2022年江苏省南京中考英语语法复习之时态(三年模拟十年真题，含答案)

南京中考语法---时态
一、一般现在时
1.意义
（1）通常表示现在的状态或者事实
（2）通常用来描述经常进行的动作、客观存在事实以及目前存在的事实（知觉、态度和感情）。
2.句型结构
主语+be动词+形容词/名词/介词短语/副词
主语+实意动词+其他
be动词类与实意动词类结构的区别
一般疑问句的结构是be型还是实意动词型，取决于主语后是否是动词。
例1：_____he from Nanjing 需要填be动词，对应句型①
______he come from Nanjing 需要填do/does，对应句型②
3.时间状语
sometimes, always, usually, often, seldom, never, on Sundays, in the morning, every year.
4.难点
主语第三人称单数有哪些？重要程度 ★★★★★
可数名词单数
不可数名词，如news和Maths
动名词，如reading
不定代词everyone, someone, anything, something等
三单+with/together with/along with/as well as+...
one of sb/sth做主语，如one of the students
时间、钱数、长度、速度、距离、重量等的词组。如five dollars
相关考点
（1）客观真理用一般现在时，即使在主句谓语动词是过去式的宾语从句中，也用一般现在时。
二、现在进行时
1.意义
（1）现在进行时表将来
（2）表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作。
（3）与always, continually, constantly, forever等词进行搭配使用，表达赞扬喜好或厌恶的情绪
2.句型结构
主语+be动词+doing+其他
3.时间状语
now, look, listen, at the (this) moment, these days , at present等。
4.难点
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时
（1）表心理状态、情感的动词
如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等,若用进行时则词意改变。
I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
（2）表存在、状态的动词
如appear,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等。
（3）表感官的动词
如see ,hear,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等。
（4）表示认识或理解的词
如understand, know, remember, forget, believe, think, doubt等。
一般将来时
1.意义
表示即将发生的动作。
2.句型
will/shall+do表将来
be going to+do表将来
（1） will/shall+do表将来
（1）确信将要发生某事（2）正在做的计划
（2）be going to+do表将来
（1）决定做某事 （2）可能将发生某事，（根据已有迹象判断）
3.时间状语
this afternoon, tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this Sunday, next Sunday, next week，in two days(仅表示两天后时)
4.易错点
（1）祈使句+and+一般将来时的陈述句；或祈使句+or+一般将来时的陈述句
Get up early, and you will catch the bus.=If you get up early, you will catch the bus.
Hurry up, or you will be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
（2）there be结构的一般将来时态
There is going to be/will be a football match on the playground in a few days.
（3）祈使句的反义疑问句
Let’s go to the park, shall we
Close the door, will you
（4）祈使句的肯否定回答
---Don’t take photos in the museum.
---OK/Sorry, I won’t.
5.与其他时态关联：
现在进行时表将来。常见的动词有come, go, arrive, leave, end, start, end，die。重要程度 ★★★★
She is leaving for Hong Kong in 5 minutes.
(2)一般现在时表示将来。时间或条件的状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，即遵循“主将从现”。重要程度 ★★★★★
If you work hard, you will get better grades.
　 If you eat too much, you will become fat. 　
（3）在用于表示飞机或火车时刻表时,用现在时表将来,如:the next train leaves at 7:45 tonight.在这里,表示的是固定的时间表
The train leaves at three o’clock.
一般过去时
1.意义
（1）一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
（2）表示过去一段时间内的经常性动作或存在状态，会与表示一段时间的状语连用。
（3）表示刚刚，在过去之意，现在不这样了。
2.句型
主语+was/were+其他
主语+实意动词过去式+其他
3.时间状语
一般过去时的时间状语just now，a moment ago，yesterday，last week，last night，last weekend，last year，last month，three days ago，two weeks ago，five years ago，in 2000…
4.易错点
（1）变句型 +助动词did
句中实意动词为do，如He always did homework carefully.
其否定句为He didn’t do homework carefully.
（在该句中，didn’t中的do是没有实际意义，不翻译出来，而did homework的do是做的意思，所以一句话中有两个do，不要把第二个省去了。）
（2）you的指代问题
Did you...中的you是第二人称，既可以指第二人称单数，也可以指第二人称复数，其回答对应I或we，因而其答句有两种情况。）
e.g.---Did you like playing basketball, boys
----Yes, we did.
e.g---Did you like playing basketball, Micheal
----Yes, I did.
例题2：---Did you all like playing basketball
----_________.(肯定回答)
答案：Yes, we did.
（3）动词过去式与原形一致。
在这些动词之前的主语是第三人称单数，且这些动词用了原形时，该句话的时态是一般过去时。
cost, put, hurt, hit, let, cut, read, set, spread, spit, shut(过去式和原形一致)
例题3：He put the bags in the car and _______(驾驶)off.
答案： drove
例题4：It cost me three yuan.(对划线部分提问)
______________________________
答案： How much did it cost
（4）多词性
close和open用法多，词性也多。
The library closed at nine o’clock yesterday morning.(closed为过去式，句型②)
The library was closed for eight hours yesterday.(closed为形容词，句型①)
注：worry-worried（过去式）; worry-worried(形容词)
过去进行时
1.意义：
（1）过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作
（2）在过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作
2.句型
主语+was/were +doing+其他
3.时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
4.难点
（1）when, while 和 as 这三个词都有“当………时候”的意思。常作为过去进行时的时间状语。重要程度 ★★★★★
标注：when，while及as作“当……的时候”讲时，都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“during the time that”的意思。
当一个瞬间动作发生时一个持续性动作正在进行之中，持续性动作用过去进行时，瞬间动作用一般过去时。
①如果瞬间动作是主句，我们可以用when，while或as引导从句。
②如果持续性动作是主句，我们用when引导从句。
（2）强调动作未完成的时候用进行时。
例题5：---Have you finished your homework ---Not yet. I _____(do) my homework last night.
由句意可以我没有写完作业，因此不可以用一般过去时。而表示昨天晚上在做这件事，就用过去进行时。
答案：was doing
六、现在完成时
1.意义
（1）表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie has eaten my food. 埃迪吃了我的食物。（我没有食物吃了）
（2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
He has lived here since 1995. 自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。
（3）表示到现在为止，某一个动作发生了多少次
I have already read this book many times so far.
(到现在为止，我已经读过这本书许多次了)
2.句型
主语+has/have +done+其他
3.时间状语
3.1 时间状语
already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等) before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now
3.2 for和since引导的时间状语。重要程度 ★★★★
since的用法
①since 后面加点时间，如:They have been herer since last week.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时,主句动词用现在完成时。例：They have studied in this school since they came here.
③since搭配，如ever since，since then。例：We have lived in this area since then.
for的用法：for后加一段时间。例：The children have learnt math for ten years.
since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago。
例：for ten years=since ten years ago
对since/for引导的时间状语进行提问，用how long。如：---How long have you been in Nanjing ---For three years/Since three years ago.
3.3 几个易混状语的区分
(1)already与yet区别 already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
(2)ever、never与before用法区别 （1）ever表示曾经（2）never表示从不（3）before表示以前
(3)just和just now （1）just是刚刚，刚才。与现在完成时连用。（2）just now是刚才。与一般过去时连用。
4.难点
（1）have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in的区别。重要程度 ★★★★
①have/has been to：曾经去过，已经回来了，强调以往的经历。如：The old man has been to Egypt.
②have/has gone to: 去了其他地方，强调还没有回来。如：---Where is your uncle ---He has gone to the UK.
③have/has been in: 待在某地，住在某地。如：He has been in California for 5 days.
（2）延续性动词和短暂性动词。重要程度 ★★★★★
非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：begin/start—be on；finish/stop—be over; leave--be away; borrow--keep; marry--be married等。见表1.
表1
短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时的构成
begin/start be on have/has been on
finish/stop be over have/has been over
come/go/ arrive be in have/has been in
be at have/has been at
leave be away have/has been away
borrow keep have/has kept
join be in have/has been in
be a member of have/has been a member of
marry be married have/has been married
die dead have/has been dead
buy have have/has had
open be open have/has been open
close be closed have/has been closed
fall ill be ill have/has been ill
fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep
补充：
短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时的构成
move to live in have/has lived in
get up be up have/has been up
get used to be used to have/has been used to
（3）特殊句型
①It is/has been two years since I graduated from the university.
自从我毕业以来已经两年了。
②This is the best film that I have ever seen.= I have never seen a better film before.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
③This is the first time that I have seen the pandas.
这是我第一次看到大熊猫。
补充：时态之间的区分
现在完成时和一般过去时
1.相同点
相同点：两个时态都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
2.不同点
意义不同
结构不同
时间状语不同
搭配的特殊疑问词不同
2.1意义不同 重要程度 ★★★★★
现在完成时：强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等
①在过去开始做某事，经过一段时间，到现在仍然在做这件事情了。
②表示刚刚做完某事，但是强调对现在的影响。
一般过去时：只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生
①过去做过某事一段时间，但是现在已经不再做这件事情了。
②表示刚刚，在过去之意，现在不这样了。
2.2结构不同。
一般过去时：主语+动词过去式+其他
现在完成时：主语+has/have +done+其他
2.3时间状语不同。
一般过去时：yesterday, the other day , last week, three days ago, the day before yesterday, just now, in 2004
现在完成时：already, yet, since+时间点, for+一段时间, never, ever, before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, till now, up to now, this month, today, now
2.4搭配的特殊疑问词不同。
（1）what time和when常引导一般过去时的句子，而不引导现在完成时的句子。
（2）how long和how many times常引导现在完成时的句子，where、why、how都可以引导现在完成时的句子。
2022年模拟题
【2022年 鼓楼一模】—Chinese women’s football team won the Asia Cup again after 16 years.
—That was a great moment. I ________ the game on TV all the time.
A. have watched B. watched C. am watching D. was watching
【2022年 秦淮一模】—The TV is not working.
—Not again! It ________ twice this week.
A. happens B. happened C. has happened D. is happening
2021年模拟题
【2021年 联合体二模】 — Where is the head teacher
— She ________ to the library to search for some information.
A. goes B. will go C. has been D. has gone
【2021年 鼓楼二模】—Oh! What’s the matter with your finger
—I hurt it by accident while I ________ my bike.
A. fixed B. was fixing C. am fixing D. have fixed
【2021年 建邺二模】So far, China ________ the world’s largest highway network, with a total length of 160,000 kilometers.
A. builds B. built C. will build D. has built
【2021年 秦淮二模】—Hurry up. I can’t wait to see the movie. My Sister!
—Oh dear! It ________ for five e on!
A. has begun B. has been on C. will begin D. will be on
【2021年 新城二模】—Would you like to watch the film Fast and Furious 9 tonight
— Sure. I still want to see it again although I ________ it already.
A. watch B. will watch C. was watching D. have watched
【2021年 新城二模】Jenny who I ________ to know in Australia has worked in China for a year already. We are going to meet next week.
A. has got B. will get C. got D. get
【2021年 秦淮】--- Have you heard of Yangzhou Horticultural Expo It is showing gardens around the world.
--- Yes. I it with my parents the other day.
A.visit B. visited C. will visit D. have visited
【2021年 鼓楼】 — You should return my music CD. You it for almost a month.
— Sorry. I’ll bring it to school tomorrow.
A. borrowed B. kept
C. have borrowed D. have kept
【2021年 建邺】— Uncle Sam, I have to leave right now.
— What a pity! I ________ you could stay a little longer with us.
A. think B. am thinking C. thought D. will think
【2021年 联合体】There ________ still some apple juice in the fridge. You needn’t go to the supermarket.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【2021年 玄武】The real reason why prices ________, and still are, too high is hard to understand, and no one can explain this problem.
A. were B. would be C. have been D. will be
2020年模拟题
【2020年 鼓楼一模】—What is your brother going to do after he from the university
— He once told me he wanted to get further study at Qsinghua University.
A. graduates B. graduated C. is graduating D. will graduate
【2020年 建邺一模】—What do you think of the latest 5G smart phone
— It's amazing. It is the most wonderful phone I ________.
A. used B. will use C. was using D. have used
【2020年 江宁一模】 — Sorry, I’m late. There’s too much traffic on the road.
— It doesn’t matter. The film has just_______for five minutes.
A. begun B. finished C. been on D. been over
【2020年 玄武一模】Since China started 5G commercialization (商用) in June 2019, many Chinese companies ________ to provide 5G services.
A. started B. were starting C. start D. have started
【2020年 鼓楼二模】—I really enjoy the shows in the programme Online Travel in China.
—Me too. More online shows about Chinese culture________soon.
A. will open B. have opened C. is opening D. open
【2020年 建邺二模】—What a pity! It's raining. Do we have to cancel the family trip
—No. As soon as the rain stops, we ___________out to have fun.
A. go B. will go C. went D. have gone
【2020年 联合体二模】—Do you know when Grandma is going to visit us, Alice
—It's next week. She ________ me on the phone. And we'll take her to the national park
A. told B. is told C. will tell D. was going to tell
【2020年 秦淮二模】— Hi, Jessica! I________you were in Nanjing. People told me you were in Shanghai.
— Well, I came back just one hour ago.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. won’t know
【2020年 玄武二模】—You look absent-minded. ________you ________someone
—Yes. An old friend of mine is coming. We haven't seen each other for a long time.
A. Do; expect B. Are; expecting C. Were; expecting D. Did; expect
2012-2021年南京中考真题
【2021年南京中考】I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. won’t see D. haven’t seen
【2020年南京中考】Sorry, you can't take the dictionary away, Vicky. I it.
A．used B．am using C．have used D．was using
【2019年南京中考】—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro
—A couple of days. I ______ it last week.
A. bought B. buy C. will buy D. have bought
【2018年南京中考】---We _____ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday.
---That’s amazing!
A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go
【2017年南京中考】—Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is
—Just ________ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps
【2016年南京中考】 -- Hi, Nora. Is your mother at home
--Just a minute! She _______ flowers in the garden.
A. plant B. is planting C. planted D. was planting
【2015年南京中考】— When will Uncle Sam come to see us
— He’ll visit us this weekend．He ______ me that by email．
A.told B.is told
C.will tell D.was going to tell
【2014年南京中考】 – Lily, why are you still here School is over for half an hour.
-- Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished
【2013年南京中考】---Millie, where is Miss Li
---She _________ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall.
A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given
【2012年南京中考】 —I saw Mr Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.
—That′s impossible. He __________ an English party with us then.
A. has B. had C. was having D. has had
2022年模拟题
1-2 DC
2021年模拟题
1-5 DBDBD 6-10 CBDCC 11A
2020年模拟题
1-5 ADCAA 6-9 BBBB
2012-2021年南京中考真题
1-5 DBADA 6-10 BACCC