2022年中考英语真题限时阅读系列 每日一练（4）—议论文（泛读+精读）（含答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年中考真题限时练议论文（4）
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species. Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about A. Culture belongs to human nature.B. Nature teaches humans how to adapt.C. Humans are supposed to be well organized.D. Education pushes the human species to progress.2. Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3 A. To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.B. To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.C. To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.D. To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.3. The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.A. System B. spread C. start D. spirit4. What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship A. Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.B. Culture depends much on nature to progress.C. Nature and culture are different but connected.D. Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. 【词汇积累】opposite adj. 截然相反的；对面的 disorganized adj. 组织混乱的，杂乱无章的selfishly adv. 自私地，任性地 formation n. 形成；构成，结构adapt v. （使）适应/适合 词汇运用
从“词汇积累”中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成下列各题。1.My boss is completely disorganized.2.My profession had an important influence in the formation of my character.
3.He suggests that we must adapt to modern society.4.He selfishly took all the best cakes for himself.5.She hurried away in the opposite direction.【短语积累】be seen as 被视为 on the other hand另一方面 thanks to多亏；由于be related to...与...有关 such as例如 belong to属于 be born with天生具有【难句分析】1.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species. 分析：本句是一个宾语从句。本句中, “studies”是主语，“suggest”是谓语， “that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species”是宾语。It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. 分析：本句中“It seems to be an adaptation”是主句, “which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits”是非限制性定语从句。
【译文】自然和文化通常被视为相反的观点。属于自然的东西不可能是人类活动的结果，另一方面，文化的发展是违背自然的。然而，这并不是关于自然与文化之间关系的唯一观点。对人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种对抗自然的努力还是一种自然的努力，都是人类物种（物种）发展的一部分。一些现代作家将教育的过程视为一种对抗人性的斗争。我们生来就狂野，比如吃饭，行为混乱，行为自私。教育利用文化作为让我们摆脱最广泛的本性的一种方式；多亏了文化，人类才能学会适应、进步和提高自己，超越其他物种。然而，在过去的一个半世纪里，对人类发展史的研究表明，文化的形成是生物适应的一部分。例如，考虑一下狩猎。这似乎是一种适应，它允许人类进入新的和不同的领域，打开了改变生活习惯的机会。与此同时，武器的发展也与这种适应有关——从岩石和石头到一套狩猎工具，从狩猎工具到与正确使用武器有关的规则。狩猎似乎也要负责一系列的身体能力，比如用一只脚保持平衡。想想这个非常简单的事情是如何与舞蹈密切相关的，舞蹈是人类文化的一个关键表达。很明显，生物的发展和文化的发展是密切相关的。文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着壳一样，我们也会带着我们的文化。然而，文化也在同一时期的人之间或属于不同人群的人之间传递。即使我们出生在巴黎，我们也能学会如何做饺子，就像我们会说英语一样，即使我们的家人或朋友都不会说饺子。 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C【解析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。1.D段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。2.C推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。3.B词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。4.C观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。