(共31张PPT)
Unit 4 Finding your way
Grammar
Lead in
Let’s describe the picture.
There is/ are...
There is a tree on the picture.
There is a cat in the tree.
There are some pears on the tree.
There are some grass and flowers under the tree.
The sun is shining brightly.
Is there ___ apple on the tree
an
定义
冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能独立使用,常常放在名词前,帮助说明这个名词的含义。
Presentation
冠词
冠词的分类
不定冠词:a, an
定冠词:the
零冠词:不用冠词
冠词
不定冠词: 表示泛指,不确定的,相当于中文中的某一个
定冠词: 表示特定的人或物。相当于this / that 或these/those
零冠词: 指的是不用冠词的情况
(1)表示某一类人或事物。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
(2)表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
This is an apple.
这是一个苹果。
1. 不定冠词a和an
(3)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
I met an old man on my way to school.
我在上学的路上遇到了一位老人。
(4)表示“一个”的意思。
He tried sending a picture of a face.他试着发送一张脸部照片。
(5)有时也表示“每”的意思。
We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。
(1)指上文已提到的人或物或谈话双方都知道的人或物。
There is a girl under the tree. The girl is Peter's sister.
树下有一个女孩,这个女孩是彼得的妹妹。
(2)用在表示方向或方位的名词前。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。
2. 定冠词the
(3)用在序数词及形容词最高级前。
June is the sixth month of the year.
六月份是一年中的第六个月。
Tom is the tallest boy of the class. 汤姆是班里最高的男孩。
(4)用在西方乐器名词前。
She can play the piano/violin/guitar.
她会弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他。
(5)用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉等地理名称前。
the Yangtze River长江 the West Lake西湖
the Pacific太平洋 the Rocky Mountains落基山脉
注意:Mount Tai(泰山)除外。
(6)用在由普通名词和其他一些词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall长城 the United Nations联合国
The New York Times 《纽约时报》
(7)用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人或事物或某种抽象概念。
the old老年人 the poor穷人
注意:“the+形容词”作主语,表示一类人时,应看作复数。
(8)用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示“……一家人;……夫妇二人”。
The Greens will move to the country.
格林一家要搬到乡下去。
(9)用在某些习惯用语中。
in the field在田野里 in the sun在阳光下
on the right 在右边 by the way 顺便说一下
in the daytime 在白天 at the beginning 一开始
注意:下面短语中的名词前不加定冠词。
at dawn在黎明 at night在晚上
at noon 在正午 at dusk在黄昏
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
3. 零冠词的用法
A
Complete the conversation between Millie and Daniel with a, an or the.
Millie: Let’s go to the Panda House first.
Daniel: Here we are. I can see (1) ___ panda there. It’s lying on the grass.
Millie: How cute! I love pandas. Look! There’s (2) ____ baby panda. It’s so small.
Daniel: Yes. (3) _____ baby panda doesn’t look like its mother.
Millie: Now let’s go to see some lions.
a
a
The
Daniel: Are (4) ___ lions in (5) ___ open area
Millie: No, they aren’t. They are in (6) ___ very big cage.
Daniel: I see. (Half an hour later)
Daniel: Millie, here’s (7) ___ bridge. What can you see across it
Millie: Oh, (8) ___ elephant is standing over there.
Daniel: Let’s go across (9) ____ bridge and see (10) ____ elephant.
the
an
a
a
an
the
the
Presentation
The bird is _________ the box.
in front of
in front of 在…前面
The teacher is _____________ the classroom.
in the front of
in the front of: 在…前部
The bird is ________ the box.
behind
The bird is ________________________ the box.
beside/next to/on the right of
behind: 在…后面
beside 在…旁边
next to 紧挨着
on the right of 在右边
over表示 “在…正上方”, 强调在垂直上方。
The bird is ________ the box.
over
above一般表示“在上面,高于”,不一定垂直
The bird is ________ the box.
above
under 表示“在…下方”垂直的下方
The cat is _____ the desk.
under
below表示非垂直并不与表面接触的下方
The box is _______ the bird.
below
outside: 在…外面
The bear is _______ the box.
outside
The bear is _______ the box.
inside
inside 在…里面
between
在(两者)之间
The bird is __________ the boxes.
between
方位介词用来表示地点、方位和位移。常用的方位介词可分为以下几组:
词条 意义及用法 例句
at, in at后面接小地点,in后面接大地点。 I think they are staying at Jinling Hotel.
我认为他们正待在金陵宾馆。
When did your father arrive in Shanghai
你爸爸什么时候到达上海的?
词条 意义及用法 例句
between, among between一般指“在两者之间”,among指“在三者或三者以上之间”。 Li Lei sits between Daniel and Amy.
李雷坐在丹尼尔和埃米中间。
Mr Li stands among his students.
李老师站在他的学生们中间。
词条 意义及用法 例句
beside, next to beside指“在……旁边,在……附近”,可以和next to互换。 Come and sit beside/next to me.
过来,坐在我旁边。
词条 意义及用法 例句
above, below, over, under, on above指“在…上面”,不一定是正上方, 反义词是below; over指“在……正上面”,反义词是under; on指“在……的上面”,两者表面相互接触。 Shall I write my answer below or above the line 我应该把答案写在线下方还是线上方?
There's a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
There are some apples on the table. 桌子上有一些苹果。
词条 意义及用法 例句
inside, outside inside指“在……里面”, 反义词是outside。 Please open the windows. It's very hot inside the room.
请打开窗户,房间里面很热。
When shall we meet outside the school gate
我们什么时候在校门外见面?
词条 意义及用法 例句
in front of, behind in front of 指“在……前面”(表示在物体范围外的前面),反义词是behind。 There's a park in front of the house.
在那所房子的前面有一个公园。
Who sits behind you
谁坐在你后面?
词条 意义及用法 例句
opposite opposite指“在……对面”。 The waitress stands opposite me.
这位女服务员站在我对面。
8
B
Look at the picture below and complete her description with the correct prepositions of place.
There’s a beautiful lake in the park. Look! Two boys are rowing a boat (1)_____the lake. (2)_____________the lake there’s a football field. Some boys are playing football (3)____it. (4)_________ the football field, there are two trees. On the left, a bird is singing (5)_____ one tree. On the right, two boys are sitting (6) ______ the other tree. (7) ________the two trees, three girls are chatting (8) _____ the bench.
on
Next to/ Beside
on
In front of
in
under
Between
on
GOOD JOB