高中英语语法练习
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一．句子成分
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。（如make等+宾语+宾补）宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
用途1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
结构
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
定语从句：
2、The foreign 21世纪教育网guests, were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A．most of them B．most of whom C．most of thatD．most of those 21世纪教育网
3、That’s not the book you can find the exact answer.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
4、The building over there is a library, is a department store.
A．where B．west of which C．to the west of it D．in the west of that
5、He was the very one of the students who praised at the class meeting.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
6、She is the girl .
A．whose money was stolen B．the which money was stolen
C．whose money was robbed D．the which money was robbed
7、This composition is order, makes the teacher .
A．in; which; puzzled B．for; that; happy
C．out of ; which; angry D．no; it ;disappointed
8、There are 104 elements found in nature, are metals. 21世纪教育网
A．most of it B．most of which C．mostly D．that
9、Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot the Suez Canal was dug.
A．when B．where C．which D．and
10、Jack is who knows how to work out the problem.
A．one of the boys B．the only one of the boy
C．not one of the boys D．the only one of the boys
11、China has many islands, Taiwan is the largest.
A．in where B．in that C．of that D．of which
12、Is this factory your friends visited the day before yesterday?
A．that B．which C．where D．the one
13、We have not had for many weeks.
A．such cold day as this B．such cold a day as this
C．such a cold day like this D．such a cold day as this
14、The man will never forget the days he spent with Lenin.
A．when B．on which C．on that D．that
15、She is the only one of the students good at Japanese.
A．that is B．that are C．which is D．which are
二、改错：
1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.
4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.
7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.
8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.
作业：
16、The balls are solid, makes them very heavy.
A．it B．what C．which D．that
17、Is this calculator you borrowed from Jane?
A．which B．one C．the one D．what
18、The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us.
A．who B．that C．which D． /
19、I suppose the theory he stuck correct.
A．to prove B．to proving C．to proved D．prove
20、He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.
A．who B．that C．which D．it
21、The museum we are going to visit is far form our school.
A．where B．that C．it D．as
22、It is getting hotter and hotter in Wuhan, is usual.
A．and B．it C．as D．that
23、We will never forget the days we spent happily together in the mountain village.
A．when B．which C．where D．on which
24、Which of the two sheep you keep produces more milk?
A．that B．which C．what D．they
25、 is known to all, Lu Xun was famous a great thinker.
A．Which; for B．As; for C．It; as D．As ; as
26、Are these glasses ?
A．which you wish will be repaired C．the one you wish to repair w.w.w
B．the ones you wish to have repaired D． that you wish to be repaired
27、The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.
A．what B．which C．that D．it
28、In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help.
A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom
29、She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.
A．it B．which C．this D．that
30、He paid the boy ＄10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A．these B．those C．that D．which
31、Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.
A．which B．what C．whatever D．that
32、The only thing, I am not sure is the idiom.
A．for which B．of which C．that D．which
33、You must give the wallet back it belongs to.
A．to whom B．whom C．to one D．to the person who
34、Tom as well as his friends who football matches to school today.
A．likes; hasn’t gone B．likes; haven’t gone
C．like; hasn’t gone D．like; haven’t gone
35、You, who ready to offer him your assistance at any time ,are a true friend of his.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
改错：16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.
18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.
19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?
20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.
五．动词的时态和语态
1. “I _________ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _________ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have
3. Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
4. He has changed a lot. He _________ not what he _________.
A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is
5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from
6. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _________ very soft.”
A. is feeling B. felt? C. feels D. is felt
7. He was angry _________ your work. He said that he _________ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied
8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it to repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
9. It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know
10. The chairman’s speech ______ the radio when I turned it on.
A. was broadcast on B. was being broadcast on C. was broadcasting in D. broadcast over
11. ---- Hey. Look where you are going!
---- Oh, I’m terribly sorry ____.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
12. ---- You haven’t got the textbook for my chemistry course yet.
---- I know, and we _____ to get it for the last 5 weeks.
A. will have been trying B. have been trying C. will be trying D. had tried
13. Good heavens! There you are! We _____ anxious about you, and we _____ you back throughout the night.
A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. have been; were expecting D. are; were expecting
14. ---- Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
---- No, he _____, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join
15. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; became B. hoped; could become C. had hoped; would become D. had hoped; would have become
16. ---- How does your second-hand car run?
---- It _____ run all right, but it is being repaired.
A. has B. had C. doesn’t D. used to
名词从句、定语从句专练
1.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.
A. That; that B .What ;which C. What ;that D. That;which
2.This is the only book ______ I want to read.
A .which B .that C. what D as
3.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ the bus.
A. that; I didn(t catch B. why; that I missed
C. why; because I have missed D. why ;because my not catching
4.The problem ______ has been completely settled.
A.which you thought B.that you thought
C.about which you thought it D.that you thought about
5.Is this the tape－recorder you wish ______?
A.to have it repaired B.to repair it
C.to have repaired D.repairing
6.The electric toy ______ last month has gone out of order.
A.I bought it for him B.which I bought to him
C.I bought for him D.that I bought to him
7.His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,______ he oculd see nothing but tress.
A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there
8.Every minute ______ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.
A.which makes B.that is made C.that made D.what is made
9.Will it be two months ______ we can get another one?
A.that B.when C.before D.in which
10.After graduation we should go ______ our Party needs us most.
A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where
11.There is a popular belief among parents ______ schools are no louger interested in handwriting.
A.who B.whose C.that D.which
12.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set.
A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which
13.Water power stations are bulit ______ big water falls.
A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are
14.The direction ______ a force acts can be changed.
A.how B.which C.towards D.×
15.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her?
A.when B.which C.on which D.that
16.In the end she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost broken.
A.which B.that C.of which D.whose
17.That ______ you lent me wasn’t _____ I wanted.
A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that
18.Each time ______ they met,they would talk long hours together.
A.during B.which C.where D.×
19.This is the third week ______ for the rubbish.
A.that they didn’t come B.they aren’t coming
C.they haven’t come D.when they haven’t come
20.On the desk ______ a Chinese brush ______ he had made drawing.
A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which
21.We(ll never forget the days ______ we spent on the seashore.
A.during which B.in which C.when D.×
22.The beautiful church ______ we see there is very famous.
A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower
非谓语动词
一、分析句子结构 (简单句，并列句，复合句）
1. _____many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told???? B. Told C. He was told??????? ??D. Though he had been told
二、分析逻辑主语
1. ____no buses , we have to walk home .
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
三、分析语态
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .??
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen????? B. Seeing???? C. To see?? ??D. See
3. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed??? B. washed ???C. were washed??? D. having washed
四、分析时态
1. The building ___now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ___next year will be a restaurant .
3.The building __last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built?? B. to be built?? C. being built?? D. built
1. He stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting????? B. to wait?????? C. waited???? D. Having waited
1.（北京09模拟）With their reputation ______in the milk powder incident, the food companies need ______ their image.
A. ruining, improving B. ruined, to improve? C. to ruin, to be improved? D. to be ruined, being improved
2. (朝阳一模）Peter' s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never______again
A. to find????????????????? B. to be found?????????? C. finding????????????????? D being found
3. (朝阳一模）She couldn't help, even though she tried not to, ______ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.
A. to laugh??? B. laugh???? C. laughing??? D. laughed
4. (朝阳一模）_____ the chapter four times, I finally understood the author's theory．
A．Reading??? ??????? B．Having read? ????? C．To read?? ????????? D．Read
5. (海淀09期末)The Hotel Al Arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters. A．was considered?????????? B．considering ??????? C．being considered? D．considered
10.（石景山区一模）I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention______when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote ???B. having been promoted? ????C. having promoted??? ?D. to be promoted
12. (海淀一模)_______these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more．
A．Followed?????? B．Following?????? C．To follow??? D．Being followed
14. (丰台一模)You have to decide which school to choose. You can’t postpone ________that decision much longer.
A．to make ??????????????? B．make?????????????? C．made?????????????? D．making
15. (丰台一模)When _______ why he went there, the astronaut said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
A．asking???????????? B．being asked????? ?? C．asked??????????????? D．having asked
16.（东城一模）The pop star walked out of the stage,??_____her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.
A．waving??????????????? B．was waving???????? C．waved???????????????? D．to wave
17.（东城一模）Another primary school is reported________for children in Wen Chuan now.
A．to have been built. B．to have built??????? C．being built?????????? D．to be building
18.（东城一模）With their son?_____a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problem now and then.
A．to attend?????????B．attending???????C．attended????????????? D．having attended
19.（崇文一模）Oh! My God! A file seems?_______by mistake!
A．deleted??? B．to be deleted??? C．being deleted?? D．to have been deleted
20.（崇文一模）_______?the noise, Tony bent to look out of the window, ?????the curtains with one hand.
A．To hear, to part?? ??B．Hearing, parting ??
C．Heard, parting ????D．To have heard, to part
22.(宣武二模23)Try ______the green button to see if the machine will start.
A．press B．to press??? C．pressing??? D．to have pressed
23.(宣武二模26)______with the threat of water shortages, Beijing and Shanghai are taking effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
A．Face?? B．Faced? C．Facing?? D．To face
24.(宣武二模35)______a full discussion of the problem, the committee spent a whole hour exchanging their ideas at the meeting. A．Have???? B．Having? C．Had?????????????????????????? D．To have
29.(海淀下期末29）_____ the chapter four times, I finally understood the author's theory．
A．Reading??? ??? B．Having read? ? C．To read?? ????? D．Read
30.(海淀下期末30)They live on a busy road．There ______ be a lot of noise from the traffic．
A．must???? ????????? B．may?????? ??????? C．would???? ??????? D．could
31.(海淀下期末35)The Hotel Al Arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.
A．was considered?????? B．considering ???? C．being considered????? D．considered
33.(丰台二模26)Looking at herself in the mirror, Sofia decided to have her hair ???????again.
A．wave????????????????? B．to wave?????????????? C．waving??????????????? D．waved
34.(东城二模24)I’d rather have a house of my own than ____one with someone else, no matter how small it is.???????
A．to share?????? B．sharing???? C．share ????? D．have shared
35.(东城二模26）____by a greater demand for green products, the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. A．Driven????? B．Being driven???? C．To drive??? D．Having driven
36.(东城二模35)Mistakes in ____ public notices can be seen here and there.
A．being translated?????? B．translating C．having translated????? D．translated
37.(朝阳二模26)____in the mountains for three days, the young man was finally saved by the local police.
A．Having lost????????? B．Lost??????????????????? C．Being lost??????????? D．Losing
40.(东城示范校检测30)_______?in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world.
A. Dressed??? ???????? B. Worn??? ???????????? C. Dressing ???????????? D. Wearing
41.(东城示范校检测34)The problems_________at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.
A. discussed??? ?????? B. to discuss??? ????? C. to be discussed????? D. discussing
46.(崇文上期末33)Some animals eat only one type of food even when _____?the choice.
A．giving???????????????? B．gives?????????????????? C．given????????????????? D．to give
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。（如make等+宾语+宾补）宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
用途1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
结构
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
定语从句：
2、The foreign 21世纪教育网guests, were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A．most of them B．most of whom C．most of thatD．most of those 21世纪教育网
3、That’s not the book you can find the exact answer.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
4、The building over there is a library, is a department store.
A．where B．west of which C．to the west of it D．in the west of that
5、He was the very one of the students who praised at the class meeting.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
6、She is the girl .
A．whose money was stolen B．the which money was stolen
C．whose money was robbed D．the which money was robbed
7、This composition is order, makes the teacher .
A．in; which; puzzled B．for; that; happy
C．out of ; which; angry D．no; it ;disappointed
8、There are 104 elements found in nature, are metals. 21世纪教育网
A．most of it B．most of which C．mostly D．that
9、Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot the Suez Canal was dug.
A．when B．where C．which D．and
10、Jack is who knows how to work out the problem.
A．one of the boys B．the only one of the boy
C．not one of the boys D．the only one of the boys
11、China has many islands, Taiwan is the largest.
A．in where B．in that C．of that D．of which
12、Is this factory your friends visited the day before yesterday?
A．that B．which C．where D．the one
13、We have not had for many weeks.
A．such cold day as this B．such cold a day as this
C．such a cold day like this D．such a cold day as this
14、The man will never forget the days he spent with Lenin.
A．when B．on which C．on that D．that
15、She is the only one of the students good at Japanese.
A．that is B．that are C．which is D．which are
二、改错：
1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.
4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.
7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.
8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.
作业：
16、The balls are solid, makes them very heavy.
A．it B．what C．which D．that
17、Is this calculator you borrowed from Jane?
A．which B．one C．the one D．what
18、The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us.
A．who B．that C．which D． /
19、I suppose the theory he stuck correct.
A．to prove B．to proving C．to proved D．prove
20、He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.
A．who B．that C．which D．it
21、The museum we are going to visit is far form our school.
A．where B．that C．it D．as
22、It is getting hotter and hotter in Wuhan, is usual.
A．and B．it C．as D．that
23、We will never forget the days we spent happily together in the mountain village.
A．when B．which C．where D．on which
24、Which of the two sheep you keep produces more milk?
A．that B．which C．what D．they
25、 is known to all, Lu Xun was famous a great thinker.
A．Which; for B．As; for C．It; as D．As ; as
26、Are these glasses ?
A．which you wish will be repaired C．the one you wish to repair w.w.w
B．the ones you wish to have repaired D． that you wish to be repaired
27、The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.
A．what B．which C．that D．it
28、In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help.
A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom
29、She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.
A．it B．which C．this D．that
30、He paid the boy ＄10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A．these B．those C．that D．which
31、Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.
A．which B．what C．whatever D．that
32、The only thing, I am not sure is the idiom.
A．for which B．of which C．that D．which
33、You must give the wallet back it belongs to.
A．to whom B．whom C．to one D．to the person who
34、Tom as well as his friends who football matches to school today.
A．likes; hasn’t gone B．likes; haven’t gone
C．like; hasn’t gone D．like; haven’t gone
35、You, who ready to offer him your assistance at any time ,are a true friend of his.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
改错：16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.
18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.
19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?
20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.
五．动词的时态和语态
1. “I _________ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _________ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have
3. Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
4. He has changed a lot. He _________ not what he _________.
A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is
5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from
6. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _________ very soft.”
A. is feeling B. felt? C. feels D. is felt
7. He was angry _________ your work. He said that he _________ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied
8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it to repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
9. It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know
10. The chairman’s speech ______ the radio when I turned it on.
A. was broadcast on B. was being broadcast on C. was broadcasting in D. broadcast over
11. ---- Hey. Look where you are going!
---- Oh, I’m terribly sorry ____.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
12. ---- You haven’t got the textbook for my chemistry course yet.
---- I know, and we _____ to get it for the last 5 weeks.
A. will have been trying B. have been trying C. will be trying D. had tried
13. Good heavens! There you are! We _____ anxious about you, and we _____ you back throughout the night.
A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. have been; were expecting D. are; were expecting
14. ---- Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
---- No, he _____, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join
15. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; became B. hoped; could become C. had hoped; would become D. had hoped; would have become
16. ---- How does your second-hand car run?
---- It _____ run all right, but it is being repaired.
A. has B. had C. doesn’t D. used to
名词从句、定语从句专练
1.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.
A. That; that B .What ;which C. What ;that D. That;which
2.This is the only book ______ I want to read.
A .which B .that C. what D as
3.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ the bus.
A. that; I didn(t catch B. why; that I missed
C. why; because I have missed D. why ;because my not catching
4.The problem ______ has been completely settled.
A.which you thought B.that you thought
C.about which you thought it D.that you thought about
5.Is this the tape－recorder you wish ______?
A.to have it repaired B.to repair it
C.to have repaired D.repairing
6.The electric toy ______ last month has gone out of order.
A.I bought it for him B.which I bought to him
C.I bought for him D.that I bought to him
7.His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,______ he oculd see nothing but tress.
A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there
8.Every minute ______ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.
A.which makes B.that is made C.that made D.what is made
9.Will it be two months ______ we can get another one?
A.that B.when C.before D.in which
10.After graduation we should go ______ our Party needs us most.
A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where
11.There is a popular belief among parents ______ schools are no louger interested in handwriting.
A.who B.whose C.that D.which
12.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set.
A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which
13.Water power stations are bulit ______ big water falls.
A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are
14.The direction ______ a force acts can be changed.
A.how B.which C.towards D.×
15.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her?
A.when B.which C.on which D.that
16.In the end she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost broken.
A.which B.that C.of which D.whose
17.That ______ you lent me wasn’t _____ I wanted.
A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that
18.Each time ______ they met,they would talk long hours together.
A.during B.which C.where D.×
19.This is the third week ______ for the rubbish.
A.that they didn’t come B.they aren’t coming
C.they haven’t come D.when they haven’t come
20.On the desk ______ a Chinese brush ______ he had made drawing.
A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which
21.We(ll never forget the days ______ we spent on the seashore.
A.during which B.in which C.when D.×
22.The beautiful church ______ we see there is very famous.
A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower
非谓语动词
一、分析句子结构 (简单句，并列句，复合句）
1. _____many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told???? B. Told C. He was told??????? ??D. Though he had been told
二、分析逻辑主语
1. ____no buses , we have to walk home .
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
三、分析语态
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .??
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen????? B. Seeing???? C. To see?? ??D. See
3. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed??? B. washed ???C. were washed??? D. having washed
四、分析时态
1. The building ___now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ___next year will be a restaurant .
3.The building __last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built?? B. to be built?? C. being built?? D. built
1. He stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting????? B. to wait?????? C. waited???? D. Having waited
1.（北京09模拟）With their reputation ______in the milk powder incident, the food companies need ______ their image.
A. ruining, improving B. ruined, to improve? C. to ruin, to be improved? D. to be ruined, being improved
2. (朝阳一模）Peter' s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never______again
A. to find????????????????? B. to be found?????????? C. finding????????????????? D being found
3. (朝阳一模）She couldn't help, even though she tried not to, ______ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.
A. to laugh??? B. laugh???? C. laughing??? D. laughed
4. (朝阳一模）_____ the chapter four times, I finally understood the author's theory．
A．Reading??? ??????? B．Having read? ????? C．To read?? ????????? D．Read
5. (海淀09期末)The Hotel Al Arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters. A．was considered?????????? B．considering ??????? C．being considered? D．considered
10.（石景山区一模）I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention______when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote ???B. having been promoted? ????C. having promoted??? ?D. to be promoted
12. (海淀一模)_______these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more．
A．Followed?????? B．Following?????? C．To follow??? D．Being followed
14. (丰台一模)You have to decide which school to choose. You can’t postpone ________that decision much longer.
A．to make ??????????????? B．make?????????????? C．made?????????????? D．making
15. (丰台一模)When _______ why he went there, the astronaut said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
A．asking???????????? B．being asked????? ?? C．asked??????????????? D．having asked
16.（东城一模）The pop star walked out of the stage,??_____her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.
A．waving??????????????? B．was waving???????? C．waved???????????????? D．to wave
17.（东城一模）Another primary school is reported________for children in Wen Chuan now.
A．to have been built. B．to have built??????? C．being built?????????? D．to be building
18.（东城一模）With their son?_____a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problem now and then.
A．to attend?????????B．attending???????C．attended????????????? D．having attended
19.（崇文一模）Oh! My God! A file seems?_______by mistake!
A．deleted??? B．to be deleted??? C．being deleted?? D．to have been deleted
20.（崇文一模）_______?the noise, Tony bent to look out of the window, ?????the curtains with one hand.
A．To hear, to part?? ??B．Hearing, parting ??
C．Heard, parting ????D．To have heard, to part
22.(宣武二模23)Try ______the green button to see if the machine will start.
A．press B．to press??? C．pressing??? D．to have pressed
23.(宣武二模26)______with the threat of water shortages, Beijing and Shanghai are taking effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
A．Face?? B．Faced? C．Facing?? D．To face
24.(宣武二模35)______a full discussion of the problem, the committee spent a whole hour exchanging their ideas at the meeting. A．Have???? B．Having? C．Had?????????????????????????? D．To have
29.(海淀下期末29）_____ the chapter four times, I finally understood the author's theory．
A．Reading??? ??? B．Having read? ? C．To read?? ????? D．Read
30.(海淀下期末30)They live on a busy road．There ______ be a lot of noise from the traffic．
A．must???? ????????? B．may?????? ??????? C．would???? ??????? D．could
31.(海淀下期末35)The Hotel Al Arab ______ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.
A．was considered?????? B．considering ???? C．being considered????? D．considered
33.(丰台二模26)Looking at herself in the mirror, Sofia decided to have her hair ???????again.
A．wave????????????????? B．to wave?????????????? C．waving??????????????? D．waved
34.(东城二模24)I’d rather have a house of my own than ____one with someone else, no matter how small it is.???????
A．to share?????? B．sharing???? C．share ????? D．have shared
35.(东城二模26）____by a greater demand for green products, the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. A．Driven????? B．Being driven???? C．To drive??? D．Having driven
36.(东城二模35)Mistakes in ____ public notices can be seen here and there.
A．being translated?????? B．translating C．having translated????? D．translated
37.(朝阳二模26)____in the mountains for three days, the young man was finally saved by the local police.
A．Having lost????????? B．Lost??????????????????? C．Being lost??????????? D．Losing
40.(东城示范校检测30)_______?in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world.
A. Dressed??? ???????? B. Worn??? ???????????? C. Dressing ???????????? D. Wearing
41.(东城示范校检测34)The problems_________at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.
A. discussed??? ?????? B. to discuss??? ????? C. to be discussed????? D. discussing
46.(崇文上期末33)Some animals eat only one type of food even when _____?the choice.
A．giving???????????????? B．gives?????????????????? C．given????????????????? D．to give