中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件: 情态动词 (共46张PPT)

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名称 中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件: 情态动词 (共46张PPT)
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(共46张PPT)
情态
2022中考英语语法专项
本课 介绍
对本章知识点及经典范例进行精讲,结合典型考题精炼巩固,
意在让学生掌握:
1.掌握情态动词 (can、chould、may、might、
must、will、would、shall、should、need、
have to等)的意义;
2.掌握情态动词的基本句型和基本用法;
3.掌握易混情态动词辨析。
经过学习,做到对情态动词的准确运用。
2022中考语法专题之 情态动词
知识导图
考法精讲练
定义:情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。
特征:在形式上,情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,have to和be able to除外,有的情态动词没有时态的变化,如must。
构成:①情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用。
②情态动词的否定式一般在其后面加not构成,一般疑问句通常将其提到句首。
1. 情态动词的基本用法(2020.34, 2017.30)
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
can (2020.34, 2017.30) 表示能力,意为 “能,会”。可与be able to相互转化。(2020.34, 2017.30) I can say “nihao” in different languages.Sorry, I can't follow you. Please say it again.
[人教七(下) Unit 5 P66]
表示请求、允许,意为 “可以”,多用于口语中。 Can you give me a hand I lost my way here.
新知导入
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
can't 表示能力,意为“不能,不会”。 I can play the piano, but I can't sing or dance.
[人教七(下)Unit 1 P88]
表示拒绝对方的请求或者不同意/不允许,意为“不可以”。 You can't take the book out of the library without permission.
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
could can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。 My father could speak ten languages.
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求,回答时只能用can,不用could. Could you take a message for me
couldn't could的否定式,意为“不能,不会”。 The little girl was so young that she couldn't eat with chopsticks.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果农民能开始在盐水中种植水稻,中国的粮食供应肯定会增加。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能;can可能;mustn’t禁止;must一定。根据下文“China’s food supply will surely rise.”可知,这里是说如果农民“能够”在盐水中种植水稻,中国的粮食供应能增加。故选B。
经典范例
(2021·贵州黔西·中考真题)
If farmers ________ start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.
A.can’t B.can C.mustn’t D.Must
【典例1】
B
课堂练习
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你可以把脚抬离地面吗?我想看看我的钢笔是否在课桌下面。
考查情态动词。Must必须,表示责任或者义务;Can能,可以,表示能力或者请求,表示请求时多用在询问客观上是否“可以”;Should应该,常用来提建议;May可以,表示请求,多用于征求对方意见,用在疑问句时,主语常常是I。根据“I’d like to see if my pen is under the desk.”可知是询问对方是否“可以”把脚抬离地面,因此用can,故选B。
经典范例
(2021·江苏徐州·中考真题)
________ you raise your feet off the floor I’d like to see if my pen is under the desk.
A.Must B.Can C.Should D.May
【典例2】
B
课堂练习
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的车坏了。你能让我搭个便车吗?
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Should应该;Could可以。根据“My car is broken.”可知车坏了,请求搭便车,用Could you please ... 句型表示请求。故选D。
经典范例
(2021·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)
My car is broken. ________ you please give me a lift
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.Could
【典例3】
D
课堂练习
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——王先生,我可以骑电动自行车去学校吗?——不,你不可以。16岁以下的学生不允许骑电动自行车。
考查情态动词及一般疑问句。根据“Could I…”可知,上文表委婉的请求,肯定回答是Yes, 主语+can;否定回答是No, 主语+can’t;本句表示拒绝请求,故用can’t表不可以。故选C。
经典范例
(2021·四川乐山·中考真题)
—Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr. Wang
—No, you__________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles.
A.couldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t
【典例4】
C
课堂练习
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须,一定”。 You must clean your bedroom every day.[人教九(全)Unit 7 P52]
mustn't must的否定式,意为“一定不要,禁止”。 You mustn't pick flowers in the garden.
新知导入2must
拓展
(1)由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用“Yes, 主语+must”;否定回答常用“No, 主语+needn't/don’t have to.”,不能用mustn't回答。
(2)回答用could提问的一般疑问句,用can而不用could。
【答案】B
【详解】句意:必须告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。考查情态动词辨析。can能、会;must必须、一定;may可以、可能;might可能、也许。根据常识可知,是必须告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。故选B。
经典范例
(2021·青海西宁·中考真题)
Children ________ be told not to swim in the river.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
【典例1】
B
课堂练习
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我必须学医成为像您一样的医生吗?——不,你不必,孩子。你可以自己做决定。考查must提问的一般疑问句,用Yes, sb must./No, sb needn’t/don’t have to.回答。故选D。
经典范例
(2021·山东滨州·中考真题)
—Must I study medicine and be a doctor like you, Dad
—No, you ______, son. You’re free to make your own decision.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【典例2】
D
课堂练习
新知导入3 need
need need作情态动词,一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。 need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要”。 He needn’t do that. 他不需要那样做。
need作情态动词,在回答need引导的一般疑问句时, 肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。 —Need you go now 你需要现在去吗?
—Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t.
是,我必须(现在去)。/ 不,我不需要。
need可用作行为动词,用法与其他的行为动词一样。 need to do sth结构。 We need to think it over. 我们需要仔细考虑。
Does he need to go now 他需要现在去吗?
She didn’t need to know it. 她不需要知道它。
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——凯文,今天是星期五。明天早上你不必早起。——太好了!这些天我太累了。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;musn’t禁止;may也许;needn’t不需要。根据“it’s Friday. You…get up early tomorrow morning”可知,此处表示不需要早起,故选D。
经典范例
(2021·江苏淮安·中考真题)
—Kevin, it’s Friday. You ________ get up early tomorrow morning.
—Great! I’m so tired these days.
A.must B.mustn’t C.may D.needn’t
【典例1】
D
课堂练习
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们现在必须打扫教室吗?——不,你不必。放学后你可以打扫。考查情态动词及情景交际。Yes, you must是的, 你必须;Yes, you can是的,你可以;No, you needn’t不,不必;No, you mustn’t不,你不能;根据“You can clean it after school.”可知,此处应该是否定回答,Must I...的否定回答用needn’t,故选C。
经典范例
(2021·辽宁锦州·中考真题)
— Must we clean the classroom now
—________. You can clean it after school.
A.Yes, you must B.Yes, you can C.No, you needn’t D.No, you mustn’t
【典例2】
C
课堂练习
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他不需要买那么多食物,因为聚会上只有几个人。考查need作为实义动词的用法。need需要,可以作为实义动词,也可以作为情态动词,根据"because there will be only a fewpcople at the party”可知,聚会上只有几个人,所以是没必要买那么多食物,此空应填否定形式,排除B和C选项。作为情态动词时,后接动词原形,排除D选项,故选A。
经典范例
(2021·上海·九年级)
He ________ buy so much food because there will be only a few people at the party.
A.doesn't need to B.needs to C.need to D.needn't to
【典例3】
A
课堂练习
4 may,might
may和might 表示许可,意为“可以”。 might比may语气上更客气,更委婉。 在回答may和might引导的一般疑问句时, 肯定回答用may, 否定回答要用mustn’t。 —May/Might I go now 我可以现在去吗?
—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. 是,你可以。/ 不,你一定不要。
May/Might I have a talk with you 我可以和你聊聊吗?
表示可能性,意为“可能”, might的可能性比较小。 You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.
你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。
He may/might be sick. 他可能是病了。
They might/may have gone out at that time.
在那个时候,他们可能出去了。
表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词) May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——明天天气如何?——可能是雨天,多云或晴天。我不确定。
考查情态动词用法。must必须,一定,表肯定推测;may可能,表肯定推测;can’t不可能,一定不,表否定推测;should应该,不表推测。此处是情态动词表推测,排除选项D;根据空后“ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. I am not sure.”可知,此处是肯定推测,并且表“可能是雨天,多云或晴天”,排除选项C和A。故选B。
经典范例
(2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)
—What will the weather be like tomorrow
—It ________ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. I am not sure.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.should
【典例1】
B
课堂练习
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——明天天气如何?——可能是雨天,多云或晴天。我不确定。
考查情态动词用法。must必须,一定,表肯定推测;may可能,表肯定推测;can’t不可能,一定不,表否定推测;should应该,不表推测。此处是情态动词表推测,排除选项D;根据空后“ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. I am not sure.”可知,此处是肯定推测,并且表“可能是雨天,多云或晴天”,排除选项C和A。故选B。
经典范例
(2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)
—What will the weather be like tomorrow
—It ________ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. I am not sure.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.should
【典例2】
B
课堂练习
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我现在可以跟朋友去逛街吗?——当然,但是你必须先把卧室打扫干净。考查情态动词。can能够;need必须;have to必须;may可以;must必须。根据“I hang out with my friends now”可知,此处表示请求允许,在征求对方同意时,要用may引导一般疑问句。根据“clean up your bedroom first”可知,第二空表示必须先打扫卧室,故选B。
经典范例
(2021·山东·二模)
—Mom, ________ I hang out with my friends now
—Sure, but you ________ clean up your bedroom first.
A.can; need B.may; have to C.must; need D.need; must
【典例3】
B
课堂练习
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗?——不。你必须先完成在线课程。考查情态动词。must必须;may可能;can可以,能够。根据“No.”可知不允许对方看电视,应是必须先上完网课,用must符合语境。故选A。
经典范例
(2021·湖南邵阳·中考真题)
—May I watch TV now, Mom
—No. You ________ finish your online class first.
A.must B.may C.can
【典例4】
A
课堂练习
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
should/ ought to 意为“应该”,表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告或建议。 You ought to give up smoking.
表示征询意见, 常用于疑问句中。 Should I take my temperature?[人教八(下)Unit 1 P2]
shouldn't 意为“不应该”。 We shouldn't depend so much on our parents.
[鲁教九(全)Unit 9 P66]
其他情态动词
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
had better 意为“最好”。多用于第二人称,否定形式为had better not。 You had better not be late for school.[译林牛津八(上)Unit 4 P48]
have to 意为“不得不”, 多表示客观必要。 I have to study for a math test.
don't have to 意为“不需要”,回答must提问的问句。 —Must we finish the task now
—No, we don't have to.
现学现用
1. Parents ________ put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
A. should B. can C. may D. might
2. —________ I have a talk with you now
—Sorry, I'm quite busy.
A. Will B. Must C. May D. Need
A
C
3. Because of the rain, I ________ stay in the coffee shop waiting for it to stop.
A. will B. could C. can D. have to
4. —Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A. could B. need C. couldn't D. needn't
D
C
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——艾伦,我们今天下午去书店好吗?——对不起,杰克,我得去火车站接我表弟。考查情态动词辨析。can能、会;have to必须、不得不;must必须。根据前句“I’m sorry,”可知,应是不得不去火车站接表弟。故选B。
经典范例
(2021·山东临沭·二模)
—Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon
—I’m sorry, Jack, but I ________ meet my cousin at the train station.
A.can B.have to C.must
【典例1】
B
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我牙疼,妈妈。——哦,你不应该吃太多糖果。
考查情态动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不需要;wouldn’t将不会;may not不可以。根据上句句意可推知,应是应该吃太多糖果。故选A。
经典范例
(2021·山东即墨·一模)
—I’ve got a toothache, mom.
—Oh, you ______ eat too many sweets.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.may not
【典例3】
A
2. 情态动词表推测
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测,100%的可能性,意为“一定,肯定”。 They must be very tired after a long walk.
2. 情态动词表推测
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
can't 表示否定推测,语气强烈。意为“一定不,不可能”,可能性几乎为零。 Danny can't be playing on the playground. I saw him in the library just now.
[冀教九(全)Unit 4 P62]
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
may 意为“有可能,也许”,用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测。 The plane may be put off because of the terrible weather.
might 表推测,意为“有可能,也许”,可能性低于may,语气缓和,较委婉。 She might have gone to the library. She likes reading there in the afternoon.
2. 情态动词表推测
考点链接
( )01. --Is that Tom over there --It be him.He is on the plane to Chengdu now. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.may not D.needn’t
( )02. This pair of glasses be Tony’s.He is the only one who wears glasses. A.must B.might C.can’t D.should
( )03. --Mum,I have signed for the box.What is in it --I am not sure.It be a gift from your uncle. A.need B.must C.may D.will
( )04. --Is that red hat Mrs.Brown’s --It be hers.She hates! A.may not B.can C.can’t D.mustn’t
B
A
C
C
3一般疑问句的回答
疑问词 肯定回答 否定回答 May... Yes, you can. No,you mustn't. No,you can't.
Must... Yes, you must. No,you needn't. No,you don't have to.
Need... Yes, you must. No,you needn't.
Could... Yes, you can. No,you can't.
考点链接
( )01. --May I take the dog with me,sir -- .Pets are not allowed to enter the hall. A.Yes,you may C.Yes,you can. B.No,you mustn’t D.No,you needn’t ( )02. --Must the children get up at six tomorrow morning --No,they .Let them have a good sleep. A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
( )03. --Could I invite my friends to the party on Sunday --Of course you .That sounds like fun. A.may B.must C.could D.can
B
B
D
河北6年真题明考法
1. (2020河北34题)________ you smell something burning Go and see what's happening.
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need
2. (2017河北30题)I have travelled a lot. I ________ speak four languages.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
A
A
综合提升
1. —May I watch TV, Dad
—When your homework is finished, you ________.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
2. —Mum, I've signed for the box. What's in it
—I'm not sure. It ________ be a present from your uncle.
A. need B. must C. may D. will
3. Please don't make so much noise. I ________ hear the speaker very well.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. shouldn't
B
C
C
4. —Do you have any plans for this Sunday
—I'm not sure. I ________ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
5. —I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours
—Yes, you ________.
A. can B. must C. could D. should
6. You ________ drive your car so fast. It's very dangerous.
A. wouldn't B. shouldn't
C. couldn't D. mightn't
C
A
B
7. There's enough time for you to go to the airport. You ________ hurry now.
A. should B. needn't C. must D. can't
8. —Must we leave the library before 5 o'clock
—No, you ________. You can stay here until 5:30.
A. needn't B. need C. can't D. can
9. I'm doing a study about students' hobbies. ________ I ask you some questions
A. Must B. Should C. May D. Need
B
A
C
10. You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It ________ kill plants, animals and even people.
A. might B. might not
C. should D. shouldn't
11. —The tall man with glasses over there looks like our English teacher.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to the countryside as a volunteer teacher this term.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
A
C
12. —Look! People outside are wearing thick coats.
—The weather ________ be very cold.
A. might B. must C. can't D. mustn't
B
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