2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究二、代词（基础知识、例题及练习题）

语法专题研究2——代词
Ⅰ.命题点1——人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
ⅰ.基础知识——人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表
类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 (oneself)
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
ⅱ.考向
考向一 辨人称
当选项为不同人称的同一形式时(如my，your，her，his)，考生需要根据题干中的提示词及语境判断应该用哪一人称及其单复数(第一、第二、第三人称)。如果是第三人称还需要判断所表示的性别。具体判断方法如下：
①题干中有mother，girl等代表女性的名词或女孩名时，应用与she相关的词(she，her，hers，herself)；
②题干中有father，boy等表示男性的名词或男孩名时，应用与he相关的词(he，him，his，himself)；
③题干中有some people，a group of students等表示第三人称复数时，应用与they 相关的词(they，them，their，theirs，themselves)。
例题：
Mrs. Smith often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer up.
A.her B.them C.him D.us
考向二 辨形式
解答此类试题的关键是要分析空格部分在句子中所作的成分，同时要掌握人称代词(主格、宾格)、物主代词(形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词)和反身代词的用法。具体方法如下：
①如果在动词或系动词前，则作主语，需用人称代词的主格或者名词性物主代词。
例：She is my sister. 她是我的姐姐/妹妹。
This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.这是我的钢笔。你的(钢笔)在书桌上。
②如果在动词或介词后，则作宾语，需用人称代词宾格、名词性物主代词或者反身代词。
例：My father gives me some suggestions. 爸爸给了我一些建议。
He is old enough. He can take care of himself.
他足够大了，能够自己照顾自己。
③如果在系动词之后，则作表语，需用人称代词宾格、名词性物主代词或者反身代词。
例：This dress is hers. 这件裙子是她的。
④如果在名词前，则作定语，需用形容词性物主代词。
例：His telephone number is 357-5689. 他的电话号码是357-5689。
考向三 混合辨析
混合辨析，选项涉及人称代词宾格和反身代词之间的混合辨析。解答此类试题主要是根据语境判断用何种人称和形式。
例题：Aunt Tina will visit us soon. will arrive at our home tomorrow morning.
A.You B.She C.Your D.Her
ⅲ.基本用法：
1.人称代词的用法
①主格，作主语，位于动词或系动词之前；
例：He is a student. 他是一名学生。
②宾格，作宾语，位于动词或介词之后；
例：Give it to me. 把它给我。
2.物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词，作定语，后接名词；
例：This is her computer. 这是她的电脑。
②名词性物主代词：
作主语；
例：This isn’t my book. Mine is on the desk. 这不是我的书。我的在桌子上。
作宾语；
例：I can’t find my ruler. Can I use yours
我找不到我的尺子了。我可以用你的吗
作表语；
例：The green pen is hers. 这支绿色的钢笔是她的。
【补充】用于固定搭配中：
all one’s life 某人一生，终生； change one’s mind改变某人的主意；
do/try one’s best 尽某人最大努力； hold one’s breath 某人屏住呼吸；
make up one’s mind某人下定决心； take one’s time不着急，慢慢来；
lose one’s life某人丧生； lose one’s way某人迷路；
to one’s surprise使某人感到惊奇的是； with one’s help在某人的帮助下
【注意】：
①形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。具有名词的特征，后面不带名词，须单独使用。
②当表示强调时，形容词性物主代词可与own连用，意为“某人自己的”。
例：my own room我自己的房间。
3.反身代词的用法
①作宾语，位于动词或介词之后；
例：He hurt himself. He has a sore back. 他伤到了自己。他背疼。
②作表语，位于系动词之后；
例：The poor boy in the story was myself.
故事里的穷小子就是我自己。
③作同位语，位于名词或代词之后，或位于句末；
例：I myself did it.= I did it myself.
我自己做到了。
【补充】用于固定搭配中：
by oneself 单独； come to oneself 恢复知觉； dress oneself 打扮自己；
speak/talk to oneself 自言自语； help oneself (to) 自用(食物等)；
keep sth. to oneself 保密； learn sth. by oneself 自学；
look after oneself 照顾某人自己； lose oneself 失去自我；
say to oneself 对自己说； enjoy oneself 玩得愉快； teach oneself 自学
ⅳ.练习题：
1.Since Peter isn’t here, may I leave a message for .
A.them B.him C.her D.me
2.Jack is happy. Ms.Wang, an excellent teacher, teaches math this term.
A.he B.him C.himself D.his
3.The little boy said, “I am old enough to take good care of .”(my)
4.The five boys attended a birthday party and they enjoyed (they) very much.
5.Their lifestyle is quite different from (we).
6.In many families today, dogs are (they) best friends.
7.My father is a good doctor. works hard to help his patients.
A.He B.It C.His D.Its
8.I’m surprised at the new look of hometown.
A.myself B.herself C.my D.her
9.Tom’s iPad is much newer than . And it is also more expensive.
A.she B.my C.her D.mine
10.In our lives, our parents give us love and warmth. In return, we should understand and care about .
A.we B.your C.them D.it
11.The young should learn to make decisions by (they).
12.Boys and girls, safety comes first! It’s important for you to learn to protect
(you).
13.My cousin has a pet dog. (it) name is Wang-wang.
14.Though the boy is young, he can dress (he) without anyone’s help.
15.This is my jacket. The one on the bed is (you).
16.It means everything for (he) to get good grades in the exam.
17.Doctor Bethune sometimes had to treat the wounded on (he) own.
18.The headmaster introduced (we) to the German visitors before the welcome party.
19.Mrs. Cook plans to give away all money to charity.
20.Lucy and Claire are sisters. often help their mother do the housework.
Ⅱ.命题点2——普通不定代词
ⅰ.基础知识
1.another，other，the other，others & the others
another，意为“再一个，另一个”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个；
常用搭配：one another(=each other）相互
other，意为“别的”，泛指，可修饰名词，其后跟可数名词复数；
the other，意为“另一个”，特指，两者中的另一个；
常用搭配：one... the other... 一个......，另一个......
others，意为“其余的，别的”，泛指，表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体；常用搭配：some... others... 一些......，另一些......
the others，意为“其余的，别的”，特指，一定范围内除去一部分后，剩余的全部人或物；
2.both，either & neither
相同点：均用于两个人或物。
不同点：①both，指“两者都”，常与and连用。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
②either，指“两者中的任意一个”，通常与or 连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
③neither，指“两者中没有一个（全否定）”，通常与nor连用。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
3.all，any & none
相同点：均用于三个或三个以上的人或物。
不同点：①all，指“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。作主语时，谓语动词用复
数，其反义词为none。
②any，指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”。
③none，指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”，≈not any。
4.a little，little，a few & few
肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词
a little一点 little几乎没有 不可数名词
a few一些，几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数
5.each & every
相同点：each和“every+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
不同点：①each，用作形容词或代词，可单独使用，强调个体指两者或两者
以上的人或事物中的“每一个”后可加of短语；
②every，仅作定语，不可单独使用，强调整体，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，后不可加of短语。
6.many & much
many，“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，例：many trees；
much，“许多”，修饰不可数名词，例：much milk。
7.some & any
相同点：均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量。
不同点：①some，一般用于肯定句中，也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中，表
示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。
②any，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何（一个/一些）”。
ⅱ.【总结】：
1.both 表示“两者都”，both... ...，表示“......和......都”；all表示“ 及以上都”；neither表示“两者都不”，neither... ...表示“既不......也不......”；none表示“三者及以上都不”；either表示“两者中的任何一个”；every表示“三者及以上中的每一个”；
2.some一般用于 中；any多用于疑问句、 或条件句中。
3. many用于修饰 ，表示“许多”；much用于修饰不可数名词，表示“许多”。
4.a little和little后跟不可数名词。a little 表示肯定意义；little表示 意义。a few和few后跟 。a few表示 ；few表示否定意义。
ⅲ.练习题：
21.My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on
sides of the road.
A.all B.both C.neither D.either
22.--Can I come today or tomorrow
-- is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None
23.Li Hua’s parents hold different opinions on whether they should have child.
A.another B.other C.others D.the other
24.Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have time left.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
25.You can keep one of the two old photos. of them is OK.
A.Neither B.Both C.Either D.None
26. of my club members are trying their best, because they want to win.
A.None B.All C.Any D.Some
27.I got many clothes last year. But of them are in fashion now.
A.all B.both C.neither D.none
28.He got up to get some hot water but found there was left in the bottle.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
Ⅲ.命题点3——复合不定代词
ⅰ.基础知识
形式 表肯定概念 表否定概念
-body somebody某人 everybody 每个人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人
-one someone某人 everyone 每个人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人
-thing something某事物 everything 每件事 anything 任何事物 nothing 没有东西
1.初中常见的复合不定代词
2.复合不定代词的用法
由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别基本相同，即someone，somebody，something通常用于肯定句；
anyone，anybody，anything 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。
当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词之后。
例：The children learn that something bad is going to happen.
孩子们意识到一些不好的事情即将发生。
复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例：If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you’re expected to be there at noon. 如果有人邀请你在正午见他/她，那么你就应该正午到达。
3.复合不定代词常用句型
There is something wrong with... 意为“......出问题了”。
例：There is something wrong with her teeth. 她的牙齿有问题了。
...has something/nothing to do with... 意为“......与有/无关”。
例：He realized that it had nothing to do with his brother.
他意识到这件事和他弟弟没有关系。
sb. can do nothing but... 意为“某人不能做什么只能......”。
例：We can do nothing but wait. 我们什么都不能做，只能等。
ⅱ.练习题：
29.We will have a sports meeting in October, but knows the date for sure.
A.everybody B.nobody C.anybody D.somebody
30.Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have important to tell you.
A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything
31.I can hardly eat . I am not feeling well today.
A.nothing B.anything C.everything D.something
32.He got the first place through hard work. He proved to that he was a great player.
A.nobody B.somebody C.everybody D.anybody
33.At present, children mean to most parents in China.
A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something
34.Where did you go, Dad called you just now.
A.No one B.Someone C.Anyone D.Everyone
35.He was so angry that he could say .
A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
Ⅳ.命题点4——指示代词
ⅰ.基础知识
1.常见指示代词
（1）it，特指上文提到的同一对象，同一事物。
（2）one，泛指上文提及的同类人或事物中的一个，同类而不同物，复数用ones。
（3）this (these)：①常用来指代离自己较近的人或物，单数用this，复数用these；
②指代下文要提到的人或物。
（4）that (those)：①常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复；
②指代离自己较远的人或物，单数用that，复数用those。
2.it的特殊用法
（1）作形式主语：代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。
常用于以下句型中：
①It’s+adj. (+for sb.)+ to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是…。
例：In most cultures, it is important to smile and keep the conversation light and humorous. 在大多数文化中，微笑和保持交谈轻松幽默很重要。
②It’s time to do/for/that... 到......的时间了。
例：It’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect wild animals.
我们是时候尽我们所能保护野生动物了。
③It seems that... 看起来.......。
例：It seems that most students hope to have a good education and find a good job. 看起来大多数学生希望有好成绩找到好工作。
④It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
例：It’s your tun to clean the classroom. 轮到你打扫教室了。
⑤It’s+adj.+that... ......是......。
例：It’s impossible that she can work out this problem by herself.
她自己算出这道题是不可能的。
⑥It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人)花费一些时间做某事。
例：It takes hours to get out of the airports and into the city.
从机场出来到市区需要花费数小时。
（2）作形式宾语：常用在动词find，think，make，consider，feel等后。
例：I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.
我不得不说我发现记住所有的事情很难，但是我逐渐在适应这种情况。
ⅱ.练习题：
36.--I’m a little hungry, Mum!
--There are some apple pies on the table, you may take .
A.it B.this C.that D.one
37.--I found had changed a lot when I went to my hometown again.
A.there B.it C.the D.this
38.The doctor advised Paul strongly that he should stop smoking, but didn’t help.
A.it B.this C.one D.that
39.Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as of Sanya.
A.it B.one C.that D.the one
40.Would you like a latest newspaper Only copy left.
A.one B.it C.this D.that
41.The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. Let’s go and buy for our new kitchen.
A.one B.it C.that D.them
专题二 代 词
一、完形填空基础题
1.Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see .
A.her B.him C.it D.them
2.Could you stay a little longer I have more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow.
A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
3.Frank is a friend of . He is a scientist from Canada.
A.my B.I C.me D.mine
4. needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.
A.Someone B.No one C.None D.Everyone
5.Mr. Black thinks it’s important for children to help parents to do some chores.
A.their B.his C.her D.my
二、选词填空基础题
everything，your，ours，neither，both，it，itself，hers
6.The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that
are bigger.
7.My pet dog hurt in the training course, so I had to take it to the hospital.
8.It’s better to keep voice down in public while you’re talking on the phone.
9.It’s such bad advice that of the twins wants to take it.
10.Money is important, but it can’t buy , especially happiness and
health.
三、语法填空基础题
11.Compared with our house, (they) is bigger.
12.We should take good care of (we) when our parents are not at home, because we have grown up.
13.The teacher is very popular in that university and (she) speech will be given the day after tomorrow.
14.As for hiking, you should always think about (you) safety first.
15.Lucy, pass (he) the book. He wants to read it.
16.There are many foreigners in our city. Most of (they) are very friendly.
四、选词填空
巴黎的迷人之处
yourself，its，check，anything，something，find， my，nobody，memories，everybody，your，someone
You can’t understand anything about the French until you’ve visited Paris. Paris is the dream trip of a lifetime, you will love every minute of 17. time that you spend in this beautiful city.
If you’re 18. who loves a little romance, then Pairs is the city for you. There you can enjoy 19. . There you can always find 20.
that you like or you want. You can find something that attracts you. But there isn’t 21.
better for two people in love! You have never lived until you walk down the colorful streets of Montmartre, with 22. little bistros (小酒馆) and exciting night life. 23. who goes there falls in love! You don’t have to do anything special—just sit down and relax and enjoy the magic that 24.
can never forget. Enjoy a delightful (使人愉快的) breakfast, 25. out from your hotel and transfer to the airport. Return home with the beautiful 26.
of your trip.
五、挑战题
1.--How many apples can I have
--You can have two. are for Jim.
A.The others B.Others C.The other D.Other
2.--Do you want coffee or tea
-- . I don’t really mind.
A.None B.Neither C.Either D.All
3.He didn’t make clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A.this B.that C.it D.these
4.There is egg at home. Will you please get for me, please
A.no；some B.not；some C.not any；any D.no；any