中考第一轮复习之_定语从句

课件38张PPT。第37课　定语从句真题体验( )1. —What are you looking for?
－I'm looking for the pen ________ my father
gave me last week. (2012衢州)
A. who B. which
C. whose D. whom B真题体验( )2. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ________
has come to visit his ancestor's homeland.
(2012枣庄)
A. who B. where
C. when D. whichA真题体验( )3. —What are you looking for?
－I'm looking for the ring ________ my husband
bought me last year. (2012滨州)
A. that B. who
C. whom D. it A考点解读 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上，重点是由that, which, who引导的定语从句。考向聚焦热点考向一　定语从句中的关系代词考向聚焦考向聚焦 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时，不能省略，作宾语时可省略。
如：We're looking for a thief who liked stealing parrots and necklaces.我们正在找一个喜欢偷鹦鹉和项链的贼。
Is that the man(who) you are looking for？这个人是你正在找的吗？
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。
如：Do you know the woman(whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口碰到的女人吗？考向聚焦 3. whose(所有格)指人，在定语从句中作定语。
如：What is the name of the boy whose father is a railway worker？爸爸在火车站工作的那个男孩叫什么名字？
4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
如：The book(which) Miss Zhao gave us last week is called The Great Escape.上周赵女士给我的书叫《大逃亡》。考向聚焦 5. 关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
如：This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的房间。
This is the room which we lived in last year.
但含有介词的短语动词的各个固定部分不可拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。如：
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.护士们正照顾着的婴儿们很健康。考向聚焦 6. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物时其用法与which大致相同。
如：This is the present that my grandfather gave me for Christmas.这是我爷爷给我的圣诞礼物。
但当that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面，此时that可以省略。
如：The village(that) she lives in is twenty kilometers away.她住的村庄有20公里远。考向聚焦【例1】　Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a
Mickey Mouse on the cover. (2102天津)
A. whom B. whose
C. who D. which
解析：先行词book指物，故关系词用which。D考向聚焦【例2】　I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
(2012泰安)
A. who B. which
C. whose D. whom
解析：先行词people指人，故关系词用who。A考向聚焦【例3】　The English-Chinese dictionary ________ my
father bought for me many years ago is still of great
value. (2012南京)
A. whose B. when
C. who D. that
解析：先行词dictionary指物，故关系词用that。D考向聚焦热点考向二　定语从句中的难点 1. 下列情况下，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
(1)当先行词是all, any, few, something, much, little, the one, anything, everything, nothing等代词或被它们修饰时。
如：Is there anything that I can do for you？有我可以帮你做的事吗？
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the book store.这是书店里卖出去的最有趣的书之一。考向聚焦 (3)当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。
如：My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.我的项链不是唯一丢失的东西。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们被我们所参观的学校及老师们深深感动了。
2. 下列情况下定语从句中的关系代词只能用who(whom)，不能用that。
(1)当先行词为all, any或其合成词或a few且指人时。
如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的都会受到惩罚。考向聚焦 (2)先行词为that, this, those 或these且指人时。
如：Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
(3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，用who、whom或that引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。
如：The guest who(whom/that) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine, among whom was my old classmate.我遇见了几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。考向聚焦【例4】　Success will belong to those ________ never
say “impossible”． (2012河南)
A. whom B. what
C. who D. which
解析：先行词those 指人，故关系词用who。
C考向聚焦【例5】　Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful
teacher ________ gave her love to her students in
danger. (2012扬州)
A. who B. that
C. whom D. which
解析：部分考生认为先行词是teacher而误选A。先
行词若受最高级修饰则关系代词用that。B考向聚焦【例6】　Look at the boy and his dog ________ are
coming this way.
A. who B. which
C. that D. whom
解析：部分考生认为dog是先行词而误选B。当先行
词是由人与物组成时，关系代词用that。C考向聚焦热点考向三　定语从句中的关系副词 1. when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)。
如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the People's Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
2. where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area等)。
如：This is the place where my mother was born.这是我母亲出生的地方。
Is this the room where we were living last winter？这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？考向聚焦 3. why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。
如：I don't know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快。
The reason why he said that is quite clear.他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。考向聚焦【例7】　This is the primary school ________ I studied
three years ago. (2012宜宾)
A. where B. when
C. that D. which
解析：先行词school在定语从句中做studied的地点状
语。A考向聚焦【例8】　I still remember the time ________ we spent
together at Xisai Mountain last year. (2012黄石)
A. when　　　 B. what
C. who　　　 D. few
解析：先行词the time在定语从句中做时间状语。A领悟语法Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. —Do you enjoy My heart will go on?
—No, I prefer songs ________ loud.(2012达州)
A. that is B. which is
C. that are D. what are
解析：考查定语从句。先行词songs指物，关系词用that或which；songs为复数，则从句的谓语动词也用复数形式。故选C。C领悟语法( )2. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou
________ are often visited by foreigners is the
West Slender Lake. (2011扬州)
A. what B. who
C. that D. /
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词places被最高级修饰。故选C。C领悟语法( )3. Who is the man ________ is reading a book over
there？ (2011杭州)
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：那边正在读书的人是谁？先行词man指人，从句中缺少主语，用that。故选A。A领悟语法( )4. —Where did you go last week?
—I went to Zhang Aiping's hometown and visited
the house ________he was born in. (2011达州)
A. that B. there
C. who D. whose
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：上个星期你去哪了？我去了张爱萍的家乡，参观了她出生的地方。先行词house指物。故选A。A领悟语法( )5. —I hear that Lily's brother is a worker here.
—Look, the man ________ is working over there
is her brother. (2011四川)
A. who B. whom
C. what D. which
解析：考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词the man指人， 在从句中作主语。 故选A。A领悟语法( )6. Have you read the book ________ is about the
moon？ (2011清远)
A. what B. It
C. / D. which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词the book为名词，用which代替。it 和what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选D。D领悟语法( )7. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ________
you had with your dad yesterday. (2011河南)
A. what　 　 B. which
C. when　 　 D. who
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。该句的先行词为the discussion，故用which做关系代词，在从句中做宾语。故选B。B领悟语法( )8. I' ll never forget the day ________ the great
scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.
(2011菏泽)
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
解析：句意：我将不会忘记那一天，在这一天这个伟大的科学家来到了我们的学校并给我们发表了演讲。先行词the day指时间，关系代词在定语从句中充当时间状语。故选C。C领悟语法( )9. —Who is your new head teacher this semester?
—The woman ________ is wearing a red skirt.
(2011黄岗)
A. whom B. who
C. whose D. which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词the woman指人，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。故选B。B领悟语法( )10. The first thing ________ my brother is going to
do this afternoon is to write a letter. (2011广东)
A. which B. that
C. why D. who
解析：部分考生认为thing指物而误选A。在定语从句中当先行词是不定代词all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, thing时，不定代词用that。故选B。B领悟语法( )11. —Do you know the kid with ________ Bob is
talking over there?
—Yes, it's my cousin. (2011黄石)
A. who　　　 B. that
C. 不填　　　 D. whom
解析：部分考生只考虑kid指人而误选A。先行词the kid指人，关系代词在定语从句中充当介词with的宾语。故选D。 D领悟语法Ⅱ. 根据上下文，填入所需关系代词或介词
I want to tell you about where I live. I love it and it's
easy to get around. I have everything 1. _______ I need nearby.
My house is opposite the park 2. ________ I spend
most of my weekends. Sometimes we go to the cinema
3. ___________ is on the other side of the park. There is
a great shopping center next to the cinema.
thatin whichwhich/that领悟语法 My mother works in the bank 4. __________ is between
the shopping center and the noodle bar. After school, I often
sit in the noodle bar and wait for her to finish work. The
people 5. _____ work in the bar are very friendly to me. And
when I want to post you a letter, I walk to the post office 6. __________ is on the corner, next to the drug store. Sometimes
my mother and I go to the bookstore round the corner from
the post office before heading home across the park.that/whichwhothat/which完成考点跟踪训练 37