2022年鲁教版九年级语法专题研究九、简单句（基础知识、例题及练习题）

专题九 简单句
五大基本句型
1.S (主)+Vi. (谓)：谓语动词为不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后可接状语进行修饰。
例：①They (S) talked (V) for half an hour (介词短语作状语).
②The pen (S) writes (V) smoothly (副词作状语).
2.S (主)+V. (系)+P (表)：谓语动词为连系动词，不能表达完整的意思。
例：①This kind of food (S) tastes (V) delicious (P). (表特征)
②I (S) is getting (V) warmer and warmer (P). (表变化)
3.S (主)+Vt. (谓)+O (宾)：谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟动作的承受者（宾语）意义才能完整。
例：①She (S) plans (V) to swim (O) on Monday (介词短语作状语).
②Tom (S) enjoys (V) playing football (O).
4.S (主)+Vt. (谓)+IO (间接宾语)+DO (直接宾语)：
（1）谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，一个是动作的间接承受者。
例：①My father (S) bought (V) me (IO) a pen (DO).
②The cinema (S) will show (V) us (IO) a new movie (DO).
（2）常见跟双宾语的动词。
例：buy，pass，lend，give，teach，show，bring，offer
5.S (主)+Vt. (谓)+O (宾)+C (宾补)：
（1）说明宾语特点、身份等。
例：You (S) should keep (V) the room (O) clean (C).
（2）通过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作。
例：Dad (S) saw (V) Tom (O) playing basketball (C).
Ⅰ.命题点1 疑问句
ⅰ.知识点
1.一般疑问句
①Be+主语+其他
例：--Is she from Britain 她来自英国吗
--Yes,she is. 是的，她是。
②情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他
例：--Must I finish the report today 我必须今天完成报告吗
--Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。
③助动词+主语+动词原形+其他
例：Did she like to dance when she was young 她小时候喜欢跳舞吗
④Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
例：Have you ever been to Tibet 你去过西藏吗
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 含义 回答方式
what 什么 回答具体内容
why 为什么 答语多为原因且常用because引导
特殊疑问词 含义 回答方式
when 什么时候 答语用时间名词/短语或表时间的介词短语
where 哪里 答语用表示地点的介词短语
who 谁 答语为身份或者职业
how 怎样 回答用表示方式的介词短语或者感受的形容词
【常考how词组】如下：
特殊疑问词 含义 回答方式
how many 多少 提问数量，后跟可数名词复数
how much 多少(钱) 提问数量，后跟不可数名词的量；提问价格或程度
how often 多久一次 提问频率
how long 多长时间 提问持续的时间，答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+过去的时间点”
多长 提问物体长度
how far 多远 提问距离
how soon 多久 提问将来的时间，答语用“in+一段时间”
how old 多大 提问年龄
how fast 多快 提问速度
ⅱ.练习题
1.-- are you leaving for Shanghai
--Next week.
A.What B.Why C.How D.When
2.-- do I need to feed the pet dog
--Twice a day.
A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often
3.-- have you talked with your friends on WeChat
--Since I finished my homework.
A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How long
4.-- is it from your home to school
--It’s about ten minutes’ walk.
A.How long B.How far C.How many D.How much
5.-- do you usually share happiness with
--My parents and my best friend.
A.Who B.Whose C.What D.How
6.-- can you read in English
--About 100 words a minute.
A.How far B.How much C.How fast D.How many
7.-- do you usually go to school, Mary
--By bike.
A.When B.How C.Where D.Why
8.-- does she live
--She lives in the same neighborhood as me.
A.What B.Where C.Which D.How
9.-- will the project of high-speed railway connecting Xuzhou to Lianyungang be completed
--In about two years.
A.How long B.How far C.How soon D.How often
10.-- have hundreds of flights been canceled at the airport
--Because of the rainstorms.
A.When B.Why C.Where D.What
11.-- does your brother do
--A bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.
A.Where B.How C.What D.Which
12.-- times have you visited Zibo
--Only once.
A.How often B.How many C.How long D.How soon
Ⅱ.命题点2主谓一致与There be句型
ⅰ.基础知识
1.考向一：主谓一致
（1）语法一致原则：所谓语法一致，就是句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。
①不定代词、不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
例：Nobody believes it. 没有人相信它。
To learn English well isn’t easy. 学好英语不容易。
Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。
What he has said is very important for us all.
他所说的对我们所有人都非常重要。
The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32人。
②a number of +可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
例：A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍倒了。
③and或both...and...连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
例：Both John and Mike have attended the meeting.
约翰和迈克都参加了会议。
④a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of+名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语；
例：Lots of people have been there. 很多人去过那儿。
⑤分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语。
例：Two thirds of the work has been finished.
三分之二的工作已经被完成。
【注意】：不定代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
例：None of them has/have read the book.
他们中没有一个人读过这本书。
（2）意义一致原则：所谓意义一致，就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
①集体名词 (如：family/class team/ group/public等)作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语；
例：His family is going to move to Beijing.
他家将搬到北京去。（作为整体时，用单数）
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人正在看电视。（侧重成员时，用复数）
②集合名词(如：people/police等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
例：The police are helping a girl find her mother.
警察们正在帮助一个女孩找她妈妈。
③the+姓氏名词复数，表示“......一家”或“......夫妇”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
例：The Blacks enjoy working in China.
布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。
④the+某些形容词，表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
例：The young are energetic. 年轻人很有活力。
⑤and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物时(即and后面无冠词)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
例：A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school.
一位著名的作家兼老师将在我们学校举行一次演讲。
⑥表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
例：Two pounds isn’t so heavy. 两磅没有这么重。
Two months is a long holiday.
两个月是一个很长的假期。
（3）就近原则：所谓就近原则，就是谓语动词形式不与主语一致，而和靠近它的词一致，又叫临近原则。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...，或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致
例：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不仅仅是我父母，我也盼望看到我叔叔。
②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致
例：There is a table and two chairs in Tom’s room.
在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和两把椅子。
【拓展】：就远原则
当用作主语的成分后面跟有由with，but，except，besides，including，like，as well as，along with，in addition to，rather than，together with等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致）。
例：A woman with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
除了两个学生，没有人在教室。
2.考向2：There be句型
（1）“There+be+sb./sth.+地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be一般和邻近主语的人称和数保持一致。
例：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。
（2）“There+be+sb./sth.+地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。
例：There is no water in the bottle.
瓶子里面没有水。
（3）若变为一般疑问句，则需要把be动词提前到句首。
例：Is there a post office near here
这附近有邮局吗
（4）There be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。
例：There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.
过去这两幢楼后面有几所房子。
There will be (= There is going to be) a new film on Monday.
星期一将有一部新电影上映。
There have been a lot of accidents around here.
这附近已经发生了多起事故。
There must be a mistake somewhere.
肯定有某个地方出错了。
（5）there be与have的区别：
①there be意为“存在”，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；
②have表示所属关系，强调某人或某地有某物。
ⅱ.练习题
13.Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
14.There great changes in Tianshui in the next ten years.
A.are B.were C.will be D.are going to have
15. a clock on my desk. It wakes me up every day.
A.There are B.There be C.There is D.There has
16.There a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.
A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be
17.Neither Tom nor I interested in playing We-Chat.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
18.Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie The Wandering Earth（《流浪地球》）.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
19.Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
20.--How many lessons do you have a day
--Six. And each of them 45 minutes.
A.last B.lasts C.have D.are
Ⅲ.命题点3感叹句
ⅰ.基础知识
常考What和How引导的感叹句结构
1.what引导：
①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+(主语+谓语)!
例：What a beautiful present (it is)! 多么漂亮的一个礼物啊!
②What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+(主语+谓语)!
例：What interesting books (they are)! 多么有趣的一些书啊!
③What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!
例：What nice music (it is)! 多么美妙的音乐啊!
2.how引导：
①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
例：How delicious the food is in Hong Kong! 香港的食物多么美味啊!
How well he plays the violin! 他小提琴拉得多好啊!
②How+形容词+a/an +可数名词单数(主语+谓语)!
例：How beautiful a girl (she is)! 多么漂亮的一个女孩啊!
③How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(主语+谓语)!
例：How interesting a film (it is)! 多么有趣的一部电影啊!
④How+主语+谓语!
例：How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!
ⅱ.练习题
21.-- exciting the speech about “Belt and Road” was!
--Of course! It was a really great inspiration to the world.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What an
22.-- weather it is! Shall we go for a picnic
--I can’t agree more.
A.What a good B.What good C.How good the D.How good
23.The self-driving plane proves to be useful in many ways. smart invention it is!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
24. interesting person our English teacher is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.What a
25.--It is reported that a kind of new smart phone can test the air quality (质量) around you.
-- fast the technology develops!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
26.-- exciting news it is! The museum has opened to the public!
--So it is.We plan to go there this summer holiday.
A.What an B.What C.How D.How a
Ⅳ.命题点4祈使句
ⅰ.基础知识
1.句式结构：
肯定句：
①(Please+)动词原形
例：Put the bananas and ice-cream in the blender.
把香蕉和冰激凌放在搅拌器里。
②Do+动词原形(加强语气，表示”务必，一定”)
例：Do come on time!一定要准时来!
Do look out一定要小心
③Let+宾语+动词原形
例：Let’s play basketball! 我们去打篮球吧！
否定句：
①Don’t+动词原形
例：Don’t open the window. 不要打开窗户。
②No+名词/动名词
例：No photos!禁止照相!
No parking! 禁止停车
③Don’t let+宾语+动词原形 = Let+宾语+not+动词原形
例：Don’t let him go there alone.
=Let him not go there alone. 不要让他独自去那儿。
2.应答祈使句时要用一般将来时。
例：--Don’t bring your mobile phone to school. 不要把手机带到学校来。
--Sorry, I won’t. 对不起，我不会了。
3.祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)。
例：Work hard, and you’ll get good grades.努力学习，你将会取得好成绩。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class. 快点，要不然你上课就迟到了。
ⅱ.练习题
27.As we all know, life is short but amazing. it!
A.Enjoy B.To enjoy C.Enjoying D.Enjoyed
28.Please the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A.puts B.put C.putting D.to put
29. everyone with politeness even those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but because you are.
A.Treat B.Treating C.Treated D.To treat
30. play computer games this evening if you don’t finish your homework first.
A.Doesn’t B.Aren’t C.Isn’t D.Don’t
31.Life is like a journey. Let us ahead, and we will see a lot more beautiful scenery.
A.plan B.to plan C.planning D.plans
Ⅴ.命题点5倒装句
ⅰ.基础知识
1.So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
此结构属于完全倒装。意为“某某也一样”，上下句中的主语是两个不同的人或物，但发生同样的行为或状况，表示肯定的倒装。
例：Li Hua failed in this English exam, and so did I.
李华这次英语考试不及格，我也没及格。
【易混句式】：So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词 意为“确实是......”。
该句式表示的是对前面所说的事情加以肯定，上下句中是相同的人或物。
例：--Lucy dances very well. 露西舞跳得很好。
--So she does. 的确如此。
2.Neither/Nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 (例：Neither/Nor do I)
此结构是“So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”的否定形式，意为“某某也不......”，上下句中的主语是两个不同的人或物，他们的行为或状况一样，表示否定的倒装。
例：He wasn’t late for school, neither/nor was I. 他上学没迟到，我也没有。
3.副词引导的倒装句：在以here，there，out，in，down，up，away，now，then等副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。其谓语动词由位于倒装句句末的主语决定。
例：There goes the bell. 铃响了。
ⅱ.练习题
32.Only an hour ago out why he was absent.
A.did the teacher found B.the teacher found
C.did the teacher find D.had the teacher found
33.--I don’t think I can walk any further. -- . Let’s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither can I B.Neither do I C.Neither I can D.Neither I do
34. --I always hate being late for school. -- .
A.So am I. B.So do I. C.So I am. D.So I do.
专题九 简单句
1.-- will the Jinniu Lake Animal Kingdom be open
--Maybe in the second half of this year.
A.When B.Who C.What D.Where
2.-- wonderful the music is! What’s its name --Victory.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
3.-- have you worked here --For just one month.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How much
4.-- dictionary is this It’s very nice. --I think it’s Mary’s.
A.Who B.Whose C.Whom D.Which
5.--What’s in the picture on the wall
--There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A.has B.are C.is D.have
6. for me at the bus station across from the post office.I can find you easily.
A.Wait B.To wait C.Waiting D.Waits
二、挑战题
7.Only yesterday find out that his purse was lost.
A.he was B.was he C.did he D.he did
8.My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A.are making B.is making C.was making D.were making