高考英语专题复习 定语从句 考点例析优质课件（47张PPT）

(共47张PPT)
定语从句高考考点例析
The best way you can get
Complex sentence 复合句：
由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作
某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。
复合句 =
主句
+
定语从句
一个主谓结构是句子
的主要部分（主句）
另一个或一个以上的主谓结构
只在句子中作某个成分（定语）
The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.
主句主语
从句主语
从句谓语结构
主句谓语结构
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词
或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，
因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。
Attributive clause:
定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
I was the only person who was invited.
in my office
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.
The man who came here yesterday has
come again.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter
teaches English at a middle school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。
I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).
when
___
_
Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a very rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).
___
________
where
1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).
_______
___
Please give me the reason _____ (you made such a great success).
___
_____
when
why
Morning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud).
___
______
when
Do you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）
___
________
where
3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。
Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).
where
October 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).
when
The window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.
Which
that
The meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.
Which
that
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live).
____
___
where
in which
The house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.
which
that
/
___
___
Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake.
who
whom
that
/
_
____
My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out).
__________________
_______
in which
when
考点二：that和which的选择
(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：
a. All that can be done has been done.
b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender.
② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：
I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
考点二：that和which的选择
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
This is the very book (that) I want to find.
⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.
⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。
考点二：that和which的选择
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this
What that is on the table belongs to me
⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
1 She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
考点二：that和which的选择
（2）只用which的情况
B
B
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
※对这两个词作如下归纳：
1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.
He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural.
Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.
2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如：
As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.
As we all know, the earth is round.
3.用于the same…as…,such…as…，as…as…, so…as…中，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.
such...as 和such...that...
such...as中as引导的是定语从句，as在从句中做主语或者宾语。such...that中that引导的是结果状语从句。that在从句中不做成分。
This is such a difficult problem______ all of us can't work out.
This is such a difficult problem______ all of us can't work it out.
4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等的固定搭配。
He won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
The police were looking for him, as he thought.
5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
如何选定介词:
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper ________ you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _____________I’m sure.
3. 根据句意，请体会：
e.g. There is a telescople__________ I can see the star.
for which
about which
through which
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
介词+whose+n.
Henry, for _____ life was hard, is now rich.
Henry, _____ life was hard, is now rich.
Henry, _____ company I work, is now rich.
Henry, _____ son I work, is now rich.
答案： whom; whose; in whose; with whose
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,
where=in/on/at…+which, situation,stage,piont,case,scene
why=for+which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。但look after,look for,take care of,see to等不能拆、
eg. 1. I won’t forget the date ___________I was born.
2. This is the room __________ I lived.
3. I don’t know the reason ____________he haven’t come today.
4. They have reached the point _____they have to seperate with each other.
答案：1.when/ on which 2. where/ in which 3.why/ for which 4.where
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
思考？
是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替
The painting (__________ I looked) was painted by me.
at which
The book (______________ I heard) was written twenty years ago.
about which
The pen (____________ she wrote that book) can now be seen in
a museum.
with which
Kunming is a beautiful place _____________ ( flowers are seen all
the year round).
where/in which
I will never forgot the day _____________ I first met you on the ship.
on which/when
during which
The film (_____________I fell asleep) was very boring.
结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语
时，才能用关系副词代替。
1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分，再看that前的名词是否是一些抽象的名词如：idea, fact, thought, news等。
She was not the woman ______she used to be.
The news ______he won the game was true.
考点五：定语从句与其他从句的区别
2.定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从句）
1. Rice doesn’t grow well _______ there is not enough water.
2. I still remember the farm_____ my parents worked ten years ago.
3. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
where
where/
on which
3.定语从句与强调句
强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。
It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
It is the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
It was in the small house_____ was built with stones by his father ____ he spent his childhood.
--Where did you find the dog
--It was in the house _____ we played yesterday.
4.定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）
1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer.
2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer.
3.Mr Li has three daughters; __________ are doctors.
答案：1.whom 2. them 3. None/They
1.紧缩型定语从句 结构是：
介词+关系代词+ to do...
I have no room ______ I can live.
I have no room_________________.
She had only 10 dollars _______she can buy a gift.
She had only 10 dollars _______________________
考点六：特殊式定语从句
2.含有插入语的定语从句。(先删去插入语或状语，原句句法结构仍然完整。)
常见的插入语有：I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine，guess), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。
The scientist has made another discovery, ______ I believe is of great importance.
A. that B. / C. which D. why
Anyone who _______(break) the law will be punished．
Those who ______(have) finished may go home．
He is the only one of the teachers who ________(know) French in our school．
This is one of the rooms that _____(be) free now．
考点七：定语从句中的主谓一致问题
5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
6. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.
9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou
10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
____
as
_____
Whose
that
____
that
____
____
that
_____
As
练习题
1、All______ is useful to us is good.
A、which
B、what
C、that
D、whether
C
2、Is this factory ____ we visited last
week.
A、where
B、that
C、which
D、the one
D
3、She will never forget the day_____
she spent in Beijing.
A、when
B、what
C、which
D、why
C
4、This is the school _______ my father
worked 20 years ago.
A、that
B、when
C、which
D、where
D
5、This is the very factory_______we visited
last year.
A、that
B、which
C、what
D、the one
A
6、The text is one of the most interesting
stories_______learnt in the past
three days.
A、that have
B、that have been
C、which has
D、which has been
B
7、The college won’t take anyone _____
eyesight is weak.
A、who
B、whose
C、of whom
D、which
B
8、Let me think of a proper situation
_______ this sentence can be used.
A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、which
A
9、The man _______ you are talking is
in the next room.
A、to whom
B、about whom
C、about who
D、whom
B
10、This is the last factory ___ he used to
work at, many workers of _____ still
have a good relationship with him.
A、that; it
B、which; whom
C、that; which
D、which; that
C
11、Those _____ to take part in the game
write down your names.
A、who
B、who want
C、what wants
D、want
B
12、I，______ you good friend, will try
my best to help you out.
A、who is
B、what is
C、what am
D、who am
D
13、His walking stick, ____ he can’t
walk, was lost yesterday.
A、that
B、with which
C、which
D、without which
D
14、They have decided to finish their
work, ______, I think is a wise choice.
A、that
B、what
C、which
D、whether
C
15、I don’t like the way _____ he
spoke to me.
A、by that
B、what
C、by which
D、/
D
16、This is the only thing _____ I can
do now.
A、what
B、which
C、that
D、all
C
17、There are three libraries in our
school, _______ were built five
years ago.
A、all of them
B、either of them
C、all of which
D、both of that
C
18、He told me the reason _____ he
didn’t come here.
A、which
B、that
C、why
D、what
C
19、This is the reason ______ he told me.
A、that
B、why
C、on which
D、for that
A
20、Which of the two cows ______ you
keep produces more milk
A、which
B、that
C、what
D、as
B