“太贵了”可知“买不起”。故“can't
afford买不起”符合题意。
A考向聚焦【例2】　The Internet is so closely connected with our
daily life. Can you ________ a life without it?
(2012河南)
A. understand B. imagine
C. consider D. expect
解析：句意：互联网与我们日常生活联系如此密切，你
能想象没有它的生活吗？故“imagine想象”符合题意。B考向聚焦【例3】　—Jim, can you ________ this word in Chinese?
—Yes, I can________ a little Chinese. (2012咸宁)
A. speak; say B. say; speak
C. tell; speak D. talk; say
解析：考查动词词义辨析。speak后接语言，say后接
讲话的内容，tell常用于短语tell sb.sth.中，talk
常用于短语talk with 或talk about 中；speak
Chinese＝say... in Chinese。B考向聚焦【例4】　I ________ some of my free time playing
basketball for my school team. (2011天津)
A. spend B. cost
C. take D. pay
解析：考查动词词义辨析。都表示“花费”。spend以
人做主语，后与on或(in) doing搭配；cost以物做主
语；it takes sb. some time to do sth. 为固定句
式；pay以人做主语，常与for搭配。A考向聚焦热点考向二　系动词和助动词的用法 1. 系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am, is, are, was, were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep, stay, remain, stand等；表象系动词有look, seem, appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel, smell, sound, taste；表变化的系动词有become, get, grow, turn等。考向聚焦 2. 助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。考向聚焦【例5】　The cloth ________ very soft and comfortable.
(2012天津)
A. smells B. tastes
C. feels D. sounds
解析：与布料相关的系动词应用“feel摸起来”。C考向聚焦【例6】　—Do you like watching TV?
—No, but my brother ________．
A. does B. do
C. is D. likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，
以免重复。my brother为第三人称，故“does”符
合题意。A考向聚焦【例7】　—Why do you keep the windows open on
such a cold day?
—There are so many students here, so we want to
keep the air nice and ________．
A. cold B. dry
C. cool D. clean
解析：句意：这么冷的天气你为什么敞着窗户？
这里有许多学生，所以我想让空气干净。D考向聚焦热点考向三　情态动词的用法 情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1. can(could)
(1)表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to 的基本意义相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
(2)表可能性。
(3)表许可。口语中可代替may。
(4)can't 表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。考向聚焦 2. may(might)
(1)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
(2)表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3. must
(1)表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to, 意为“不必”。
注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must 本身的否定形式mustn't意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。考向聚焦
(2)表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定的多。
4. would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like, love连用。
5. should
(1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
(2)表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。考向聚焦【例8】　—________ I do the laundry first?
—No, you ________. You can do your homework
first. (2012黄冈)
A. Must; mustn't B. Can; mustn't
C. Must; needn't D. May; needn't
解析：句意：我必须先洗衣服吗？不，没必要，你可
以先做作业。以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用
needn't。C考向聚焦【例9】　Tom, you ________ play with the knife.
You________ hurt yourself. (2012咸宁)
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may
C. shouldn't; must D. can't; should
解析：句意：你不应该玩小刀，你可能伤到自己。B考向聚焦【例10】　—Whose shoes are these?
—They ________ be Mike's. They are much too large
for him. (2012宜宾)
A. might B. may
C. mustn't D. can't
解析：由下文“它们对他来说太大”可知“它们不可能
是Mike的”。can't表否定推测。D考向聚焦【例11】　________ you dance? We need some more
actors for the talent show. (2012枣庄)
A. Need B. Shall
C. Must D. Can
解析：句意：你会跳舞吗？我们需要更多的演员参加
天才表演。故“can表能力”符合题意。D考向聚焦热点考向四　动词短语 动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词组。其意义上与原来动词不同。
1. 动词短语的分类：
(1)动词＋介词
arrive in(at), ask for, begin with, be from, come from, get to, laugh at, look for, send for, wait for
(2)及物动词＋副词
find out, give up, look up(查找), put on, pick up, ring up, take off(脱下), take away, turn on, turn off, think over考向聚焦 (3)不及物动词＋副词
get up, go on, grow up, set off, stand up, take off(起飞)
(4)动词＋副词＋介词
get on(along) with, catch up with, come up with, go on with, look forward to
(5)动词＋名词＋介词
take part in, make friends with, take care of
(6)be＋形容词＋介词
be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about考向聚焦 2. 常用动词归纳：
(1)look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着。
look up抬头看，在……查找；look into调查；look out当心；look out of从……往外看。
look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through透过……看；浏览。
(2)put短语
put off推迟；put on穿上，上演；put away把……暂时收起来。
put out扑灭；put down写下； put back 放回；put up举起，建造，张贴。考向聚焦 (3)turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点。
turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn...into...把……变成……。
(4)get短语
get on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马); get off下车(船、飞机、马); get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱。
get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会。考向聚焦 (5)take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出。
take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起。
(6)agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)。
agree to do sth.同意做某事。考向聚焦 (7)go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/ dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营。
go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登。
go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去； go on继续； go through经历；go to school去上学；go home 回家；go to the doctor去看医生。考向聚焦 (8)come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家； come into use开始使用； come on 快！得啦；跟着来；加油。
(9)give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降。考向聚焦 (10)make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步； make friends with与……交朋友； make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸。
(11)be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好； be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎； be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in 对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……有名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；考向聚焦be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；
be thankful/grateful to对某人感激； be good for 对……有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于； be full of/filled with装满了；be late for……迟到；be covered with覆盖着。
(12)call短语
call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象，号召；call back回电话； call up打电话，使回忆起；call for叫某人同往某处。考向聚焦【例12】　Cao Wenxuan's new book has just ________.
Let's go and buy one. (2012盐城)
A. come over B. come down
C. come on D. come out
解析：新书出版。故“come out出版”符合题意。D考向聚焦【例13】　—Never ________ today's work till tomorrow.
—Yes. It's a good habit. (2012日照)
A. put off B. put on
C. put up D. put down
解析：句意：不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。是的，
这是个好习惯。故“put off推迟”符合题意。A考向聚焦【例14】　Can you go and find out when the plane to New
York ________？ (2012包头)
A. puts off B. gets off
C. takes off D. breaks off
解析：句意：你能去帮我查一下去伦敦的飞机何时起
飞吗？故“take off起飞”符合题意。C考向聚焦【例15】　—I missed the early bus and I had to ________
the next one on such a cold morning.
—Bad luck! (2012吉林)
A. wait for B. look up
C. care for D. put up
解析：由前文“错过早班车”可知“我不得不等下一班
车”。故“wait for等候”符合题意。A考向聚焦【例16】　________， you guys! You don't want to miss
the train, do you？ (2011丽水)
A. Look up B. Give up
C. Hurry up D. Grow up
解析：根据下文：你不想错过火车。判断此空应填入
hurry up(快点)。C考向聚焦Ⅰ. 词汇运用
The music is sweet, she often _______(分享)it with me.
(2012铜仁)
2. Now parents are _________(花费)more and more money
on their children's education. (2012恩施)
3. —When did you b_____ to study English?
—Seven years ago. (2012杭州)
4. He said he would never f______ the trip to Mount Fanjin.
(2012铜仁)
5. Newton was sitting under an apple tree when an apple f____ onto his head. (2012宁波)enjoysspendingeginorgetell考向聚焦6. No one can________ (success) without any hard work.
(2012恩施)
7. To improve your writing skills, you'd better _________
(development) a habit of reading. (2012上海)
8. You'd better ____ (eat) less food before you go to bed.
(2012滨洲)
9. Our notebook computer _______ (weigh) 5 pounds and
costs about ￡2，000. (2011扬州)
10. Yesterday I _______ (buy) a new dress at the Mary's for
my mum. (2011扬州)succeeddevelopweighseatbought领悟语法Ⅱ. 单项选择
( )1. —Do you know Tom?
—Sure. We had ________ in the same village for
many years. (2012衢州)
A. left B. lived
C. come D. gone
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：你认识Tom吗？当然，我们住在同一村里很多年了。故“lived居住”符合题意。B领悟语法( )2. ________ your names on the paper and you can
get a magazine. (2012河北)
A. Cut down B. Look down
C. Turn down D. Put down
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在纸上写下你的名字，你可以得到一本杂志。故“put down写下”符合题意。D领悟语法( )3. We should learn how to ________ well with people
around us. (2012黄石)
A. get along B. get down
C. get to D. get up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该学会如何与我们周围的人相处。故“get along well with与……相处好”符合题意。A领悟语法( )4. —Come on, let's ________！
—I just want to take it easy. My feet are killing
me. (2012绍兴)
A. study B. chat
C. dance D. listen
解析：考查动词词义辨析。由关键词“feet”可知“dance跳舞”符合题意。C领悟语法( )5. —It's the museum! So you ________ know
smoking is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry. (2012绍兴)
A. must B. will
C. can D. may
解析：考查情态动词。句意：这是博物馆。因此你应该知道在这儿吸烟是不被允许的。故“must应该”符合题意。A领悟语法( )6. —I'm afraid I need a pair of glasses. I ________
hardly see the words on the blackboard.
—That's terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.
(2012镇江)
A. can B. must
C. may D. need
解析：考查情态动词。由上文“需要一副眼镜”可知“我几乎不能看见黑板上的字”。故“can能”符合题意。A领悟语法( )7. Don't ________ the bus until it stops. (2012聊城)
A. turn off B. put on
C. get off D. set up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到车停才能下车。故“get off下车”符合题意。C领悟语法( )8. I'm not sure when the plane will ________ and
when it will land. (2012绵阳)
A. take off B. run off
C. open up D. stay up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。与下文“land着陆”相对应的是“take off起飞”。A领悟语法( )9. The workers in the Huashan mountains have to
________ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.
(2012陕西)
A. turn up B. pick up
C. mix up D. give up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。与“rubbish垃圾”相对应的是“pick up捡起来”。 B领悟语法( )10. —Must I clean the classroom now, Miss Green?
—No, you ________. You can do it after school.
(2012来宾)
A. can't B. mustn't
C. needn't D. shouldn't
解析：考查情态动词。“Must...？”的否定回答用“needn't”。C领悟语法( )11. Smoking is not allowed in public places since
May 1st. It may be a good chance for some
people to ________ smoking. (2011嘉兴、舟山)
A. put up B. give up
C. pick up D. look up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“从5月1日开始，公共场合不允许吸烟”可知此处与戒烟有关。故“give up smoking戒烟”符合题意。B领悟语法( )12. When you don't know a word, you can ________ in
the dictionary. (2011宁波)
A. look it up B. set it up
C. give it up D. pick it up
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。look up查阅(书本)；set up建立；give up放弃；pick up捡起。它们都是动副短语，代词放在中间。句意：当你不认识一个词的时候，你可以查阅字典。故选A。A领悟语法( )13. Would you please ________ my baby brother while
I'm cooking? (2011河北)
A. take out of B. take care of
C. take part in D. take away from
解析：考查动词短语辨析。由题意“我做饭的时候请你照顾下我的弟弟好吗”可知应用“take care of照顾；照看”。take out of 带出去；take part in 参加；take away from从……带走，均不符合题意。B领悟语法( )14. I won't go to the concert this evening, I ________
watch the NBA on TV. It's more exciting.
(2011扬州)
A. had better B. would rather
C. ought to D. have to
解析：考查动词短语辨析。had better最好；would rather更喜欢，更愿意；ought to应该； have to必须。句意：我今晚更愿意看NBA，音乐会就不去了。故选B。B领悟语法( )15. —Whose T-shirt is this?
—It ________ be John's. It's ________ small for
him. (2011黄岗)
A. can't; much too B. can't; too much
C. mustn't; much too D. mustn't; too much
解析：考查情态动词。句意：它不可能是约翰的，对他来说太小了。too much太多，much too太……。故选A。A领悟语法( )16. Jack ________ dislike the weather in Beijing in
spring, because there is so much wind and sand.
But now he ________ it. (2012咸宁)
A. is used to; used to
B. used to; is used to
C. was used to; is used to
D. used to; uses to
解析：is used to sth./doing sth.习惯于；used to do sth.过去常常做某事。故选B。B领悟语法( )17. —How long may I ________ your bike?
—For a week. But you mustn't ________ it to
others. (2011金华)
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend
C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
解析：考查动词词义辨析。borrow意为“借入”；lend意为“借出”；“借多长时间”用keep，为延续性动词，常与how long和延续性动词连用。故选B。B领悟语法Ⅲ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. Mr. Zhang _______ (teach) us English three years ago.
2. Peter turned off the computer after he finished ________
(write) an e-mail.
3. —Where's Miss Wang?
—Look, she __________ (talk) with the students.
4. Mr. Liu isn't here now. He _________ (go) to Beijing.
5. The children will go to the zoo if it ___________ (not rain)
this Saturday.
6. There _______ (be) a meeting in our school tomorrow
afternoon.taughtwritingis talkinghas gonedoesn’t rainwill be领悟语法7. Mr. Green ______________ (watch) TV at this time last
night.
8. You'd better ____ (eat) less food before you go to bed.
9. My teacher told me that light _______ (travel) much
faster than sound.
10. English _________ (speak) by many people in the world.was watchingeattravelsis spoken完成考点跟踪训练 28