2022年鲁教版九年级语法专题研究十、复合句（基础知识、例题及练习题）

专题十 复杂句
Ⅰ.命题点1 宾语从句
ⅰ.基础知识
考向1：宾语从句的三大考点
一、引导词
宾语从句的引导词有that、连接代词、连接副词和if/whether等。具体用法如下：
1.that，本身无意义，只起连接作用，通常可省略。
例：Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic.
玛丽认为这些队是吸引人的。
2.连接代词（what/which/who/whose/whom等），在从句中作一定的成分，如：作主语、宾语、定语等。
例：I don’t know what they are going to do.
我不知道他们打算干什么。
He asked me whose book it was. 他问我这是谁的书。
二、语序：从句一律用陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+宾语+其他。
例：I don’t believe he told a lie. 我不相信他说谎了。
三、时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。
例：I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.
我听说乔昨天去北京了。
2. 主句是一般过去时，从句使用过去的某种时态。
例：Kate said she was doing her homework at this time yesterday.
凯特说她昨天这个时候在做她的作业。
3.从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
例：Our teacher said that the light travels faster than the sound.
我们老师说光传播的速度比声音传播的速度快。
考向2：疑问词+动词不定式
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what，which和疑问副词how，when，where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
例：Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore
打扰一下，请问你能告诉我如何去这家书店吗
【拓展】：“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。
例：Everyone should know how to deal with something unexpected.
= Everyone should know how they can deal with something unexpected.
每个人都应该知道如何处理一些难以预料的事情。
ⅱ.练习题
1.--The light in Bill’s office is still on. I wonder .
--Maybe at midnight again.
A.if will he stop working B.why he works so hard
C.how long will he work D.when he will stop working
2.--Excuse me, can you tell me
--Sorry, I’m a stranger here.
A.where is the post office B.where the post office is
C.how can I get to the post office D.where can I find the post office
3.--Could you please tell me you will go to Hong Kong on business
--Sure. I prefer to take a plane.
A.whether B.why C.when D.how
4.We can’t decide to go for dinner because everyone wants to order something different.
A.how B.why C.when D.where
5.--I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know it will arrive
--Usually it comes by 4:00 p.m.
A.how B.where C.when D.what
6.Tom asked I could go to the movies with him tonight just now.
A.what B.if C.when D.where
7.Sir, it’s true that being happy is an ability. So can you tell me we can find happiness
A.how B.when C.where D.what
8.Before you start reading, ask yourself you are reading this book. Most people read for two main reasons, pleasure or knowledge.
A.why B.what C.where D.when
9.You do not win respect by showing you are, but what you’re able to do.
A.where B.who C.how D.when
10. --Excuse me, could you tell me to get to a near by bank
--Go along this street and you will see a bank.
A.why B.where C.how D.when
11.I wonder Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.
A.that B.if C.what D.which
12.--Do you know grandma is going to visit us
--Next Saturday. She told me on the phone.
A.where B.why C.when D.whether
13.--I am worried about I can enter a good high school or not.
--Take it easy. Believe in yourself!
A.that B.when C.whether D.where
14.--I want to know we will have the meeting.
--Maybe in the classroom.
A.where B.when C.who D.whether
15.Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided which (read) first
Ⅱ.命题点2 定语从句
ⅰ.基础知识
1.根据定义定考点
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词（that，which，who，whom，whose）或关系副词（when，where，why）连接起来。定语从句关系词前被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
例：A dictionary is a book which gives the meanings of words.
主句：A dictionary is a book； 从句：which gives the meanings of words
先行词：a book
因此，如果确定是考查定语从句，我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。
2.根据成分选关系词 【在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。】
（1）一看指人还是指物
先行词指人：that，who，whose，whom；先行词指物：that，which，whose
（2）二看在句中作何成分
关系词 所作成分
主语 who(人)，which(物)，that(人/物)
宾语 who/whom(人)，which(物)，that(人/物)
定语 whose(人/物)
状语 where(地点)，when(时间)，why(原因)
①如果从句中缺少主干成分，补关系代词；如果从句中不缺主干成分，补关系副词； ②作宾语时，可以省略。
例1：My brother likes the stories were writ-ten by Mark Twain, because they are often humorous.
先行词(the stories)指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词which/that。
例2：He is the boy I talked with just now.
先行词(the boy)指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填。
例3：What’s the name of the girl father is a doctor
先行词(the girl)指人，关系词在从句中作定语，可用关系代词whose。
例4：I still remember the day our new school was built.
从句中不缺成分，先行词(the day)指时间，关系词在从句中作状语，可用关系副词when。
（3）三看是否属特殊情况
只能用关系代词that的情况：
①先行词是不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing，all，little，few， much，none，some等时。
例：As we all know, all that can be done has been done.
众所周知，所有能做的都已经做了。
②先行词被the only，the very，the right，the last等修饰时。
例：He is the only one that knows how to solve the problem.
他是唯一一个知道如何解决这个问题的人。
③当先行词既有人又有物时。
例：The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting. 作者在他书里描写的那些人和事非常有意思。
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词时。
例：This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.
这是这座城市迄今为止所放映过的最好的电影。
⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
例：Who is the boy that talked to you just now
刚才和你说话的那个男孩是谁？
只能用关系代词which的情况：
①引导非限定性定语从句时。
例：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
那棵400年的树在这里很有名。
②关系词前有介词时。
例：We depend on the land from which we get our food.
我们依靠土地来获得粮食。
ⅱ.练习题
16.Yesterday Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house he was born in.
A.which B.where C.what D.it
17.--Have you found the book you lost yesterday
--Yes. I left it in the library.
A.that B.who C.where D.when
18.--Why are you so worried
--I’ve lost the watch my dad bought me on my birthday.
A.whom B.who C.whose D.which
19.Anyone who is a server or has been one knows that customers always come first.
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
20.I like the city the people are really kind and friendly.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
21.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything
comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that B.why C.what D.whose
22.Not all children watch this video will become a scientist, but some may
become interested in science.
A.whom B.which C.who D.whose
23.The book was written by him is very interesting.
A.who B.whom C.which D.what
24.On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A.that B.who C.where D.whom
25.--Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father
--The first thing I will do is to make a card for him.
A.who B.where C.whose D.that
【选词填空】
when，whose，where，that，whom
26.The young man I had a talk with is a friend of my father.
27.I really like the family photo we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
28.I know a place we can find some flowers.
29.I still remember the days we worked together.
30.We need to help those children parents have left their homes to make money.
Ⅲ.命题三 状语从句
ⅰ.基础知识
1.常见的从属连词
从属连词 具体用法
表时间 when 当......时候；while当......时；after在......之后； before在......之前；until直到......；as soon as 一......就......
表条件 unless 除非，如果不；if 如果；in case 万一；once一旦
表让步 though虽然；although尽管；even though/if即使
表原因 since 既然；as 由于；because因为
表结果 so/such...that 如此......以至于
2.状语从句的时态：在常见的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态一致问题一般遵循以下三个原则：
原则1：“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
例：Linda will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she comes back.
当琳达回来时，她将告诉我们她去澳大利亚旅游的一些事情。
原则2：“主情从现”：主句中有情态动词，从句使用一般现在时。
例：You can keep the book for two weeks if you promise to return it on time.
如果你答应按时还书，你可以把这本书借两周。
原则3：“主祈从现”：若主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表将来。
例：Be careful when you cross the road.
过马路时你要小心。
ⅱ.练习题
31.I will call you as soon as he (arrive) here.
32.The nurse (leave) her patients unless she’s sure they are all taken good care of.
33.If it (rain) today, we’ll have to leave on Wednesday instead.
34.I (do) some cleaning as soon as I finish my homework.
35.While I (feed) the chickens, my sister was watching TV.
36.He didn’t sleep all night because he (think) about the plan.
专题十 复合句
一、选词填空基础题
what，whose，when，where，why，who，which
1.I wonder Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.
2.Do you know the students like the mobile phone game so much
3.The students love the teachers can make their lessons fun and easy.
4.Could you tell me they are doing
5.I would like to know the train leaves.
6.Does anybody know bike it is
二、语法填空
减少食物浪费
We waste 1.3 billion tons of food every year. 7. terrible it is! This is too much wasted food. There are millions of people that don’t have enough food to eat. Food waste isn’t just bad for humans, though. It’s also harmful 8. the environment.
When we put food waste into the landfill (废物填埋地), it produces a dangerous gas, 9. can keep heat inside of the earth’s atmosphere (大气). That’s 10. it’s one of the causes of global warming. There 11. (be) also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil. The chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes 12. it rains. As a result, food waste harms our bodies with water.
People don’t think about 13. food is made when they’re throwing it away. A lot of water is used 14. (grow) plants that make food. We use a lot of energy 15. we need fuel (燃料) to transport food from the field to the supermarket, and then to our homes. If we waste this food,we waste our planet’s natural resources.
For these 16. (reason), it is important for us all to reduce our food waste.
三、挑战题
1.--Have you found the information about famous scientists you can use for the report
--Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A.where B.which C.what D.who
2.The number of families have cars is increasing quickly nowadays.
A.what B.that C.who D.whom
3.This is the most exciting match I have ever watched.
A.who B.which C.that D.what