人教版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Vocabulary(4)课件（49张）

(共49张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
Vocabulary(4)
Workers attach orchids to tree trunks in the jungle in Metog county, Southwest China's Tibet autonomous region. They hope the flowers will grow naturally, supported by the tree.
jungle
n.(热带)丛林；密林
用作形容词 (adj.)
We should have cut away the jungle brush. 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
This jungle juice will knock you for a loop. 你喝了这种烈酒会醉倒的。
用作名词 (n.)
There's not much jungle 100 miles inland. 向内地100英里处丛林较少。
The new road was hacked out of the jungle. 这条新路是在丛林地带开辟出来的。
jungle, wood(s), forest,
wood(s)可译为“树林,丛林”,指面积比较小的森林,而且接近人烟处;
jungle指极其稠密、难以通行的热带丛林。
forest : 多指树木高大，面积大、人迹罕至的原始森林。
例如:
I am fond of rambling about in the woods.
我喜欢在林中徘徊。
They cut a path through the jungle.
他们在热带丛林中开辟出一条路。
Thousands of hectares of forest are destroyed each year.每年都有几千公顷的森林遭到破坏。
A man rides a motorbike along a road shrouded in smog in Noida, India, Nov 5, 2021.
smog n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的
fog 雾
smoke 烟
haziness 朦胧性
cloudiness 阴暗
haze 薄雾
atmosphere 大气

cloud 云
vapor 蒸汽
pollution 污染
mist 雾
smogginess 烟雾污染
Black smog reduced visibility to about fifty yards. 黑色的烟雾使能见度降到大约五十码左右。
The smog persisted throughout the day. 烟雾终日不散。
origin [’ r d n] 起源
__________ adj. 原始的; 最初的
__________ n. 起源; 由来; 起因
__________ adv. 最初; 本来
点拨: 类似加-al变形容词的词还有: nation/ national, addition/additional, education/ educational, person/personal等。
originally
original
origin
originate from 起源于
originate vi. & vt. 起源；发源；创立
This TV series originated from a short story.
这部电视连续剧源自于一部短篇小说。
The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.
这一思想最早是由创作该曲的一位妇女提出来的。
The style of architecture originated with the ancient Greek.
这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
The hot dog did not originate in the United States, but in Germany. 热狗不是起源于美国，而是德国。
the origins of the life on earth
地球上生命的起源。
The style of architecture originated from the ancient Greeks. 这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive. 我们的原始计划是去西班牙,但是去那里太贵了。
[即学即练]
用以上词的适当形式填空。
1) He’s writing a dictionary that explains
the _______ of words.
2) My job is to think up creative and
________ advertising ideas.
3) __________ it was a bedroom, but we
turned it into a study.
4) How did the tradition of wearing
costumes on Halloween ________
origin
original
Originally
originate
The Jimu 1 aerostat is prepared for takeoff on Sunday in the Tibet autonomous region. The surface of the aircraft is made of advanced composite fabric that is lightweight, resistant to radiation and can withstand temperatures as low as -70 C. It has a volume of 9,060 cubic meters and weighs 2.6 metric tons, according to the institute.
volume
n.量；体积；
(成套书籍中的)
一卷
This volume contains selections from his early works. 该卷包含了他的早期作品文选。
This volume is foxed on the flyleaf. 这卷书的空白页发黄了。
A gas has neither definite volume nor definite shape. 气体既无一定体积,又无一定形状。
He bound up the two book into one volume . 他将两本书装订成一册。
She turned down the volume on the radio. 她关小了收音机的音量。
Gastric secretion is reduced in volume and total acid content. 胃分泌的容量和总酸度降低。
volume, book, pamphlet
这三个词的共同意思是“书”,其区别是：
book是“书”的通称;
volume是一套书中的“卷”或“册”,有时也指较大的书。例如:
A novel in four volumes一部4卷本的小说;
a volume of his poetry他的一本诗集;
pamphlet指“小书”“小册子”,但并不见得不重要。例如:
scholarly monographs published as pamphlet以小册子形式出版的学术专著。
volume, size
这两个词都有“大小”“尺寸”或“体积”的意思。其区别是：
1.size主要指“尺寸”“规模”或“身材”等的大小或“数量”等的多少; volume指某物所占空间的体积或某容器的容积,还可约定俗成地来表达其他任何东西的度量。例如:
The sheets are made in several sizes to fit different sizes of bed.这些床单有几种尺寸,以便与大小不同的床配套。
The volume of this container is 1000 cubic metres.
这个集装箱的容量是1000立方米。
2.size强调真实准确性; volume强调精确性。例如:
They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.他们把小组的人数从25人减少到15人。
That is a room with a volume of 30 cubic feet.那是一个30立方英尺的房间。
3.volume还可表示声音的高低,而size无此义。例如:
Turning the knob of a radio one can fade the volume of sound in or out.旋转收音机的旋钮,你就能使音量渐渐增大或减弱。
A community worker disposes garbages for residents in quarantine in Changyi district of Jilin city, Northeast China's Jilin province, March 15, 2022.
garbage
n. 垃圾；废物
n. [环境]垃圾；废物
=refuse , trash
Please put the garbage in the dustbin. 请把垃圾放在桶里。
She threw the leftovers in the garbage. 她把剩饭倒进垃圾桶。
The smell of the garbage overpowered me. 垃圾的臭味使我无法忍受。
You are a garbage! 你真是个废物！
Please throw the garbage away. 请把这些废物扔掉。
In her home, garbage was fed to the pigs. 在她家,剩菜用来喂猪。
waste，garbage，rubbish，litter，junk
这些名词均含“废物，垃圾”之意。
waste普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。garbage主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
rubbish普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
junk指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
Workers are seen at a "mother workshop" at Zhongshan Richsound Electronic Industrial Ltd. The "mother post" is the manufacturing enterprises' latest response to the inevitable trend. More and more jobs with flexible work schedules will likely be adopted in the future.
enterprise
n. 公司；企业；事业
This enterprise is now on a firm footing and should soon get profits. 现在这家企业基础稳固，很快就会赢利。
They are involved in an exciting scientific enterprise. 他们投身于一项激动人心的科学事业。
We need a spirit of enterprise if we are to overcome our difficulties. 如果我们要克服困难，我们就要有进取精神。
His latest business enterprise has attracted a lot of attention. 他最新的企业规划引来了很多关注。
Didi: US delisting vital to restore normal operation. A visitor passes the booth of Didi Global Inc during an expo in Tianjin.
restore /r st (r)/vt. 恢复；使复原；修复
The military government promised to restore democracy within one year. 军人政府答应在一年内重新建立民主体制。
Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order. 为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施。
The police must try to restore order. 警方必须努力恢复治安。
The new manager's job is to restore the company to profitability. 新经理的工作是让这家公司能恢复盈利状况。
I feel quite restored to health after my holiday. 假期过后，我觉得健康恢复得相当不错。
The stolen property must be restored to its owner. 赃物必须物归原主。
It's easy to kill,but impossible to restore life. 杀生容易,回生难。
“restore”和“recover”区别如下：
1、释义不同
英语中均翻译为“恢复”，本质上有很大区别。“restore”： re 是重新的意思，store 含义是存放或者存储。“recover”：cover 是覆盖和盖上的意思。
2、实际应用不同
“restore”：指访问先前生成的备份，从中得到一个或多个对象，然后在磁盘上的某个位置还原这些对象。“recover”：是一个数据库与给定时间点相一致以保证能够打开这个数据库的实际进程，该进程通常是通过应用重做。
3、适用的语境不同
如restore the system意为“恢复系统”，recover from an illness意为“从病中恢复”。可见不是同一个“恢复”，这种现象是把单词译成汉语造成的。
Local herders and survey personnel place infrared cameras in Nagchu, Tibet autonomous region. Starting at the end of 2021, the bureau and the ShanShui Conservation Center have been investigating to understand the distribution and population density of snow leopards in Nagchu, an important area for the animals.
conservation / k ns ve n/ n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
conserve v.保护，保存；节省，节约
conservative adj.保守的
preserve : 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。
conserve : 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。
reserve : 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
reserve还能表示“拥有、保留、保持”权利和意见的意思，例如很多出版物上都会标有“
You can set the temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy.
你可以把温度设置成26摄氏度以节约资源。
Government should enforce laws to conserve wildlife animals in this area.
政府应该实施法律保护这个地区的野生动物。
She believed it‘s the most important thing to preserve her reputation.
她认为维护自己的名声是最重要的事情。
The ancient vase was preserved well by the archaeologists. 这个古代花瓶被考古学家保存得很好。
I'd like to reserve a room tonight. 我想预定一个今晚的房间。
The refreshments are reserved for the guests. 这些点心是留给客人的。
All rights reserved”，意思是“版权所有”。
Several days of unrest in Sweden, sparked by a far-right group's plans to burn the Quran, have injured several dozen people, police said on Monday, calling for more resources to deal with the violence.
dozen / d zn/ n.(一)打；十二个
dozens of许多；很多
dozen的意思是“一打”“十二个”，
1. 与具体数字连用时，不加复数词尾 –s；若后接名词，通常也无需用介词of。如：
I’d like three dozen altogether. 我想一共要3打。
偶尔也可见到受具体数字修饰的dozen, 后接 of，但惯用法认为省略 of则常见。
2. 若不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾 -s, 而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。如：
There were dozens of people there. 那里有许多人。
3. 当与a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词连用时，带不带复数词尾 -s均可，但是注意：若不带复数词-s，其后的
介词of可以省略；若带复数词尾-s，则其后介词of不能省略。如：
several dozen(s) of eggs=several dozen eggs 几打鸡蛋
several dozen (of) pencils= several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔
4. 若其后的名词受the, these, those等特指限定词的修饰，或其后接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。如：
a dozen of his friends 他的一打朋友
two dozen of them 它们中的两打
A container vessel leaves Yangpu Port, Hainan province, for Vietnam. The move is an adjustment to the implementation of a regulation on ship registration in China, which stipulates that at least half of the stakes of ships registered and mainly operating in China should come from Chinese investors.
regulation/ reɡju le n/ n. 章程；规章制度
regulate v.控制，管理
A cashier at a bank in Taiyuan, Shanxi province counts renminbi notes. As for the disposal of financial risks－stressed in the draft version of the financial stability law－it is reasonable to allow local governments to use local resources and take the lead to grapple with risks lying in rural cooperative financial institutions or nonfinancial institutions.
dispose: v. 布置;安排
disposal: n. 清除;处理
dispose of: 处理;解决;杀死;清除
The disposal of rubbish is always a problem. 垃圾的处理总是个难题。
The safe disposal of nuclear waste is a major problem. 安全处置核废料是个大问题。
I want to dispose of these old books. 我想处理掉这些旧书。
Most complaints can be disposed of pretty quickly. 大多数投诉可以很快地解决。
Beijing vowed to normalize epidemic prevention management for mobile working groups, including engineering personnel, security workers, cleaners, and couriers, and strengthen the supervision and inspection of places with high population density, Xu Hejian, spokesman for the Beijing municipal government, said at a news conference on Saturday.
The _________ are ____________ our city for environment.
inspectors
inspecting
inspect
[读一读]归纳句中黑体词的词性与意义。
⑴ Police were called out to keep ovder at the airport， and inspect the arriving planes.
v. 检查
警察们被紧急召集起来去守卫机场，并对到达的飞机进行检查。
⑵ The plants are regularly inspected for disease and insects.
⑶ All countries must allow international inspection of their nuclear weapons(核武器)sites.
n. 检查。所有国家必须允许对其核武器地址的国际检查。
inspect something for something 检查某物以寻找……。这些植物被定期检查是否有疾病和虫子。
inspection n.检查；查看；视察
inspect vt. 仔细检查；检阅；视察
inspector n. 检查员；督察员
inspect一般仅指认真观察或察看,用于政治、军事、法律或科技领域,或者指认真检查出现的错误。
inspect是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
inspect, examine, investigate
均有“检查”“审查”的含义。它们之间的区别是:
examine为最普通的用语,可指任何方式地、粗略或仔细地检查;
inspect有仔细检查的含义,强调通过检查找出缺点或漏洞
另外examine, inspect, 既可用于人,又可用于物,而investigate只能用于表示对情况、事态等的调查或检查。
试体会下例中这四个词的运用:
The detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and scrutinized the weapon for clues.正在调查这一谋杀案的侦探检查了尸体,察看了犯罪现场,并仔细检查了凶器以寻找线索。
［练一练］
⑴ 很奇怪，我上火车前，竟然没有人查看我的车票。
It was strange that ____________________ before I got on the train.
⑵ 我们希望对学校的检查每四五年举行一次。
We expect ___________ schools to take place every four or five years.
inspections of
nobody inspected my ticket
fine /fa n/ vt.对……处以罚款
adj. 令人满意的，可以接受的；值得崇敬的；健康的，身体好的；优质的，出色的，美好的；晴朗的
adv. 很，很好；精致地，精美地；细小地
v. 罚款，处以罚金；使变纯，使澄清；使变细，使变瘦；
n. 罚金，罚款；微小颗粒
Did she have to pay a fine
她非得交罚款吗？
China's war against COVID-19 is by no means an ideological campaign that "sacrifices its economic growth," as some Western media portrayed it. It's essentially a war to protect people's lives -- the foundation for all economic development.
campaign/k m pe n/ n. 运动；战役 v. 参加运动；领导运动
五四运动
Wusi campaign
camp-ai-g-n
记忆：
每次野营活动都爱跟着你
an advertising campaign
Jane is campaigning for women’s right.
n
v
用作名词 (n.)
The campaign was a blockbuster. 这次竞选运动声势浩大。
They are planning a new campaign against corruption. 他们正在策划一个新的反贪污运动。
The campaign to seize the city was a failure. 攻占这个城市的战役失败了。
We were outmanoeuvred and outfought throughout the winter campaign. 我们在整个冬季战役中始终不如对手。
I hope you are all geared up for the mew sales campaign. 我希望你们都为新的销售活动做好准备。
He fell on a miserable setback in the commercial campaign. 他在商务活动中惨遭挫折。
The presidential campaign was in full swing. 总统竞选运动正在全力进行中。
用作动词 (v.)
He announced that he would campaign for the senate. 他宣布他将参加议员竞选。
We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years. 我们最近15年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。
battle，war，campaign，struggle，warfare，fight，combat，engagement
这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。
battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。
struggle指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
warfare侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。
fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
combat泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。engagement指交战，交火。
China's investment in road and waterway infrastructure rose in the first quarter of the year (Q1), data from the Ministry of Transport shows.
Fixed-asset investment in road and waterway infrastructure jumped 11.4 percent year-on-year to 512 billion yuan ($78.88 billion) during the period, according to the ministry.
waterway/ w t we / n. 水道；航道
We tolerate any form of being closed at home.
tolerate/ t l re t/ vt. 忍受；包容；容许
tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍(某人)做某事
tolerant adj. 忍受的；容忍的；宽容的
tolerance n. 容忍；忍耐力
Most of the women won't tolerate __________(smoke) in this hall.
大多数妇女都不能容忍在这个大厅里吸烟。
smoking
tolerate: v. 容忍;忍受
bear: v. 容忍;忍受
stand: v. 容忍;忍受
put up with…: 容忍;忍受
(主要用于否定句、疑问句)
1)We can’t tolerate/bear/stand the noise.
2)She couldn’t tolerate/bear/stand being
called a bad girl.
3)He can’t put up with her rudeness.
agenda / d end / n.议程表；议事日程
I suggest we skip to the last item on the agenda.
我建议我们跳到议程的最后一项。
Thanks for listening