中考第一轮复习之_主谓一致

课件42张PPT。第34课　主谓一致真题体验( )1. There ________ many students on the
playground at the moment. (2012衢州)
A. is B. are
C. was D. wereB真题体验( )2. Between the two hills________a deep river.
(2012烟台)
A. are　 B. have
C. has　 D. isD真题体验( )3. Not only Jam but also his parents ________ a few
interesting places since they came to China.
(2012黄石)
A. will visit B. has visited
C. have visited D. visitedC真题体验( )4. ________ Tony ________ Frank likes the CD. They
think the music is too noisy. (2012上海)
A. Neither; nor B. Either; or
C. Both; and D. Not only; but alsoA真题体验( )5. ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper？
(2012黄石)
A. Is; glass B. Are; glass
C. Is; glasses D. Are; glassesC考点解读 中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括下面三点：
1. 学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news, maths; 不定代词＋名词作主语，如both of, neither等。
2. 主语后带有with, except, like等介词短语。
3. 就近原则。如 there be 句型，either...or..., not only...but also...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。考向聚焦热点考向一　语法一致原则 1. 单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：He is a tall man. 他是个高个子男人。
Some bread is on the table. 一些面包在桌上。
The boys are playing football. 这些男孩们正在踢足球。
2. 当and或both...and...连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：A pen and a pencil are useful school things. 钢笔和铅笔是的用的文具。
Both Jim and Bill are in the library. 吉姆和比尔都在图书馆。考向聚焦 3. 单数主语即使后面带有由with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as，等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
如：Mr. Hu with a book in his hand comes into the classroom.胡先生走进了教室，手里拿着一本书。
4. 不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every＋one或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。
5. every..., every...and every..., each..., each...and each...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Each boy and each girl has an apple in their hands. 每个男孩和女孩手里都有一个苹果。考向聚焦 6. one, every one, each, each one, anyone, neither, either＋of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Every one of the students is listening to the teacher carefully. 每个学生都在认真听老师讲课。
7. none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。
如：None of us are(is) perfect. 人无完人。
8. 复数形式的名词(clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：My trousers are new.我的裤子是新的。 考向聚焦 9. a pair(a set, a kind...)＋of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：A set of keys is lying on the floor. 地板上有一串钥匙。
10. “the＋形容词(分词)” 指一类人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The sick have been taken good care of. 病人已经被好好地照顾。
11. 不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：To study hard is my job. 努力学习是我们的工作。考向聚焦 12. half of, the rest of, most of, all of及“百分数或分数＋of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。
如：Most of the apples were bad. 大部分苹果是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。
注意：population 作为整体时，其谓语动词为单数；主语指“人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词为复数。考向聚焦【例1】　We make it a rule that each of us ________ the
bedroom one day a week. (2012绵阳)
A. has cleaned B. have cleaned
C. cleans D. clean
解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数；
由“one day a week一周一天”表频度，须用一般现在
时。C考向聚焦【例2】　________ of them knows which way is right.
They have to call their teacher for help.
A. Both B. All
C. None D. Every
解析：由谓语动词“knows”可知主语为单数形式，排除
A、B项；every不能与of连用。C考向聚焦【例3】　Mrs. White ________ dinner when her son came
home. (2011衢州)
A. is cooking B. was cooking
C. are cooking D. were cooking
解析：when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句
通常为过去进行时。Mrs. White作主语，谓语动词用
单数形式。B考向聚焦热点考向二　意义一致原则 1. 集体名词(family, group, crowd, class)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。
如：Our class wins the basketball match. 我们班赢了篮球比赛。
Our class are talking about the trip. 我们班同学正在讨论这次郊游。
2. 集体名词(people, police)等作主语时谓语动词用复数；但clothing, traffic, furniture等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The people in the park are talking loudly. 公园里人们正在高声讨论着。考向聚焦 3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当远的距离。
4. 数学运算作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：One and one is two. 一加一等于二。
5. 形式为复数而意义为单数的名词(如news，physics, maths等), 或专有名词(如the United States, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The news makes us excited. 这消息使我们激动。考向聚焦【例4】　—How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough. (2010安徽)
A. is; is B. is; are
C. are; is D. are; are
解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓
语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓
语动词也用单数。A考向聚焦热点考向三　就近原则 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。
1. there, here 引导的句子。
如：There is a book and two pens on the table. 桌上有一本书和两只钢笔。
There are two pens and a book on the table. 桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。
2. or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时。
如：Either Lily or Lucy comes to the party. 要么莉莉，要么露丝来参加晚会。考向聚焦 Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China. 不仅吉姆而且他的父母想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。考向聚焦【例5】　There ________ lots of people at the restaurant
when I got there. (2011 河北)
A. is B. was
C. are D. were
解析：people 是复数名词，则there be 句型中谓语
动词用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式。D考向聚焦【例6】　________ Lily ________ Lucy is going with you
because one of them must stay at home.(2011乌鲁木齐)
A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor
C. Both; and D. Either; or
解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除A项；由下文“他们中
的一个必须呆在家里”，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你
一起去”。D考向聚焦【例7】　________ my father ________ my mother is able
to drive a car. However, they are going to buy one.
(2012孝感)
A. Neither; nor B. Both; and
C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
解析：由谓语动词“is”可排除B项。由下文“然而，
他们打算买一辆”可判断他们都不会开车。
A考向聚焦热点考向四　主谓一致中几组易错易混词汇 1. 并列连词and连接并列主语。
(1)and连接两个或多个单数名词(代词)或不可数名词并列共同作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：My friend and I are going to the cinema this weekend. 这个周末我的朋友和我要去看电影。
(2)and 连接两个名词的并列主语，表示同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The dancer and singer is coming to our city next week. 这个舞蹈兼歌唱家下周将来我们城市。考向聚焦 (3)and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。
2. each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。
如：Each of us has a dictionary. 我们每个人都有一本字典。We each have a dictionary.
考向聚焦 3. “the number of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“a number of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. 野生动物的数量正在减少。
A number of wild animals are in danger. 很多野生动物正处于危险中。
4. 由Here/There开头的句子，其主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。
如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。考向聚焦【例8】　The zoo keeper is worried because the number of
visitors ________ smaller and smaller. (2009河南)
A. become B. became
C. is becoming D. have become
解析：从句中“the number of...”作主语，谓语动词
用单数形式，故排除A和D项；本句指的是现在的情况。
C考向聚焦【例9】　The head teacher with his students ________
Tuanchengshan Park if it ________ tomorrow.
(2011黄石)
A. is going to; isn't rainy
B. are going to; isn't rainy
C. is going to; won't rain
D. are going to; doesn't rain
解析：The head teacher为主语，with后面的不是主
语，所以应为第三人称单数；if后用一般现在时表将
来的意思。A考向聚焦【例10】　Each of the girls here ________ to the West
Lake twice. (2011四川)
A. have gone B. have been
C. has gone D. has been
解析：Each在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，排
除A、B。has gone to “去了”，还没有回来；has
been to“去过”，已经回来了。句意：每个学生去过西
湖两次。D领悟语法Ⅰ. 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空
When I got there, they each ____________ (read) a book.
2. Neither of us _____ (like) the storybook.
3.This pair of trousers _________(make) by my aunt last year.
4. A football team often ____ (have) eleven players.
5. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth.
6. Jim's family ______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper.
7. What you said ______ (be) quite useful to us.
8. Look! The class _________ (do) morning exercise on the playground.were readinglikeswas madehasknowsenjoyis/wasare doing领悟语法9. Twenty years ____ (have) passed since he left his
hometown.
10. Three glasses of milk ____ (be) enough for us. hasare领悟语法Ⅱ. 单项选择
( )1. —Tell us something about Canada, OK?
—I'm sorry. ________ Jack ________ I have ever
been there. (2012日照)
A. Either; or B. Not only; but also
C. Both; and D. Neither; nor
解析：考查不定代词。由“sorry抱歉”可知须用否定句式来回答。故“neither... nor...既不……也不……”符合题意。D领悟语法( )2. —Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ________ fond of
the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories！
(2012广东)
A. is B. am
C. was D. are
解析：考查主谓一致。由“both... and...两者都”作主语可知谓语动词须用复数形式。故选D。D领悟语法( )3. —Which would you prefer, orange juice or coffee?
— Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee
________ milk. (2012黄石)
A. are; with B. is; with
C. are; to D. is; to
解析：考查主谓一致和固定用法。either表示任何一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。后面一句的意思为“我更喜欢带有牛奶的咖啡”， coffee with milk意为“加牛奶的咖啡”。故选A。B领悟语法( )4. Some funny cartoon pictures ________ on the wall
of my bedroom. (2012来宾)
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
解析：考查主谓一致。由“名词复数pictures”可知B项符合题意。B领悟语法( )5. There ________more cars now in our country.
(2011广西)
A. have B. are
C. is D. has
解析：考查there be句式。句中的主语是more cars，可数名词的复数形式。故选B。B领悟语法( )6. —Physics ________ more difficult than Chinese,
do you think so?
—Yes, I think so. (2011德阳)
A. is B. are
C. has
解析：考查主谓一致。根据句意“物理比中文难学多了，你也这样认为吗？”可知Physics在此作为一门学科，应用单数形式is。故选A。A领悟语法( )7. The number of books in the bookshop is about
10，000 and a number of them ________ about
science. (2011绵阳)
A. is B. was
C. are D. were
解析：考查主谓一致。依据第一句中的谓语动词“is(一般现在时)”可推断出第二句的时态也应是一般现在时；短语“a number of...”的谓语动词是复数，故选C。C领悟语法( )8. This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I
________ good at drawing.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
解析：考查主谓一致。Both...and...意为“两者都”，判断be动词为复数形式。故选C。C领悟语法( )9. No one ________ swimming in such bad weather.
A. like B. likes
C. liking D. liked
解析：考查主谓一致。主语为No one时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。B领悟语法( )10. Diana, together with her friends, ________
Chinese in China.
A. study B. have studied
C. studies D. are studying
解析：考查主谓一致。together with her friends 表伴随状语，谓语动词的单复数要与Diana保持一致，须用studies。故选C。C完成考点跟踪训练 34