2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究七、形容词和副词（基础知识、例题及练习题）

专题七 形容词和副词
Ⅰ.命题点1 形容词词义辨析
ⅰ.基础知识
1.考向1同类形容词词义辨析
解答此类试题，首先要确定各选项的含义，分析语境和逻辑关系，然后确定正确答案。
例：The artist is so that he can make different changing pictures with sand.
A.common B.careless C.creative D.helpful
【方法点拨】第①步：分析四个选项，common 普通的，careless粗心的，creative 有创造力的，helpful 有帮助的，可知它们均为形容词，空格处在句中作表语；第②步：分析语境“这个画家如此 以至于他能够用沙子制作出不同的可以改变的图片。”可推测出这个画家是有创造力的。故选C。
2.考向2词义相对类形容词
词汇 含义 词汇 含义
happy 开心的 sad (令人)难过的
busy 忙碌的 free 空闲的
词汇 含义 词汇 含义
quiet 安静的 noisy 吵闹的
different 不同的 similar 相似的
difficult 困难的 easy 容易的
special 特别的 common 普通的
beautiful 美丽的 ugly 丑陋的
cheap 便宜的 expensive 昂贵的
hot 炎热的 cool 凉爽的
early 早的 late 迟的
long 长的 short 短的
heavy 重的 light 轻的
safe 安全的 dangerous 危险的
3.考向3形容词短语
1.与about搭配：
be careful about 对......小心； be certain/sure about 对......有把握
be crazy about 对......热衷； be sorry about 对......感到抱歉；
be worried about 对......担忧
2.与at搭配
be angry at 对......生气； be clever at 在......方面熟练；
be good at 擅长于； be mad at 对......愤怒；
be surprised at 对......感到惊奇；
3.与for搭配
be bad for 对......有坏处； be good for 对......有好处；
be late for迟到； be famous/known/well-known for 因......而著名；
be sorry for为.....感到抱歉； be thirsty for 渴望；
be/get ready for为......做好准备；
4.与from搭配
be absent from 缺席； be different from 与......不同；
5.与in搭配
be disappointed in 对......失望； be interested in对......感兴趣；
be successful in 在......方面成功； be weak in 在......方面薄弱
6.与of搭配
be afraid of 害怕； be fond of 喜欢； be full of充满；
be proud of 对......感到自豪； be certain/sure of 对......有把握；
be/get tired of 对......感到厌倦； be short of 短缺
7.与to搭配
be close to接近，靠近； be friendly to 对......友好； be kind to 对......和蔼；
be good to 对......好； be polite to 对......礼貌； be nice to 对......友好；
be similar to 与......相似； be rude to 对......粗鲁； be useful to 对......有用；
be thankful to 对......心存感激
8.与with搭配
be angry with对......生气； be busy with 忙于； be careful with 小心；
be filled with充满； be happy/pleased/satisfied with 对......感到满意；
be patient with 对......有耐心； be strict with 对......严格要求；
ⅱ.练习题
1.After the football match, the players were very and tired.
A.cool B.full C.lively D.thirsty
2.--How are you getting along with your English study
--Much better. I don’t feel it as as before.
A.interesting B.much C.difficult D.easy
3.Tina is very . Her face often turns red while answering questions in class.
A.shy B.active C.smart D.outgoing
4.Jenny is afraid to travel by plane. She always feels when getting on it.
A.nervous B.interested C.relaxed D.happy
5.In order to sell more products, we need to come up with more ideas.
A.true B.common C.simple D.creative
6.I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty .
A.free B.dirty C.polluted D.serious
7.Ann grows up in a family. So she always feels happy when she gets home.
A.rich B.strict C.loving D.fresh
8.Many teenagers don’t like to talk with their parents. But I am them. I love to share my joy and sorrow with my parents.
A.the same as B.different from C.interested in D.angry with
9.The policeman has the ability to stay when something dangerous happens.
A.calm B.excited C.afraid D.noisy
10.This dog looks . It’s wearing red shoes.
A.clever B.brave C.funny D.stupid
11.Susan never gets upset when she has to wait in line. She is very .
A.excited B.honest C.outgoing D.patient
12.Don’t play games on the computer all day. It’s to your eyes.
A.harmful B.useful C.helpful D.thankful
13.If your best friend tells you his secrets, it’s for you to keep them for him. By doing this, you can win his trust.
A.special B.necessary C.possible D.unnecessary
14.He has read many books about China, so it’s for him to answer these questions about China.
A.difficult B.impossible C.easy D.possible
15.Kate is always curious about musical instruments. She often learns them in her
time.
A.busy B.poor C.spare D.kind
16.The teacher felt very when she heard that her student fell ill.
A.worried B.common C.angry D.wrong
17.The old man was so the good news that he couldn’t say a word.
A.interested in B.afraid of C.worried about D.excited about
Ⅱ.命题点2副词词义辨析
ⅰ.基础知识1.常见以-ly结尾的副词
副词 含义 副词 含义
badly 差地 bravely 勇敢地
busily 忙碌地 carefully 小心地
carelessly 粗心地 certainly 确定地
closely 紧密地 clearly 清晰地
easily 容易地 especially 尤其是，特别是
excitedly 兴奋地 exactly 准确地
finally 最后，最终 freely 自由地
hardly 几乎不 happily 快乐地
heavily 沉重地，剧烈地 immediately 立刻
luckily 幸运地 loudly 大声地
mainly 主要地 mostly 大部分地
nearly 几乎 possibly 可能
probably 也许，可能 properly 合适地
quickly 快速地 quietly 安静地
really 真正地 regularly 定期地
sadly 悲伤地 safely 安全地
silently 沉默地 slowly 慢慢地
softly 温柔地 suddenly 突然
2.常见时间副词
时间副词(组) 含义 时间副词(组) 含义
late 晚，迟 later 晚些时候，过些时间
early 早，提早，早期 then 然后
ago 以前，更早 already 已经
soon 很快 before 在......之前
once 曾经，以前 now 现在
just now 刚才 at once 立刻，马上
3.常见连接副词
连接副词 含义 连接副词 含义
besides 此外，而且 however 然而
then 于是，那么 instead 而不是，代替
therefore 因此 also 也
4.常见程度副词
程度副词 含义 程度副词 含义
just 仅仅，只 nearly 几乎，差不多
almost 几乎，差不多 still 仍然
only 只，仅仅 even 甚至
too 太，过于，非常 very 非常，很
hardly 几乎不 so/such 如此
rather 相当，颇 quite 相当地
enough 足够地 much 很大程度上地
5.常见疑问副词
疑问副词 含义 作用
where 在哪里，到哪里 对地点提问，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
when 何时，什么时候 对时间提问，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
why 为什么 对原因提问，回答常用because 引导的句子，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
how 怎样，怎么，如何 对方式提问，可引导宾语从句
6.常见频度副词
频度副词 含义 频度副词 含义
always 总是 usually 通常地，惯常地
often 经常 sometimes 有时
seldom 很少，不常 never 绝不
7.常见地点副词
地点副词(组) 含义 地点副词 含义(组)
here 这儿 there 那儿
inside 在里面 outside 在外面
upstairs 在楼上 downstairs 在楼下
everywhere 每个地方 anywhere 任何地方
home 家里 away 在远处，离开
above 在......上边 behind 在......后边
here and there 到处，处处 over there 在那里
ⅱ.练习题
18.--It rained and lasted for a long time yesterday.
--Too bad! Even some streets were full of water.
A.hardly B.strongly C.terrible D.heavily
19.Allen always behaves , so many people like him.
A.easily B.politely C.friendly D.lively
20.To our surprise, the computer won the chess game against the human player.
A.certainly B.usually C.finally D.mostly
21.Nowadays some parents spend more time on mobile phones so that they
care for their kids.
A.often B.seldom C.usually D.sometimes
22.I can’t hear the teacher with so much noise outside.
A.clearly B.slowly C.warmly D.bravely
23.He has read the book three times, but he will read it a fourth time because it’s really interesting.
A.yet B.already C.finally D.soon
24.It was late. She opened the door because she didn’t want to wake up her parents.
A.heavily B.loudly C.quietly D.angrily
25.He is afraid of high places, so he travels by air.
A.seldom B.sometimes C.always D.often
26.-- will you go this summer vacation, Helen
--Maybe I will go to Qingdao.
A.How B.When C.Where D.Why
Ⅲ.命题点3形容词和副词的比较等级
ⅰ.基础知识
1.形容词和副词的比较等级变化表
（1）规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 直接在词尾加-er，-est young tall younger taller youngest tallest
以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r，-st nice large nicer larger nicest largest
单音节词和少数双音节词 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest
辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-er，-est happy easy healthy happier easier healthier happiest easiest healthiest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加 more，most careful more careful most careful
（2）不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
原级 比较级 最高级
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
下面这些变比较等级的规则，你记住了吗
1.一般情况下，直接在词尾加 (比较级)， (最高级)。
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r，-st。
3.以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则 这一辅音字母，再加-er，-est。
4.辅音字母加 y结尾，变y为 ，再加-er，
5.在有些双音节词和多音节词前加 more，most。
6.不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
many
little
good
bad
far
2.形容词和副词比较等级的基本用法
（1）原级比较，即同级比较
①A=B：as+adj./adv.原级+as。
例：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。
Does Tara work as hard as Tina 塔娜和蒂娜学习一样刻苦吗
②A≠B：not so/as+adj./adv.原级+as。
例：I’m not so careful as Lucy. 我不如露西细心。
I can’t type so/as fast as my brother. 我打字不如我哥哥/弟弟快。
（2）比较级的用法
表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构有：
①A....+比较级(含more+多音节形容词原级)+than+B，表示“A比B更......”，即A>B。(注意比较的对象要一致)。
例：I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我的姐姐/妹妹更外向。
②有表示程度的副词(词组)a little，a bit，a lot，much，even，far等修饰时，常用形容词或副词的比较级。
例：It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。
③A...+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A不及B......”，即A例：The film was less interesting than the book. 这部电影不及那本书有趣。
④比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越......”。
例：Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
我们的国家正在变得越来越强大。
⑤the+比较级..., the+比较级...，表示“越......，就越......”。
例：The more we know each other, the better we understand each other.
我们之间了解越多就越理解彼此。
⑥表示“两者之间较......的一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。
例：Peter is the shorter of the twins. 彼得是双胞胎中较矮的那个。
⑦在两者之间进行选择，表示哪一个更......时，常用句型“Which/Who...+比较级, A or B ”表示。
例：Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao 谁更高，李明还是王涛
⑧形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义，此类结构有“否定词+比较级”，“比较级+than+any other+名词单数+in/of...”和“比较级+than+the other+名词复数”。
例：Li Lei is taller than any other student in our class.
李雷比我们班上其他同学都高。
=No one is taller than Li Lei in our class. 在我们班没有人比李雷高。
⑨倍数+比较级+than，表示“......比......几倍”。
例：The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.
长江几乎比珠江长两倍。
3.最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级。
①形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不用the。句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。
例：We went to the worst restaurant in town last night.
昨晚我们去了镇上最糟糕的饭店。
②表示“......中最......之一”时，用one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数。
例：Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.
周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
③表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时，用句型“Which/Who...the+最高级, A, B or C ”。
例：Who jumps the highest, Tom, Ben or David
汤姆、本或者大卫，谁跳得最高
④表示“第几......”时，用the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词。
例：It is the second tallest tower in the world. 这是世界上第二高的塔。
⑤形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不再加定冠词the。
例：She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
以下这些形容词、副词比较等级的判定方法，你记住了吗
1.由表示程度的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时，用形容词 。
2.由表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，
any 等修饰时，用形容词或副词的 。
3.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词或副词的 ，形容词最高级前必须加 。
ⅱ.练习题
27.--What do you think of Wilson’s speaking
--No one does in our school.
A.good B.well C.better D.best
28.We all like Lucy as she is always thinking of others than herself.
A.less B.much more C.much D.better
29.The hottest season is summer, and the (cold) is winter in China.
30.Jack is (tall) and more outgoing than me.
31.There will be (little) pollution if we use fewer cars and take more buses.
32.The love from our parents is the (deep) love in the world.
33.Tony always works hard. Of all the students, he did (well) in this exam.
34.Alice does her homework as (carefully) as Peter.
Ⅳ.命题点4 形容词和副词填空——针对选词填空和语法填空
ⅰ.基础知识
1.考向1选形容词或副词填空
1.如何判断空格处使用形容词
①位于系动词或感官动词后作表语。
例：Don’t be afraid to spend time on hobbies.
②位于名词前作定语。
例：Tell me your real opinion.
③常见固定搭配和句型中。
④作宾补，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。
例：The professional cyclists made the sport of cycling popular.
⑤形容词+and+形容词。
例：She is kind and humorous.
⑥位于复合不定代词之后，修饰复合不定代词。
例：I have something important to tell you.
2.如何判断空格处使用副词
①修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
例：Be quiet! He is reading carefully (careful).
That question is really (real) difficult.
②在句子中作状语，修饰整个句子。
例：Two years later, he moved to Paris, where he hoped to improve his writing.
③副词+and+副词。
例：He went out of the classroom quickly (quick) and happily.
④位于助动词、情态动词之后，常用副词。
例：He can also write songs alone.
2.考向2用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空
（1）填副词
①动词+副词/副词+动词，
例：Some children were hurt seriously (serious) in these accidents.
②副词作状语，修饰整个句子，
例：I really (real) liked this new friend.
③副词+形容词，
例：This question is extremely (extreme) difficult.
（2）填比较级
①标志词 than，much，even，far等修饰，
例：Students often forget that their parents have more (many) experience than them, and are always there to help them.
②比较级+and/or+比较级，例：better and better.
③the+比较级, the+比较级，
例：The more (many) I got to know Julie, the more (many) I’ve realized that we have a lot in common.
（3）填最高级
①上下文语境
②标志词in China，in the world，of all，
例：Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest (high) and is the most famous.
③one of+the +最高级，
例：English is one of the most important (importance) subjects.
④do one’s best，
例：The characters may not be perfect, but they try their best (good) to solve their
problems.
⑤the+序数词+最高级，
例：Among the four seas off the coast of China, the East China Sea is the second deepest (deep).
（4）填名词
①固定搭配，例：make a difference（different).
②位于冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后，
例：the beautiful flower.
③名词短语，例：sports meeting.
④and/or连接并列相同成分，且and/or前或后是名词时，
例：I like eating noodles and dumplings.
【知识必备】
1. 形容词变副词
①一般情况加-ly，
例：serious→seriously；different→differently；real→really；successful→successfully；loud→loudly；quick→quickly；clear→clearly；deep→deeply；final→finally；quiet→quietly；slow→slowly；usual→usually；wide→widely
②以y结尾的变y为i，再加-ly，
例：lucky→luckily；heavy→heavily；angry→angrily；easy→easily；happy→happily；lucky→luckily；noisy→noisily
③以le结尾的变e为y，
例：comfortable→comfortably；gentle→gently；possible→possibly；simple→simply；terrible→terribly
2.形容词变名词
①以ent结尾的去t再加-ce，
例：different→difference；silent→silence；confident→confidence；patient→patience；important→importance
②加-ness，
例：dark→darkness；ill→illness；kind→kindness；sad→sadness
③其他：
例：difficult→difficulty；foreign→foreigner；high→height；true→truth；deep→depth； strange→stranger；free→freedom
3.形容词、副词变比较等级规则【详见本专题命题点3】
ⅱ.练习题
35.This deep river is d for swimmers.
36.I’m s for taking your pen by mistake.
37.The little boy cried s when his best friend moved to another city.
【拓展】
一、选词填空基础题
friendly，carefully，perfect，same，open，freely，busier，happily， rather，really，bigger，lazy，strict，empty，smartest
38.The classroom is now. All the students are in the music room.
39.Peter is the boy in our class. He often gets the fist place in final exams.
40.Many people don’t always see things the way, so they may describe the same person differently.
41.After hearing the exciting news, the girl ran to her classmates .
42.It’s hot outside. Let’s stay at home and watch a movie.
43.Mary is a warm-hearted girl. She often helps others who are in trouble.
44.Don’t be so . You should do more exercise to keep healthy.
45.Mr. Zhang is usually with his students in class. But he is friendly
after class.
46.Students are always much before exams than usual.
47.Before you answer the question, please think it .
48.Deep in his heart, Nelson Mandela wanted to help the black people to live .
49.No one is and everyone would make mistakes.
50.We’ve just moved into a house than the old one and there’s a lot of work to do.
51.You’d better keep the door , as the air in the room smells terrible.
52.I get along well with my classmates. They are all to me.
二、语法填空基础题
53.As we all know, August is the (hot) month in a year in North.
54.The old woman was (serious) ill. Her daughter looked after her day and night.
55. (final), I would like to thank you all for coming here today.
56.To my surprise, our P.E. teacher can speak English (perfect).
57.For your own (safe), please do not smoke inside the plane.
58.Walk along the road and you can find the subway station (easy).
59.The difficulties will be overcome as long as you face them (brave).
60.He is too weak. It’s (possible) for him to move the heavy box.
61.This coat is too big. Do you have a (small) one
62.Because of Wu’s hard work, (confident) and strong will, he finally succeeded.
63.The more exercise you take, the (healthy) you will be.
64.The world is changing (rapid), and we should keep up with the
pace of the change.
专题七 形容词和副词
一、完形填空基础题
1.--Diana, I forget new words quickly. How can I remember them
--Don’t worry. It’s to forget new words! I suggest you read the words and try to use them.
A.rude B.exciting C.perfect D.natural
2.--The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.
--It’s really .
A.secret B.direct C.amazing D.traditional
3.Peter spoke so that I could hardly hear him.
A.loudly B.quietly C.clearly D.patiently
4.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you
A.quickly B.happily C.slowly D.clearly
5.You’d better leave , or trouble will come to you.
A.lively B.friendly C.heavily D.quickly
6.While watching the film yesterday, I couldn’t stop laughing at some
moments.
A.humorous B.challenging C.dangerous D.surprising
7.You need not only talent but also hard work to become a football player.
A.young B.successful C.happy D.sad
8.Children aren’t allowed to play near the river because it is really .
A.noisy B.safe C.dangerous D.quiet
9.Don’t eat too much food, or you will have a toothache.
A.expensive B.sweet C.delicious D.cheap
10.The reason why Mr. White is so is that the boys broke his window just now.
A.angry B.excited C.kind D.sleepy
11.-- did you work out the problem in such a short time
--With Mr. Li’s help. And he is really a patient teacher.
A.How B.When C.Where D.Why
12.The movie will start in 20 minutes, but the bus hasn’t come, which makes me worried.
A.still B.already C.before D.ago
13.Huawei is a big international company of our country and we are all it.
A.proud of B.tired of C.bored with D.good at
二、选词填空基础题
tidy，brave，shortest，aloud，totally，impolite，heavily，better， never，always，already，clear，scientific，somewhere
14.The pain in his leg made him cry .
15.It’s a good habit to keep your room every day.
16.Look at you! You’re breathing so . We’re not even halfway there yet.
17.So far, no studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
18.It is to ask westerners about their personal information.
19.Mum tells me that I don’t need to be afraid of the difficulties and should learn to
be .
20.Young people want something different from the old generations.
21.Bob dislikes coffee, so he almost drinks it.
22.You and I changed a lot through the months and years, but the photography
remains the same.
23.Boys and girls, be quick. Let’s see who can work out the problem in the
time.
24.Our coach was satisfied with us because our team played much
this term.
25.The summer vacation is coming, and I plan to go cool to have a good rest.
三、语法填空基础题
26.TikTok, which is (sudden) everywhere on the Internet, is making its way into our lives.
27.Mr. Jiang’s robot irons his business suit (smooth) every morning.
28.As we know, Huawei technology has been developing (rapid).
29.The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn’t hide her
(sad).
30.When travelling in Singapore, you can (simple) speak Putonghua a lot of the time.
31. (lucky), people tried their best to put out the big fire in the forest.
32.Go (slow). The best things come when you least expect them to.
33.Talking with others while driving will (easy) cause traffic accidents.
34.As long as you use mobile phones (correct), you will learn a lot from it.
35.When the class begins, students (usual) stand up politely and say hello to teachers.
36.My grandfather can’t see anything (clear) if he doesn’t wear his glasses.
37.In winter, compared with Xiamen, Harbin is the (cold) of the two cities.
38.It seems that many young people set (high) goals for themselves nowadays than before.
39.I think parents should teach their children to behave (proper) in public.
40.Tom is afraid to tell the (true) because his father may get angry.
四、语法填空 Karim的假期经历
Hi, Kate!
I hope you’re well.
I had 41. fantastic time on holiday in Greece. The only problem was that time went by so 42. (quick). Mum and dad took us to the island where they filmed Mamma Mia—it was quite amazing! We went on a 43.
(wonder) trip around the island and visited the church where Sam and Donna got married——it was so cool! We chose a place among many 44. (careful) before coming here. The island is magical and it’s easy to understand 45.
they chose it for the film. It’s such a 46. (success) palace for the many TV or movie stars. Mum and dad usually take us to see hundreds of 47.
(museum). And we really get bored. We’re not interested 48. history, museums and stuff (东西) like that—maybe mum and dad have 49. (final) realized! Anyway, hope you and Tim had fun in Norway, and spent your minute 50.
(happy). See you back in school.
Love Karim
五、挑战题
1.--What do you think of the band’s performance
--It could be . I think they’re feeling very nervous.
A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
2.Aunt Jane is now over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer.
A.very B.well C.about D.almost
3.--Jimmy, where are my glasses I have looked everywhere.
--Oh, Granny. They are on your nose.
A.even B.well C.right D.ever
4.Jimmy is growing fast. He is taller than his mother.
A.far B.quite C.very D.almost
5.I was worried very much because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives .
A.lately B.late C.later D.latter
6.I enjoy 5G service very much, but it costs several times as as 4G network.
A.much B.more C.many D.little
7.--That bookstore is every Monday.
--I see, I will go there on Sunday.
A.open B.opened C.closed D.close
8.We all like Lucy as she is always thinking of others than herself.
A.less B.much more C.much D.better
9.Ken was late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
A.still B.always C.already D.almost