2022年中考英语阅读理解答题技巧(选择型&还原型七选五) (共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
中考英语阅读理解答题技巧
(选择型&还原型七选五)
中考专题复习
选择型阅读理解考题类型：
1.细节理解题
2.推理判断题
3.词义/句义猜测题
4.文章结构题
5.主旨大意题
各类型解题技巧
一.、细节理解题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
常考设问方式：
(1) How many species of bees are there in the world
(2) Which of the following is (NOT)true according to
the passage
(3) Put the events about Irving in the correct order.
(4) Match the countries with the information and
choose the right answer.
解题技巧1：题干定位法
1）认真审题，找准关键词
2）浏览文章，迅速定位
3）细读相关文段确定答案
e.g.How many species of bees are there in the world
...during the time they've found a position in almost every partof the earth.There are over 20, 000 species(物种）of bees,but these wonderful insects-who've survived(存活）awhole host of chances since they first appeared on our plan-et-are now in great danger.
解题技巧2：选项定位法
1）认真审选项，找准关键词
2）浏览文章，迅速定位
3）细读相关文段，逐个判断，确定答案
...It seems that everybody tells lies well,not big lies. but what we call "white lies". Telling white lies isn't that bad. Most of the time,people doit because they want to protect a friendship.
e.g. Which of the following is NOT true
A. White lies are not big lies
B. In fact, everybody tells lies.
C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship.
D. White lies are harmful to friendship.
D
解题技巧3：选项定位排序/匹配法
1）认真审左右栏，找准关键词
2）浏览文章，迅速定位
3）结合关键词（时间/地点），完成排序/搭配
4）根据排序结果，确定答案
e.g.
(1)Put the events about Irving in the correct order.
(2) Match the countries with the information and choose the right answer.
a. Children go to school with batteries.
b. Children take the charged batteries home.
c. Children have classes while the batteries are being charged.
d. Children put the batteries into the bottom of their
school's Solar Cow.
①In 1783 a. The Flyer.
②In 1830 b. Hot-air balloons.
③In 1902 c. Gliders with wheels.
④In 1905 d. Gliders with engine.
二、推理判断题
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，包括细节隐含意义、语义逻辑、作者态度、作者意图、文章出处、读者身份等的推断。
常考设问方式：
(1) What can we infer from the passage/the last paragraph
(2) What can we know about Kish from the passage
(3) Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3.
(4) What's the writer's opinion about genes and environment
(5) What's the purpose of the passage
(6) Where may the passage come from
(7) Who would the author write the passage mainly for
解题技巧1：选项定位法
1）跳读文章，找相关信息点
2）细读理解信息点字面意思
3）理解深究信息点深层含义（言外之意）
4）结合选项，确定答案
e.g.
What can we infer from the passage/the last paragraph
What can we know about Kish from the passage
e.g.
...So one night, I was walking around the cowshed with a torch(手电筒), and that day, the lions didn't come. And I discovered that lions were afraid of a moving light. So I had an idea...
1. What can we get from the passage
A. The lion killed all the cows.
B. Turere killed the lion at last.
C. The lion no longer lived in the park.
D. Turere's invention made peace with lions.
注意：
1.此类题目无法从原文找到一模一样的句子
2.过于绝对的选项基本上不可能是答案。比如出现
only,must,all,never等词。
D
解题技巧2：
A: 结构突破法
1）观察空格所在位置
段首：总结概括
段中：平行句、比较句、转折句
段尾：总结、展望未来
2）联系段落内容，做出判断，选出正确答案
B: 关键词突破法
1）观察空格前后，找到关键词
常见关键词：同义词、代词、关联词（逻辑关系）
2）结合关键词，选出正确答案
e.g. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3.
e.g. ...the last 400 metres. Fredrik was trying to tie some rope buthe slipped(滑倒）and fell past Gerlinde. He fell 1, 000 metres and was killed.
_____K2 was now a very sad place for her, and she thought perhaps she would never climb the mountain.
1.Choose the best sentenceto fill in the blank “__”in Para.7.
A. Gerlinde went on climbing.
B. Gerlinde wanted to try again.
C. Gerlinde went back to base-camp.
D. Gerlinde tied some rope to the rocks.
c
e.g. We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. _______. They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
1. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “______” in this paragraph.
A. He became famous when he was a young man.
B. He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C. It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D. People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
c
解题技巧3：关键词、段入手法
1）认真阅读题干，找出关键词
2）找出文中与题干相关的词语或者段落
3）结合选项，找出答案
e.g. What's the writer's opinion about genes and environment
表达情绪，气氛，观点的词语
What's the purpose of the passage
关注第一段和最后一段找准文章主旨
Where may the passage come from
看内容和关键词
产品推销→广告；生平事迹→传记；介绍评价书籍→书评
科普知识→杂志
click→网站；research/experiment/study→报告论文；
health/food→杂志；文章前有日期→新闻
Who would the author write the passage mainly for
关注第一段和最后一段内容
三、词义/句义猜测题
猜测词义/句义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义/句义能力。
常考设问方式：
(1) What does the underlined word “...”(in ParagraphX) mean
(2) What does the underlined word “it / they / that / others”
in Paragraph X refer to
(3) What does theunderlined sentence (in ParagraphX) mean
解题技巧：联系上下文猜测词义/句义
1）明确题干，在原文中准确定位
2）分析词/句前后的语义和逻辑关联，初步确定答案
3）将选定答案代入原文，复核语义逻辑，确定答案
e.g.Besides the usual classrooms and laboatories,the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters.
The underlined word means____.
A. 教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程
B
四、文章结构题
文章结构题主要考查学生对语篇结构的理解常见结构有：总分；分总；总分总；。
常考设问方式：
Which of the following best show the structure of the passage
The structure of the passage may be____.
解题技巧：由小到大；由段到篇
1）找出每段的中心句，了解段落大意
2）将相同段落放在一起，进行结构划分
五、主旨大意题（最佳标题）
主旨大意题旨在考查学生对段落/全文主题、理解中心思想、归纳与概括信息的能力。
常考设问方式：
(1)What is the main idea of Paragraph X
(2)What's the main idea of the passage
(3) What does Paragraph X mainly talk about
(4) What is the passage mainly about
(5)What/Which would be the best title for the passage
解题技巧：看内容看高频词（≧50%原则）
1）通读全文，明确文章大意（可跳读每段段首和短尾）2）提炼总结段落大意
3）分析选项选出最佳答案
注意：
以偏概全；断章取义；主题放大；张冠李戴
还原短文型阅读理解（7选5）
1.细节设空
2.衔接过渡设空
3.主旨概括设空
1.细节设空题
经常出现在段中，考查段落句子内部之间逻辑关系。
2.衔接过渡设空题
出现在首段结尾或者段落中间，衔接设空前后内容。
3.主旨概括设空题
位置一般在段首，对段落主题句进行考查。（俗称“小标题”）
解题步骤：
Step1 通读全文，了解文章结构脉络，了解设空位
置预判选填内容
Step2 读选项，明确每个选项具体内容，尤其注意
那种过渡句和总结句
Step3 细读设空句前后内容，分析它们之间的逻辑
关系
Step4 结合上述分析和选项试填答案
Step5 将初步确定答案代入原文，确保语义顺畅，
符合逻辑
转折让步：however,but,while,even if/though
并列递进：and,also,besides,first second,not only... but also
因果：as,because,for,so,therefore,as a result
解释例证: for example, such as, that is to say, it means,in fact
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