Unit 7 International Charities Grammar 课件(共67张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
Unit7
International charities
Grammar
Many organizations are set up to help people in need.
Food and other things are donated to people in poor areas.
Basic education should be provided
for children.
More money is needed to go on with the charity work.
The Passive Voice
(被动语态 )
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Many people speak English. (主动语态)
English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)
被动语态的构成:
主语+ be + 过去分词 p.p.+ by sb.
助动词 及物动词 宾格
被动语态的用法：
b. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
c.需强调动作的承受者时。
a.大家都知道谁是执行者。
Rice is grown in South China.
The house was built in 1990.
Newspapers are read in the reading room.
The floor is usually mopped after school.
Today’s homework must be finished.
The P.E.lesson was given in the classroom.
不必提执行者时
用被动态
The trees are planted in March.
trees, plant, in March
computers, use, young people
The computers are used by young people.
buildings, build, last year
The thief, catch, yesterday
The thief was caught by the police yesterday.
The tall buildings were built last year.
The cake was eaten by Daniel.
2. Nancy bought a book yesterday.
3. The little dog is looked after very well
by Simon.
4. He is reading English.
5. The computer is bought by my uncle.
6. I am woken up by my father every
morning.
Underline the passive voice in the following sentences.
The lights were turned off by Tom.
The windows are cleaned every week.
Millie’s closed the door.
The TV was turned on.
The boy made a model plane.
A total of 8 questions are answered.
or
Active
Passive
Passive
Passive
Active
Passive
Active
Passive
1. Today English _______ all over China.
A. teach B. teaches
C. is taught D. are taught
2. The meeting _______ two weeks ago.
A. hold B. was held
C. were held D. is held
3. The thief ________ by the police last night.
A. caught B. is caught
C. was caught D. were caught
4. The photos _______ when I was young.
A. were taken B. was taken
C. are taken D. is taken
5. Millie is my best friend. I ___ often ____ to her party.
A. is invited B. am invited
C. are invited D. was invited
6. Last year Beijing ____ by a big sandstorm.
A. is hit B. were hit
C. will be hit D. was hit
用动词的被动语态填空:
English ____________(speak) by many people.
The trees _______________(plant) by them.
That building _________(build) two years ago.
This kind of computer ________(make) in China.
The games __________(sell) in may shops.
is spoken
were planted
was built
is made
are sold
are planned to help the poor
What they do every year
1. Charity activities _________________________ (plan/to help the poor).
are handed out to people
Leaflets _______________________ ___________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers).
in the street by volunteers
Toys and CDs _____________________
(sell/to raise money).
are sold to raise money
What they did last week
New books _________________________ __________________________________ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
were sent to children in poor
areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students
Warm clothes __________________________ (collect/for poor people).
were collected for poor people
A charity show _____________________________ (hold/the Students’ Union).
was held by the Students’ Union
Amy and Daniel are talking about plete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.
Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really Please tell me about it.
Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
was set up
was opened
are sold
is used
Daniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education.
is called
was started
are given
Amy: Yes. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas each year.
are built
主 +谓+ 宾
主+ 谓+ by宾
be + P.P.
执行者
承受者
1 主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语。
2 主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。
3 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，
放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后，在无须说明或不强
调动作的执行者时，by sb.短语可以省略。
主动语态 被动语态：
被动:
I
learn
English
English
is learnt
me
+
+
+
+
by
主动语态和被动语态的 转换
主动:
We call the boy Tom.
The boy is called Tom.
Active voice主动语态
Passive voice被动语态
1. She looks after the child.
2. I washed the clothes yesterday.
3. We visited the museum last week.
4. He cleaned his room just now.
The child is looked after by her.
The clothes were washed by me yesterday.
The museum was visited by us last week.
His room was cleaned by him just now.
Change the active voice into the passive voice:
主 动 和 被 动 互 变
We use pens to write.
2. English books are read by us every day.
3.The museum is often visited by people.
Pens are used to write by us.
We read English books every day.
People often visit the museum.
1.这些书是由中国作家写的。
4.收音机里听到英语节目。
5.两年前这儿做了个大钟。
These books are written by Chinese writers.
English programmes are heard on the radio.
看谁会用？
A big clock was made here two years ago.
不同时态的被动语态结构：
1 一般现在时：am / is / are + p.p.
Radios are used in everyday life.
These nice cars are made in China.
2 一般过去时：was / were + p.p.
A thief was caught last night .
Those trees were washed away by the flood.
否定句, 一般疑问句, 特殊疑问句
用所给动词的被动语态填空:
1) your room ________ (clean) every day
2) Our classroom __________ ( not clean ) yesterday.
3) Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday.
4) The students ___________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day.
5) ---When this kind of computer
(make) in Hong Kong
--- In 2000.
Is cleaned
wasn’t cleaned
were lost
are asked
was
made
抓关键词确定时态!
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
The young trees ____________ (water) every day.
2. ________this machine usually_______(use) for cutting wood
3. I usually___________(send) messages on the Internet.
4. No tigers ______________(find) in this rainforest.
5. A new flat _____________(buy) by my parents last month.
are watered
send
are found
was bought
Is
used
齐心协力小练一下
1 南方长稻子。
2 茶杯是用来喝茶的。
3 这台冰箱是1998年上海产的。
4 第29届奥运会于2008年在北京举办。
Rice is grown in the south.
Cups are used to drink tea.
The fridge was made in Shanghai in 1998.
The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.
Put them into English:
3. 情态动词的被动语态： can/may/must/should…+ be + p.p.
Computers can be used for sending and receiving messages.
Today’s homework must be finished at school.
The sports meeting may be held next week.
1.牙齿必须每天要刷。
2.树可以在春天或者秋天栽
3.他也许被人请去吃饭了。
4.这药应该是饭后吃。
Teeth must be brushed every day .
Trees can be planted in spring or autumn.
He may be invited to have dinner.
The medicine should be taken after meals.
4. 一般将来时：will / be going to be + p.p.
The sports meeting will be held next Saturday.
The sports meeting is going to be held next Saturday.
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
The meeting will be held on April 10.
会议将于四月十日举行。
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将在明天的会议上被讨论。
注意：
在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
练习：
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以
填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Hundreds of jobs ____ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
2. — A party is going to ____ tonight. Would you like to go with me
—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.
A. organize
B. have been organized
C. be organizing
D. be organized
3. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meeting ____ in the playground of our school.
A. is holding
B. will hold
C. will be held
D. is to be holding
1.—Do you often clean your classroom
—Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning
2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next week.
given B.will be given
C.has been given D.give
3.His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
5. 现在完成时被动语态：
has/ have been + p.p.
John has repaired the bike a few times.
The bike has been repaired by John a few times.
1 面包已经被Eddie吃了。
2 这些书已经被我借了。
3 我的电脑还没被打开。
4 这些灯已经被他打开3小时了。
The bread has been eaten by Eddie.
These books have been borrowed by me.
My computer hasn’t been turned on yet.
These lights have been kept on by him for three hours.
Put them into English:
( )1.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
—No, I____.
am not invited B.wasn’t invited
C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite
( )2.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack
—When your homework___,you can.
A. is done B.was done C.does D.did
1.They make machines in that factory.
______________________________________________
2.Everybody likes this song.
______________________________________________
3.He doesn't show the stamps to me.
______________________________________________
4.We must tie the young tree to the stick.
______________________________________________
5. The children will sing an English song.
______________________________________________
Machines are made by them in that factory.
This song is liked by everybody.
The stamps are shown by him to me.
The young tree must be tied to the stick by us.
The English song will be sung by the children.
A lot of money _________________ (donate) to Project Hope since last year.
2. A new book ___________ (come) out next Monday.
3. I don’t know if we ______________ (show) around the museum tomorrow.
4. Computers ___________ (use) widely today.
5. The piece of sandwich _________ (eat) up just now.
has been donated
will come
will be shown
was eaten
are used
6. Everyone knows that the litter must _______________ (not drop) carelessly.
7. If your homework ____________ (not finish), you can’t go to play football.
8. The ground ________________ (cover) with trees in the future.
will be covered
isn’t finished
not be dropped
教室已经打扫干净了。
The classroom has been cleaned.
树已经种好了。
The trees have been planted.
杯子打破了。
The cup was broken.
汽车撞坏了。
The car was broken.
书他已经拿走了。
The book has been taken away by him.
他的眼睛几个月前被治愈了。
每年在山上种许多树。
许多人被邀请参加这次慈善活动。
需要更多的钱来支持这项工作。
在他们的帮助下，这家公司于上周成立了。
His eyes were cured several months ago.
Many trees are planted on the hill every year.
Many people are invited to take part in this charity.
More money is needed to support the work.
With their help, this company was set up last week.
几种特殊的主动语态与被动语态的转化
一、一些接双宾语的动词
1. give sb sth= give sth to sb
（ sb.间宾 sth.直宾 ）
类似的动词还有：send, pass, show
He gave me a book yesterday.
1) I was given a book by him yesterday.
2) A book was given to me by him yesterday.
2. buy sb sth= buy sth for sb
类似的动词还有：get, cook, make
My mum bought me a new coat.
1) I was bought a new coat by my mum.
2) A new coat was bought for me by my mum.
二、一些接不带to的不定式的动词，当使用被动态时必须加to. 如：
make sb do sth------ be made to do sth.
类似的动词有：help, see, hear, watch, notice
1. He watched her play the piano.
She was watched to play the piano by him.
2. They heard him come into the room.
He was heard to come into the room.
三、一些带介词、副词的短语主动变被动时介 词、副词不能丢
如：take good care of, look after, speak to,
talk about, turn on, take away…
1. She takes good care of the children.
The children are taken good care of by her.
2. Old people must be spoken to politely.
四、ask, tell后面不接sb.时，一定是被动语态。
I ___________(ask) to do my homework just now.
She ___________(tell) to wait for them yesterday.
was asked
was told
五、有些词或短语不用被动语态（不及物）
1. happen, take place, come out, break down
His new book came out last week.
The Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
他的新书上个礼拜出版了。
2. 以及一些感官动词（连系动词），如：look, taste, smell, sound, feel, seem…
The music sounds nice.
The meat smells bad.
It seems to rain.
3. 一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，和well, easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：sell, read, write, draw, wash, cook, clean
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。
1.A traffic accident ________(happen) yesterday.
2.My watch ______________ (break down)
several times so far.
3.What time ____ the meeting ____(begin)
4.It ______ (cost) 100 yuan.
5.Water the flower soon, or it _____(die).
happened
has broken down
will
begin
costs
will die
1. We often hear him sing in the next room.
He _____often _____ _____ _____ in the next room.
2. They will take good care of her.
She _____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ by them.
3. Tom looked after the baby yesterday.
The baby _____ _______ ______ by Tom yesterday.
4. He often makes us laugh in class.
We ______ often _______ _______ laugh in class.
is
heard to sing
will be taken good cared of
was looked after
are
made to
Which language is the most widely _____________
(speak) in the world
2. Yesterday we _____________(tell) that there would be a talk in the school hall.
spoken
were told
1. Chinese ______ by more and more people in the world now.
A. is spoken B. is speaking
C. speaks D. spoke
2. ----Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
----No, I _______
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
3. This painting _______ to a museum in New York in 1997.
A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold
4. Oh, the milk _____ strange. Do you think it’s OK to drink
A. was tasted B. tasted
C. is tasting D. tastes
5. Surfing _____ by people all over the world.
A. is enjoyed B. is enjoying
C. has enjoyed D. will enjoy
1.这件上衣是由丝绸做的。
2.这杯子是由玻璃制造的。
3.这些纸是由木头做的。
4.篮球受到青年人的喜爱。
5.歌手通常会受到歌迷们的欢迎。
This coat is made of silk.
This cup is made of glass.
The paper is made from wood.
Basketball is loved by young people.
Singers are usually welcomed by fans.
1.足球是用脚踢的。
2.许多国家都踢足球。
3.世界杯每四年举办一次。
4.香蕉生长于中国南方。
Football is played with feet.
Football is played in many countries.
The World Cup is held every four years.
Bananas are grown in the south of China.
takes place
被动态造句比赛
Make up a story
Group 1,2
1.medicine
Group 3,4
1.leaflet
Group 5,6
1.guest
3.organization
2.sell
3.Roman
2.give up
3.plate
2.write
Homework
Finish the exercises in the book.
Do the exercises in the papers.